AWS Standard-Setting System Report RR April 2016...

AllianceforWaterStewardship

Standard-SettingSystemReport

April2016

www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org

IntroductionThisStandard-SettingSystemReportdelineatesthecurrentstatusoftheAllianceforWaterStewardship’s(AWS’s)standard-settingprocess,knownastheAWSWaterRoundtable(WRT).AnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.TheAWSComments,ComplaintsandAppealsProcedureisalsoindraftformandsubmittedforcommentpriortoAWSBoardapproval.ThisreportisintendedtoshowcompliancewiththeISEALcodeofgoodpracticeforsettingstandards(“StandardsCode”).Thisreportisorganizedinto5mainsectionsandoneAppendix:

Introduction...........................................................................................................................................11.0Scope................................................................................................................................................2

2.0StakeholderEngagement.................................................................................................................63.0StandardsDevelopment.................................................................................................................10

4.0StructureoftheAWSStandard......................................................................................................22

5.0StandardsReviewandRevision......................................................................................................30AppendixA:Stakeholdersub-groupmapping......................................................................................31

ThisStandard-SettingSystemReportreferencesseveraladditionalmaterials.Twokeydocumentsarereferencedseveraltimesarenotedbelow.Youmaywishtohavethemonhandwhenreviewingthisreport.

TheWaterRoundtable(WRT)ProcessDocument2011http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdfTheAWS’smissionistopromotewaterstewardship:theuseoffreshwaterthatissociallybeneficial,environmentallyresponsibleandeconomicallysustainable.Toachievethismission,theAWSisdevelopingaglobalwaterstewardshipprogram,whichwillidentifyandrewardbusinessesandwaterserviceproviderswhotakeeffectiveactiontoreducetheimpactsoftheirwateruse.Moreover,akeyelementofthisprogramisthedevelopmentofanInternationalWaterStewardshipStandard(IWSSorAWSStandard).AWS’sglobalWaterRoundtable(AWSWRT)istheAlliance’smulti-stakeholderstandard-settingprocess.ThisdocumentoutlinestheoverallAWSWRTprocess,includingthestandarddecision-makingbodyoftheAWSWRT,whichwillbecalledtheInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommittee(ISDC).

TheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandard(AWSStandard)v1.0http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standardThisdocumentisthefinalproductoftheWRT,thefinalizedAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardor“AWSStandard”.

Whenanyresourceisreferencedinthisreport,alinkwillbeprovidedaswellasthepagenumberonwhichtheinformationcanbeaccessed.

Foranyadditionalquestions,pleasecontactRichardRobertson,TechnicalManager,AllianceforWaterStewardship(richard@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).

Thebodyofthisreportwasdevelopedin2014byNicoleTanner,DeputyGlobalCoordinatorWaterRoundtable(nicole@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).In2015minorupdatesweremadebyRichardRobertson,TechnicalManager,AllianceforWaterStewardship(richard@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).

1.0Scope

ThestandardaddressedinthisreportistheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0.

ThisStandardisalsoreferredtoasthe“AWSStandard”orinafewinstancesas“IWSS”.

Rationale(Whyisthestandardneeded?–justification)Growingpopulationsandeconomies,changinglifestyles,andglobalclimatechangeareallincreasingthepressureontheplanet’swaterresources.Peopleandnaturealikearethreatenedbyalackofresponsiblewatermanagement.

Theworld’swaterusers,fromagriculture,energyandindustrytocitiesandcitizens,recognizetheacuteneedtomanagemoresustainablythewaterresourcesonwhichtheydepend.Inpartsoftheworld,waterscarcityisthreateningsocial,environmentalandeconomichealth.By2030,47percentoftheworld’spopulationwillbelivinginareasofhighwaterstress.1Decision-makingprocessesaroundwater-relatedpolicyareleavingmillionswithoutaccesstosafewaterandsanitation.Atthesametime,theviabilityofbusinessoperationsandeconomicactivityisthreatened.Shareholders,governmentsandconsumersareincreasinglydemandingthatcompaniesusenaturalresourcesinwaysthatareenvironmentallyandsociallysustainable.Waterusersalsoarerealizingthatimprovingwaterqualityandreducingwaterconsumptioncanresultinsignificantsavingsandincreasedprofits.

Ourglobalizedworlddemandsaninternationalapproachtowaterthatcanbeappliedconsistentlyacrossregionsandsectors,yetrecognizesthelocalnatureofwater.Toaddressthemajorwaterchallengesinasustainableway,collectiveapproaches,throughwhichwaterusersworktogethertoidentifycommongoalsforsustainablewatermanagement,mustbedeveloped.AWSStandard,page4:(http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

1 United Nations (2012) World Water Development Report. Available online (April 2014): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr

TheAWSdecidedtodevelopastandardbecausewaterisaresourcethathasisincreasinglyundergreaterpressure.Whileregulatoryapproachesareakeyaspectofwatermanagement,increasinglythereistherecognitionthatvoluntaryapproachestowaterstewardshiphaveanimportantroletoplayinmeetinglocal,nationalandinternationalgoals(e.g.,MillenniumDevelopmentGoals).Furthermore,manyexistingvoluntarystandardshavebeencommodity-basedandfocusedonthe“fencelineimpacts”ofwaterstewardship.Whathasbeenlackingisariskresponsestrategythataddressesthecumulativeimpactsofwateruse,andengagesallofthevariousstakeholdersattherelevantwatershedscale.TheAWShassetforthtobuildsuchaninternationalwaterstewardshipstandardandanassociatedwaterstewardshipprogram.WRTProcessDocument,pages3,10-16:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

AWSStandardObjectives(5.1.1and6.1.1baseline)TheAWSStandardisintendedtodrivewaterstewardship,whichisdefinedastheuseofwaterthatissociallyequitable,environmentallysustainableandeconomicallybeneficial,achievedthroughastakeholder-inclusiveprocessthatinvolvessite-andcatchment-basedactions.Goodwaterstewardsunderstandtheirownwateruse,catchmentcontextandsharedconcernsintermsofwatergovernance,waterbalance,waterqualityandImportantWater-RelatedAreas,thenengageinmeaningfulindividualandcollectiveactionsthatbenefitpeopleandnature

Sociallyequitablewateruserecognizesandfulfillsthehumanrighttosafewaterandsanitationandhelpsensurehumanwell-beingandequity;

Environmentallysustainablewaterusemaintainsorimprovesbiodiversityandecologicalandhydrologicalprocessesatthecatchmentlevel;

Economicallybeneficialwaterusecontributestolong-termsustainableeconomicgrowth,developmentandpovertyalleviationforwaterusers,localcommunitiesandsocietyatlarge

(http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard,AWSStandard,page4)

AWSStandardSustainabilityOutcomesTheAWSStandardisthecornerstoneofalargerAWSSystemdesignedtoprimarilyaddresssustainabilityofwaterresourcesasindicatedbythefourdesiredoutcomesofwaterstewardship(goodwatergovernance,sustainablewaterbalance,goodwaterqualitystatus,andhealthystatusofimportantwater-relatedareas).AchievementofthesefourdesiredoutcomesthroughimplementationoftheAWSStandardaddressanumberofthesustainabilityissuesISEALoutlinesinthecodeofgoodpractice.InthetablebelowwehavenotediftheAWSStandardaddressestheissuedirectlyorindirectlythroughthelargerAWSsystem.

Social AWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0

1a GenderRightsAccesstoopportunitiesandempowermentofgirlsandwomen,aswellasthereductionofdiscriminationandinequalitiesbasedongender

Indirect.ThroughAWSsystem.

*denotesadditionalISEAL-relatedsustainabilityissues

TermsofReference(ToR)(5.5.1baseline)TheAWSStandardwasdevelopedthroughastandard-settingprocessknownastheAWSWaterRoundtable(WRT).TheWRTwasguidedbyamulti-stakeholderdevelopedWRTProcessDocument,finalizedinApril2011.Withinthisdocument,theWRTTermsofReferenceare

1b CulturalRightsIndigenousandminorityrightsandempowerment,includingrespectforself-determination,intellectualproperty,benefitsharingandreligioustolerance

Direct.OneoftheStandard’sfouroutcomesisthehealthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas(“whenthespecific,environmentally,socially,culturally,oreconomicallywater-relatedareasofacatchment,whichprovideimportantcontributionstohumanwellbeing,areinahealthystate”).TheStandardalsorequiresStakeholderengagementatavarietyoflevels.

1c SocialServicesAccesstoeducation,healthcare,cleanwater,foodsecurityandhousing

Direct.WASHrequirementsinStandard(coreandadvancedcriteria)Indirect.ThroughAWSsystem,e.g.thecontributionofwatersupplytosustainablefoodsystems

Environmental

2a WaterMarineandfreshwaterconservationandquality,includingprotectionfrompollution

Direct.EntireAWSStandardconcernsfreshwatersustainability.

2b SoilMaintenanceoforganicmatterandbiologicalactivity,includingpreventionoferosionandpollution

Indirect.Whilenotarequirement,pilottestshavedemonstratedthecontributionofwaterstewardshiptosoilmoistureconservationandresultanterosionprevention.

2c Biodiversityconservationatthegenetic,speciesandecosystemslevels

Direct.EntireAWSStandard.

2d EnergyEfficientenergyuse,includingreductionintotaluseandincreaseduseofrenewableenergy

Indirect.

2e CarbonMitigationandsequestrationofgreenhousegasemissionsandincreasedresilienceandadaptationcapacityofpeople,theirlivelihoodsandecosystemstoclimatechange

Direct.ClimateadaptationconsiderationsarerequiredintheStandard.

2f NaturalResourcesEfficientmanagementofnaturalresourcesfromproductiontopost-consumption,includingintegrityofecosystemservices,sustainablelevelsofharvestingandextractionandreductionandeffectivemanagementofwaste

Direct.EntireAWSStandard.

Economic

3a EnterpriseResilienceAssuranceofself-relianceandabilitytocounterriskthrougheconomicdiversification,accesstofinanceandincreasedproductivityandquality

Direct.EntireAWSStandard

3b ValueChainsFairnessandresponsibilitytowardallactorsinavaluechain,includingequitabletradingrelationships

Indirect.

Capacity* 4a Buildcapacitytoundertakeimplementation(caninclude

necessaryhuman,financialandinfrastructureresources)andsupportnecessarycapacityexternally.

Direct.StandardandSystem.

Disclosure** 5a Buildtrustamongstinternalandexternalstakeholders,as

akeycomponentforworkingtogethertotacklethesharedchallengesfacingsustainabilityissues(maybeinterpreteddifferentlyandcouldunderminethebasicobjectiveofawareness,education,andtrust)

Direct.StandardandSystem

expresslywrittentoensurethattheStandardmeettheneedsoftheprogramandareendorsedbythestakeholderswhoareexpectedtobeaffectedbyandbenefitfromtheprogram’suptake.

Additionally,thereisaToRfortheISDC(thedecisionmakingbodyoftheWRT),thatoutlinestheISDC’sroleindevelopinganddeliveringtheStandard.

• WRTProcessDocument-WRTToRpages58-62http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

• AWSInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommitteeToRhttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS_ISDC-Terms_of_Reference.pdf

Listofapprovedstandards(5.10.1baseline)AspertheprocessoutlineintheWaterRoundtableProcessDocument,theAWSBoarddeterminedthattheISDCmettheirtermsofreferenceindevelopingtheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardandacceptedthefinalversioninApril2014.

• ApprovedApril2014:AWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

2.0StakeholderEngagementStakeholderengagementisakeyaspectofsuccessfulwaterstewardshipanditwasanimportantaspectoftheWRTaswell.TheAWSWRTwasdesignedtoengagemultiplestakeholderstobuildconsensusaboutwhichimpactstoaddress,howtoaddressthem,andtowhatlevels.WhiletheISDCwillrepresentarangeofstakeholdergroupsandperspectives(includingbusinesses,waterserviceproviders,publicsectoragencies,andcivilsocietyorganizations),theAWSwishestomakeitclearthatanyonecanparticipateintheAWSWRTprocess.Ifkeystakeholdergroupsarenotwell-representedintheAWSWRT,theAWSwillproactivelyencourageparticipationfromthosegroups.

Ultimately,AWSrecognizesthattheWRTisunlikelytocompletelyfulfileverystakeholder’sexpectations.However,itmustensurethatabroadarrayofperspectivescontributedtothedevelopmentoftheStandard.Inmanyways,theISDC’sroleistolistenanddigestthefeedbackgivenbymanyanddistilthatfeedbackintoastandardthatmeetstheultimateaimsofwaterstewardship:toreducecumulativeimpactsatthewatershedlevelandensurethatwateruseissociallybeneficial,environmentallyresponsibleandeconomicallysustainable.

Detailsforhowstakeholdersweretobemapped,engaged,andconsultedwereincludedintheAWSWRTProcessDocumentpages30-31,50-52:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

StakeholderMapping–5.3.1baseline,5.3.2improvementAWSmappeditsstakeholdersinFall2011.Weidentifiedstakeholdersacrossthreebroadgroupsofbusinessandwaterserviceproviders,civilsocietyandpublicsectoragencies:

1. BusinessesandwaterserviceprovidersareanticipatedtobethemainimplementersoftheAWSStandard,andthereforearekeystakeholders.SupportfromthisgroupiscriticalsincetheirvoluntaryimplementationoftheStandardwilldictatetheuptakeoftheprogram.Businesseswillgainvaluebyreducingtheirwater-relatedbusinessrisksandaccessingnewopportunities.ForallIWSSusers,theGlobalIndustryClassificationStandard(GICS)2willbeusedtodetermineappropriateinclusion,andallfor-profitentities,aswellasanypubliclycontrolledentitiesrunasbusinesses(i.e.,publicwaterserviceproviders)willbeplacedinthisgroup.Thisstakeholdergroupcapturesbusinessinterests,alongwithfarmers,tradeassociations,andotherdirectimplementersoftheIWSS.

2. Giventhatwaterisapublicresource,itiscriticalthatpublicsectoragencieshaveasignificanthandindevelopingtheAWSStandard,whichmustcomplementregulatoryapproaches.Theachievementofwatershedlevelgoalsiscriticallydependentonpublicsectorengagement,andontheenablingenvironmentthatthoseorganizationsaimtocreate.Ofparticularnotearelandandwatermanagers(e.g.,protectedareamanagers)whoplayakeyroleinmaintaininghighqualitywatersuppliestoomanytownsandcities(andtoindustrieslocateddownstream).Allgovernment-relatedentitiesnotrepresentedinthebusinessandwaterserviceproviderstakeholdergroupwillfallinthisgroup,including,for

2 See www.mscibarra.com/products/indices/gics/.

example,intergovernmentalagencies,riverbasincommissions,multilateralagencies,UNorganizationsandlocalauthorities.

3. Civilsocietyorganizationshavelongadvocatedforsocial,cultural,healthandenvironmentalimpacts,andareacriticalvoicetoincludeinsuchaprocess.ItisthroughcivilsocietyendorsementoftheAWSStandardandoutcomesthatthesystemwillachievecredibilitywiththepublicinrelationtoitssocialandenvironmentalclaims.Tobeincludedinthisstakeholdergroup,anentitymustbenon-profit(charity)anditsmissionmustencompassasocialorenvironmentalmandate.Thisstakeholdergroupwillalsoincludecommunity-basedgroups,indigenousgroupsandwomen’srightsgroups.

Further,thesegroupswerebrokendownintosectorsnotedintheAWSStakeholderSectorOutlinebelow.ThosehighlightedinbluerepresenthighprioritystakeholderswithdetailsandrationalesoutlinedinAppendixA.

AWSStakeholderSectorOutline

HighprioritygroupsOtherprioritygroups

Businesses and Water Service Providers

Agriculture (including horticulture, livestock and ranching, and aquaculture) Mining (and metals manufacturing) Forestry (and paper and forest products) Packaged Foods and Meats Chemicals Beverage Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels Manufacturing (other) IT/Tech Retail (grocery and apparel) Tourism Health Care Financial Institutions (non-public sector agencies) Building and Business Services Private and Public Water Supply and Sanitation Utilities Private and Public Hydropower and Energy Utilities Regional and Basin Water Management (private)

Public Sector Agencies

Regional and Basin Water Management (public) National Government Water Agencies Multilateral Organizations Government Funders Multilateral Banks Academia and Public Research Institutions

Civil Society Organizations

Social, Humanitarian, and Health (human-based) NGOs Environmental (nature-based) NGOs Indigenous Groups Existing Commodity Standard Social Enterprises (e.g., ISEAL members.) Foundations Certification Organizations (such as ISEAL)

• Individualstakeholdersinthesegroupsareidentifiedbyoneormoreofthefollowingcharacteristics:

o Thosewithanexplicitinterestinwaterstewardship,orwaterresource-relatedissues

o Thosethatmayfaceacutebusinessriskfromeithertheiraccesstooraffiliationwithpoor-qualityfreshwaterresources

o Thosethathavebeenorrepresentthosethathavebeenhistoricallymarginalizedfrominclusioninwaterresourceplanningand/ormanagement

o Thosewhoseprimaryobjectivesoverlapwithwaterstewardship,i.e.commoditystandards,reportinginitiatives,wateraccountingmethodologiesetc.

• Wemappedindividualstakeholders’characteristicstoshowtheirstakeholdergroup,geographicpresence,primarytypeofinteractionwithwater,potentialexposuretowaterrisk,abilitytoinfluencechangeinternallyandexternally,andwillingnesstoengage

• Onceweanalysedthestakeholdersbasedonthisoutline,wecreatedaninternaloutreachstrategyandaccordinglycontactedstakeholderseitherthroughexistingcontactsorthroughsecondaryconnectionsviaemail.Theywereinvitedtoparticipateinavarietyofwebinars,in-personregionalmeetings,commentperiods,andselectedfocusgroups.

• StakeholderswereencouragedtoparticipateinpubliccommentperiodsthroughannouncementsintheAWSandpartnernewsletters,websitesandlist-serves.Simpleonlinecommentforms(surveymonkeyforallroundsoffeedback)werecreatedthatallowedforanonymousparticipationandemailedresponseswereacceptedaswell.ArchivedcallsforparticipationcanbefoundintheAWSnewslettershere:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/news.html

• CommentswerethensynthesizedintothematicareasandgiventotheISDCforconsideration.FullcommentswerealsoprovidedtotheISDC.

Publicsummary–Whatinformationisprovidedtostakeholdersaboutthestandardsdevelopmentprocess(5.2.1baseline)

PreliminaryinformationonhowstakeholderscouldparticipateintheWaterRoundtablewasprovidedtothepublicatthebeginningofthestandardssettingprocess.Astimelinesbecamemoresolid,theseamendmentswerepresentedtothepublicthroughtheAWSnewsletter,websiteandthroughconcertedoutreachefforts(mostlypersonalizedemailsorthrougheventpresentations).

• AWSWaterRoundtableProcessDocumentpages30-34and50-52.http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

Publicsummary-forrecentorcurrentstandardsdevelopmentactivity(5.2.1baseline)

AWSusestheAWSwebsite,newslettersandlist-servestodisseminateinformationonrecentstandardsdevelopmentactivity,includinghowtoparticipateanditemswherestakeholderfeedbackwouldbemostwelcome.

• PublicreportsoftheISDCdiscussionsandnextstepshavebeenmadepublicontheAWSwebsiteandasummaryaresentoutonourbimonthlynewsletters.Theyarearchivedonourwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/news.html

• PublicsummariesfromtheWRTpublicconsultations(includingthematictopicsandISDCresponses)canbefoundontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable

Complaintsresolutionmechanism(4.4.1baseline)Allcomments(includingcomplaints)werebroughttotheISDCasoutlinedintheWRTProcessDocument.LingeringcomplaintsoftheprocessweretobebroughttotheAWSBoardforresolution.WRTProcessDocumentpages30-34,42http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

TheAWSComments,ComplaintsandAppealsProcedureisindraftformandsubmittedwiththisdocumentforfeedbackfromISEAL,priortoAWSBoardapproval.

3.0StandardsDevelopmentStandard-Settingprocedures(4.2.1baseline)AnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.Thisdocumentwillguideallfuturestandardsdevelopment,reviewandrevisionprocesses.

TheAWSoutlinedthestandard-settingprocedureintheWRTProcessDocumentandpostedonlineherehttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf.Thisdocumentincludesinformationonstakeholderidentification,ISDCformulation,decisionmakingprocesses,approval,andsystemprocesses.

TheoverallWRTproceduresareillustratedinthefollowingdiagram:

WRTdecisionmakingprocess(5.9.1baseline)The AWS Standard Development Procedure is in draft and submitted at this stage for comment, prior to the approval of the AWS Board later this year.WithintheWaterRoundtableprocess,thekeydecisionpointsandthoseresponsibleare:• AWS-developstheWRTProcessDocument• AWS-developstheToRfortheWRTandfortheISDC• AWS-determinestheISDCmembersthroughapublicallyvettednominationprocess• ISDC-acceptsToRforWRTandISDC• ISDC-developsdraftstandardsthatmettheToRsandincorporatepublicandfield-level

feedback• AWSandISDC-collaboratetoensureToRswillbemet• ISDC-finalizestheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0• AWS-determinesifISDCmettheToRs• AWS-ifToRsmet,acceptstheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0

• AWS-releasestheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0forfullimplementation

ThisrelationshipbetweentheAWSandISDCisoutlinedinSection3oftheWRTProcessDocument,page32http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf• DecisionmakingwithintheISDCisdrivenbyconsensusandisoutlinedintheISDCToR,page

4:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS_ISDC-Terms_of_Reference.pdf

• DecisionmakingwithinthelargerWRTprocessisalsodrivenbyconsensus(asitrelatesto

theISDC)withcomplaintmechanismsoutlinedintheWRTProcessDocument,page42:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

Howbalanceofinterestsismaintainedinconsultationandindecision-making(5.5.1baseline)

Ensuringabalanceofinterestsinconsultationandindecision-makingwasextremelyimportanttoAWS.

IndecisionmakingTheInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommitteewascomprisedof15individualsrepresentingthethreestakeholdergroupsandeightgeographicregions.Thedivisionoftheseregionswasbaseduponanaverageofthreefactors:population(toreflectsocialconsiderations),grossdomesticproduct(economicconsiderations)andarea(environmentalconsiderations).

The15individuals(5individualsfromeachstakeholdergroup,with1-3fromeachregion)controlledwhatwasacceptedandrejectedintheAWSStandard.ThevariabilityinnumberofindividualsfromanygivenregionexiststoallowforsomeflexibilityinfillingthepositionsontheISDC.

Thefinal,publicallyvetted,ISDCmembersoftheWaterRoundtableareoutlinedinthetablebelow“MatrixofISDCMembers”.EachISDCmemberhasexpertiseinoneormorehighprioritystakeholdersubsectors(seeAppendixA)andinoneormorestakeholdergroups.

IfatanytimeanISDCmemberorstakeholderindicatedtheWRTshouldhavemoreengagementwithaparticularstakeholdergroup,aconcertedeffortandnewengagementstrategywasemployed.ThiscameintoplaywhenstakeholdersindicatedtheirconcernthatWASH(water,sanitationandhygiene)issuesmaynotbeappropriatelyincorporatedintothefinalStandard.Afterthisissuewasraised,theAWSorganizedawebinarseriesforWASHprofessionalstogiveinput,highlighteditasaprioritytorecordlearninginBetatests,andsoughtinputfromleadorganizationsinWASH.

ThisstructurehelpstoensureabalanceofinterestsamongstthevariousgroupsinvolvedinthecreationoftheIWSS.

• MoreinformationisavailableintheWRTProcessDocument,pages35-43:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

• MoreinformationoneachISDCmemberisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable

MatrixofISDCmembers: BWSP CSO PSA

Africa

PeterCookey(EarthWatchResearchInstitute,Nigeria)

GerphasOpondo(AfricanNetworkforEnvironmentalComplianceandEnforcement,Kenya)

AsiaPacific

JohnLangford(UniversityofMelbourne,Uniwater,Australia),MatildaPark(NationalInstituteforDisasterPrevention,SouthKorea)

Centraland

WesternAsia

ImaneAbdelAl(AssociationoftheFriendsofIbrahimAbdelAl,AFIAL,Lebanon)

Europe

MarcoMensink(ConfederationofEuropeanPaperIndustries,CEPI,Belgium);CarloGalli(Nestle,Switzerland)

LeshaWitmer(WomenforWaterPartnership,Netherlands)

Americaand

Caribbean

MaureenBallesteroVargas(GlobalWaterPartnership,CostaRica)

AxelDourojeanni(FundacionChile,Chile)

NorthAmerica

EdPinero(VeoliaWaterNorthAmerica,USA)PeterRuffier(CleanWaterServices,USA)

NorthernAsia

HaoXin(GreenZhejian/HangzhouEco-CultureAssociation,China)

SouthAsia

SanjibBezbaroa(ITCCorporation,India)

ShahidAhmad(PakistanAgriculturalResearchCouncil,Pakistan)

BLUEdenotesfemale,GREENdenotesmale

InpublicconsultationStepsinthepublicconsultationprocess(5.6.1,5.7.1,5.8.1baseline)

StepsinthepublicconsultationprocesswerelaidoutinWRTProcessDocumentandanyamendmentswerecommunicatedontheAWSwebsiteandinnewsletters.Thetablebelowtitled“InternationalMajorMilestones”outlinesthemajormilestonesintheAWSStandarddevelopmentprocess.

• Thosethatfeaturedstrongpublicconsultationarebolded.

Inadditiontothesemilestones,AWSorganizedorparticipatedinover50stakeholderengagementinternationalandregionaleventsbetween2011and2013.Keyregionalpublicconsultationsareorganizedbyregionbelowinthetabletitled“RegionalStakeholderEngagementSummary”.Withintheseinteractions,aconcertedeffortwasmadetoengageavarietyofregionsandprioritysectors.

• TheoriginalprocessoutlineforpublicconsultationintheWRTcanbefoundintheWaterRoundtableProcessDocument,page33:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

Internationalmajormilestones:Date Event

June2010FirstRoundtablemeeting-Brussels,Belgium–85internationalparticipants

January–February2011 PublicConsultation–45day-WRTProcessDocument

February–April2011 ISDCnominationperiod

April2011 PublicConsultation-15day-ISDCmembernominees

April2011 ISDCmembersfinalized

April2011 WRTProcessDocumentFinalized

June2011 1stISDCmeeting,Colombo,SriLanka

October2011 2ndISDCmeeting,Milwaukee,USA

January2012 3rdISDCmeeting,Melbourne,Australia

March2012 FirstDraftIWSSreleased

March-July2012 FirstPublicCommentPeriod-90day-FirstDraftIWSS

May2012 Stakeholderengagementwebinarseries

June2012 4thISDCmeeting,MexicoCity,Mexico

Formermembers: MaJun(InstituteofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairs,China,CSO)

ChaudhryRiazAhmadKhan(MinistryofEnvironment,Pakistan,PSA)

August2012DesktopstudiesofFirstDraftIWSSinNorthAmerica,LAC,NorthAsiaandAsiaPacific

October2012 5thISDCmeeting,Dubai,UAE

February2013 6thISDCmeeting,Brussels,Belgium

March2013 BetaIWSSreleased

March–December2013

SecondPublicCommentPeriod–9month-BetaIWSS

March-December2013 BetaIWSStests-12sitesin4regions

October-December2013

Stakeholderengagementwebinarseries

February2014 7thISDCmeeting,Paris,France

March2014 AWSdeterminesWRTandISDCTermsofReferencehavebeenmet

April2014 FinalAWSStandardreleasedforimplementation

Regionalstakeholderengagementsummary

Africa-StakeholderengagementinAfricawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreachandthroughtheAWSBetatestsinSouthAfrica.Eventsincluded:

• December2011–Presentationandstakeholderfeedback,LakeNaivashaWorkshop,Kenya

• November2012–Presentationandstakeholderfeedback,SouthAfrica

• May2013-Stakeholderworkshop,CollectiveActionConference,DaresSalaam,Tanzania

• June2013-February2014–StakeholderengagementaspartofBetatestinginSouthAfrica.Reportsforthcoming

• 2013–KeyBetatestsite

AsiaPacific-StakeholderengagementinAsiaPacificwasprimarilyorganizedbyaregionalpartnerandAWSBoardOrganizationbasedinAustralia:WaterStewardshipAustralia(http://waterstewardship.org.au/about-wsa/history/forpastpublicconsultations,tests,anddesktopreviewsofdraftstandardsinAustralia).

• February2012–Stakeholderworkshop,inconjunctionwithWRTISDCmeeting,Melbourne,Australia

• April2012–Presentationandfeedbackfromstakeholders,Jakarta,Indonesia

• 2013–DraftStandardtestedatDairyinMurray-DarlingBasin,Australiahttp://waterstewardship.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Tatura-Milk-Field-Trial-Final-Report.pdf

• March2013-Stakeholderworkshop,AsiaWaterWeek,Manila,Philippines

• September2013-Stakeholderworkshop,InternationalRiversSymposium,Brisbane,

Australia

CentralandWesternAsia-StakeholderengagementinCentral/WesternAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreach.

• October2012–Initialstakeholderfeedbackinconcertwiththe5thISDCmeeting,Dubai,UAE

Europe-StakeholderengagementinEuropewasprimarilyorganizedbyregionalpartnerandAWSBoardOrganizationbasedinEurope:EuropeanWaterPartnership(http://www.ewp.eu/activities/ews/stewardship/our-journe/forpastpublicconsultationsonwaterstewardshipinEurope)

• June2010-FirstRoundtablemeeting-Brussels,Belgium

• October2012–StakeholderengagementsidemeetingatINBO,Istanbul,Turkey

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean-AWShadseveralstakeholderparticipationeventsinLACregion.TheywerecoordinatedbyAWSRegionalInitiativeAWS-LACandincluded:

• May2011–AWS-RegionalInitiativeforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(AWS-LAC)Stakehlderworkshop,SanJose,CostaRica

• June2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Chile

• July2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Santiago,MexicoCity,Mexico

• August2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Cuenca,Ecuador

• November2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,SaoPaolo,Brazil

• November2011-AWS-LAC,2ndAWS-LACRegionalForum,Monterrey,Mexico

• June2012–AWS-LAC,3rdRegionalForum,Medellin,Colombia

• June2012-Presentationandfeedbackfromstakeholders,CorporateSustainabilityForum,Rio+20,Brazil

• June2012–Stakeholderpresentationandfeedbackinconjuntionwith4thISDCmeeting,MexicoCity,Mexico

• March2013-Stakeholderworkshop,LatinAmericaWaterWeek,VinadelMar,Chile

NorthAmerica-AWShadseveralstakeholderparticipationeventsintheNorthAmericanregion.TheywerecoordinatedbyAWSRegionalInitative,AWS-NARI,andincluded:

• October2011–1stAWSNorthAmericaPublicMeeting,Milwaukee,Wisconsin

• May2012–2ndAWSNorthAmericaPublicMeeting,Washington,DC

• June2012–Publicmeeting,Toronto,Ontario

• October2012-AWSPartnerForum,Milwaukee,WI,USA

• 2013–MultipleKeyBetatestsites

NorthAsia-StakeholderengagementinNorthAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-one

outreachandthroughAWSBetatestinginChina.Additionaleventsincluded:

• April2011–WaterStewardshipDialogue,Corporatesub-forumandwaterstewardshiproundtableatthe4thYangtzeForum,Nanjing,China

• January2012-WaterStewardshipDialogue,stakeholderworkshop,Beijing,China

SouthAsia–StakeholderengagementinSouthAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreachandthroughAWSBetatestinginIndia.Eventsincluded:

• October2012-Stakeholderworkshop,Delhi,India

• December2013-Stakeholderworkshop,Delhi,India

Howcommentsaretakenintoaccount(5.8.1baseline)CommentsreceivedfromtheFirstDraftIWSSandBetaIWSSpublicconsultationswerecollectedandconsolidatedforconsiderationbytheISDCatfacetofaceandtelephonicmeetings.CommentswerepresentedtotheISDCintheirentirety(anonymizedwhererequested)andalsosummarizedintothematicareas.TheISDCwasalsoabletoreceivedirectfeedbackfromthoseengagedindesktoptestsandBetatestsatISDCmeetings.TheISDC’sresponsestothecommentsareapparentinthechangestoeachversionoftheAWSStandard-theywererecordedbyissueareaandpresentedonline.

Thisprocessisillustratedbythefollowingdiagram:

Synopsisofhowcommentsweretakenintoaccount(5.8.2baseline)Foreachpublicconsultationperiod,theISDChassynthesizedcommentsintothematicissuesandprovidedresponsesbasedonthosethematicissues.Belowasynopsisofpublicconsultationparticipation,commentthematicissuesandISDCresponseshavebeenprovidedforbothconsultationperiods.

FurtherinformationregardingpublicconsultationisavailableintheWRTProcessDocumentpage51:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

Firstpublicconsultationperiodstakeholderbreakdown-FirstDraftIWSSSummaryandFullversionsoftheFirstDraftIWSSisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable• Feedback400stakeholdersin26countries(including200fromAWS-LAC'sRegionalForum

participantsand130fromAWS-NA'sregionalstakeholdermeetings)

o 40%fromtheBusinessandWaterServiceProviders

o 38%fromCivilSociety

o 22%fromPublicSectorAgencies

• 67uniquecommentsubmissions(detailsintablesbelow)

SectorBreakdown RegionalBreakdownBusiness/WSP 31 Africa 2CivilSociety 26 AsiaPacific 6PublicSector 8 CentralandWesternAsia 1Sizeoforganization EU 22Small 25 LAC 3Medium 14 NorthAmerica 23Large 26 NorthAsia 7 SouthAsia 1GroupedSubSectors SubmissionsNGO-Conservation,Environmental 12ForestProducts,PulpandPaper 9Agriculture,Horticulture,Irrigation,Food 8Academia,Research,Consulting 5Finance,Economics,Investors,Disclosure 5Industry,technology,chemical,plastics 5PSA-Environmental 5Beverage 4Certification,Standards,Auditors 4NGO-Industry 4Individual 2MiningandMetals 2Energy 1PSA-Aid 1

FeedbackRegardingFirstDraft

The stakeholder feedbackgathered fromMarch to June,2012 indicated somegeneral themesincluding the need to simplify the Standard, clarify various terms and concepts, and provideadditionaldetails.Notably therewasadesire to furtherclarify issuessuchas importantwaterareas,areaof influence,promotersand implementers,and the requirementsbyvarious levels(i.e., core,gold,platinum).Moststakeholders feltmeeting theStandardwouldbechallenging,butthatitdidoffervalue,especiallyifsupportedbyastrategytoincentivizeanddriveuptake.

ISDCResponsetofirstpublicconsultationcommentsontheFirstDraftIWSS

SincethisfeedbackwasdiscussedinJune2012,theISDCprovidedsixshortresponsestoseveralofthekeyissuesraisedbystakeholders.TheISDChasalsoworkedtore-shapethestructureandcontentoftheStandardintoitsBetaStandardformat.TheStandardisnowbasedaround6stepswithfewercriteria(42downto33)tohelpsimplifyandstreamlinethelogicoftheStandard.Thenew format, which links to a plan-do-check-act cycle (and therefore can be integrated intoexistingenvironmentalmanagementsystems).

Secondpublicconsultationperiodstakeholderbreakdown:-BetaIWSSSummaryandFullversionsoftheBetaIWSSisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable

ThepublicconsultationperiodontheBetaStandardgenerated:

• 50participantsinfoursubject-ledteleconferences(IWRAs,StakeholderEngagement,Boundaries,WASH)

• About200individualsengagedinregionalstakeholderworkshops• TwelveBetatestsitesin4regionsprovidedfeedbackfromon-the-groundimplementation.

o 32%fromtheBusinessandWaterServiceProviders

o 42%fromCivilSociety

o 26%fromPublicSectorAgencies

• 33uniquecommentsubmissions(detailsintablesbelow)

SectorBreakdown RegionalBreakdownBusiness/WSP 9 Africa 0CivilSociety 21 AsiaPacific 1PublicSector 3 CentralandWesternAsia 0Sizeoforganization EU 4Small 9 LAC 5Medium 5 NorthAmerica 21Large 17 NorthAsia 1Other 2 SouthAsia 0

GroupedSubSectors SubmissionsNGO-Conservation,Environmental 5(consolidated-multisubmissions,same

organization)ForestProducts,PulpandPaper 3Agriculture,Horticulture,Irrigation,Food 3Academia,Research,Consulting 2Finance,Economics,Investors,Disclosure 5Industry,technology,chemical,plastics 2Retail 1Beverage 2Water/waterserviceprovider 2Public/privatepartnerships 2Individual 1MiningandMetals 1Energy 1NGO-other 1

FeedbackRegardingBetaIWSS1.VERIFICATION&IMPLEMENTATION• Concernsaboutvaryingauditorinterpretation• Concernsaroundcostofcertification• Concernsaroundpreviousdatagatheringandprovisionofcomplianceinformation• Needforstreamliningtoreduceburden/fatigueofreporting/standards• Concernsaroundcostofimplementationandimprovement• Concernsovertheamountofdatacollectionrequired• Concernsaboutdisproportionateburdenforthefirstmoverinawatershed• Concernsthatitisskewedforimplementationbylargecorporates

2.CLARITY&INTERPRETATION• Concernsoverboundaryandscopedetermination• ConcernsoverIWRAdefinitionsanddeterminations• GeneralneedtoensurethatitisclearthattheStandardshouldencouragecollaborationandnot

driveduplicationoftheroleofthepublicsector.

3.GAPS• ConcernsonthelimitedWASHandHumanRighttoWaterinclusion• Concernsontheamountandrigorofstakeholderengagement,moreguidanceisneededon

appropriateformsofengagementandexpectations.• Wouldlikemoreexamplesandguidanceingeneral;build-outofguidance• Handlingofinfrastructure• Needformoreexplicitbenefits(e.g.,financial)orriskmitigationevidencetomotivateuptake

4.LINKAGESTOOTHERINITIATIVES• Howwillother,related,effortstobeincluded/rewardedwithintheStandard?• Concernsaboutinteroperability/overlapwithotherstandardsandpublicsectorwaterefforts

5.STRUCTURE• Likethestreamlinedversion(structure)

ISDCResponsetosecondpublicconsultationcommentsontheBetaStandard

Mostsubstantivechanges:

• Changeswerenotasbigastheversion1tobeta.Revisingastandardthathasstrongacceptancealready.

• StakeholderengagementwasemphasizedthroughouttheStandard

• Importanceofsupporting(andnotduplicatingtheroleof)publicsectoragencies,policiesandgoalswasemphasizedthroughouttheStandard

• Step1wasmodifiedregardingwhosignscommitmentandcontentsofcommitment

• Step2wasre-workedinlightofstakeholdersconcernswithgreateremphasisonbenefitsandamorerobusthandlingofrisksandsharedwaterchallenges

• Indirectwaterusewasextendedtoincludeoutsourcingofwateruse

• Criterion3.2wasmodifiedtomoreexplicitlyconnectitwithothercriteriaintheStandard

• Anon-siteWater,SanitationandHygiene(WASH)criterionwasaddedtothecorerequirements

• Clarificationaroundseveralareasandtermsincluding:performance,sphereofinfluence,catchment,importantwaterrelatedareas,indirectwateruse,disclosure,stakeholderengagement

• Additionalattentiontohealth,sanitation,infrastructureisinandriskmanagement

• TheISDCrecognizestheStandardcouldbestreamlinedinthefuture,butthegrouphasconsensusonthisversionwhichwillbereleasedinApril.

• Severalchangestoadvanced-levelcriteria(additions,deletions,modifications)tocreategreaterconsistencyandreflectstakeholderinput/suggestions.

4.0StructureoftheAWSStandardThissectionoutlinesthekeycomponentsoftheapprovedAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0.

• Informationinsection4ofthisreportcanbefoundinAWSStandardv1.0pages6-12.http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

TheoryofChangeUnderlyingtheStandard

TheStandardisbaseduponalogicalsequenceofhowwaterstewardshipcanbedrivenfromsite-levelactionstoresultincatchment-levelimpacts.Thisso-calledTheoryofChange(ToC)isillustratedbelow:

The AWS Standard Theory of Change

ThisToCshowsasub-sectofalargerToCthatappliestothelargerAWSSystem.ThehigherlevelAWSToCiscurrentlybeingrefinedaspartofAWS’sMonitoringandEvaluationSystemforImpact.

StructureoftheStandardandPerformanceLevelTheStandardisorganizedaroundsixsteps,eachofwhichcontainsasetofcriteriawrittentocontributetotheultimatesetofwaterstewardshipoutcomes.Eachcriterionalsohascorrespondingindicatorsthathelpverifythatthesiteisadequatelyfulfillingeachcriterion.Thesixstepsarealsosupportedbytwokeyappendices:

1) AppendixA–GlossaryofTerms:AglossaryofkeytermsintendedtoclarifyterminologyasusedbyandunderstoodintheStandard.

2) AppendixB–AWSStandardGuidance:Organizedbystepandcriterion,theguidanceisanintegralpartoftheStandardandisintendedtoprovidegreaterclarificationanddetailabouthowthecriteriashouldbeinterpretedandimplementedandtheintentofthestep.Theguidanceisalsohelpfulforprovidingrecommendedsourcesofinformationandexamplesofpractices.

TheStandardisintendedtoencouragecontinualimprovementanddoesnotneedtobeimplementedbeginningatStep1andproceedingthroughStep6.Rather,itshouldbe

implementedassuitableforthesite’spurposesandmayindeedrequireadaptive,iterativeandnon-sequentialuseofthestepsandcriteria.

TheStandard’sstructureallowsforincreasinglevelsofperformanceinwaterstewardship,whicharerecognizedbyCore,GoldandPlatinumlevels.AttheCorelevel,allcriteriaarerequired.Attheadvancedlevels,criteriahavepointsattachedtothem,whichreflectboththedegreeofeffortrequiredandtheanticipatedimpact.TheaggregationofpointsresultsinGold-orPlatinum-levelperformance.Itisimportanttonotethathigherlevelswillalsorequirecompliancewithallcorecriteriaplusaselectnumberofpointsfromtheoptionalcriteria(seefigurebelow).MoredetailsmaybefoundintheforthcomingAWSVerificationSystem.

PointsandLevelswithintheAWSStandard

Asnotedearlier,theStandardhasthreeachievementlevels:Core,GoldandPlatinum.TheCoreAWSlevelisachievedbyconformingwithallofthecorecriteriaandupto40points,whileAWSGoldrequires40-79pointsandAWSPlatinumrequires80+points.Thereareatotalof155pointsavailablethroughouttheentireAWSStandard.

Level ConformitywithCoreCriteria

CumulativeAdvanced-LevelCriteriaPoints

AWSCore Required 0-39AWSGold Required 40-79

AWSPlatinum Required 80+

Criteria,IndicatorsandCertificationTheStandardisrootedincriteriaandindicators.ThevariouscriteriareflectactionsthatasitemustundertakeifitistoberecognizedasaresponsiblewaterstewardundertheAWSStandardsystem.Theindicators,inturn,provideevidenceofconformanceagainstanygivencriterion.Ultimately,conformancewiththecriteriaandindicatorsprovidesthebasisforcertification.ForfulldetailsontheAWSCertificationScheme,pleasevisittheAWSwebsite:www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org.

TheAWSStandard’sstepsandcontinualimprovement

SustainabilityOutcomesofWaterStewardshipTheStandardprovidesaconsistentglobalframeworkforsitestoundertakeresponsiblewaterstewardshipinamannerthatistransparentandstakeholder-inclusive.Specifically,theStandardisdesignedtoachievefourwaterstewardshipoutcomes:(1)goodwatergovernance,(2)sustainablewaterbalance,(3)goodwaterqualitystatusand(4)healthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas.Acrosstheseoutcomes,higherlevelsofperformance(AWSGoldandAWSPlatinum)showthatthesiteisachievingbestpracticeresultsanddemonstratingleadershipwithinitsindustryandcatchment.

Itisimportanttonotethatthesefouroutcomesaremostsustainablewhenachievedcollectively.Thesiteisexpectedtocontributetotheseoutcomesviaacombinationofon-sitemanagementandcollectiveactionwithothers.

Outcomesarenotintendedtobeauditableperse;rather,theyarebroad,basicandfundamentalprinciplesofwaterstewardship.

1)GoodwatergovernanceThestatewhenthepolitical,social,economicandadministrativesystemsthatareinplace,whichdirectlyorindirectlyaffecttheuse,developmentandmanagementofwaterresourcesandthedeliveryofwaterservicesatalllevelsofsociety,promotestakeholderparticipation,transparency,accountability,ruleoflaw,andequityinamannerthatiseffective,efficientandenduring,andleadstothedesiredstateofthewaterresource(s).

Thisoutcomeaddressesbothsiteandcatchmentaspectsofwatergovernance.SitewatergovernancerelatestotheproceduresandrulesestablishedwhenimplementingtheStandard,respectinglocalcustomaryrightsandcomplyingwiththeapplicableregulatoryframeworks.Theapplicableregulatoryframeworksmayincludeinternationalagreements,laws,regulations,permits,licenses,plansandpoliciesthatdeterminehowwaterisgovernedandmustbemanagedbythesiteandmayincludepolicyinstrumentsatvariouslevels,fromlocaltoglobal,asappropriate.Catchmentgovernancerelatestotheformaland/orinformalmechanismsinplacetoensurethatwaterismanagedequitablyasaresourceforalluserswithinthecatchment.Alltheseelementscanbereferredtocollectively,inthecontextoftheStandard,asthe“goodwatergovernancerequirements.”Thisoutcomealsoencouragesengagementandcollaborationwithauthoritiestostrengthenandstreamlineapplicableregulatoryframeworksandtofacilitateadequateenforcement.Lastly,governancealsolinkstoengagingothersonthesubjectsofaccesstosafedrinkingwater,sanitationandhygiene(WASH),reasonableuse,anddoing“noharm”.Goodwatergovernancehelpssitestomitigatetheirwaterrisksandplaysanimportantroleinaddressingsharedwaterchallengesthroughcollectiveactionandinclusivestakeholderinvolvement.

2)SustainablewaterbalanceThestatewhentheamountandtimingofwateruse,includingwhetherthevolumeswithdrawn,consumed,divertedandreturnedatthesiteandinthecatchmentaresustainablerelativetorenewablewatersuppliesandaremaintainingenvironmentalflowregimesandrenewableaquiferlevels.

Thisoutcomehelpsensurethatwaterusesarecompatiblewithnaturallyoccurringvolumesthroughthemitigationofphysicalwaterriskandadverseimpactsonwateravailability.Ofparticularnotewithsustainablewaterbalanceisthatboththetimingoftheflowsandvolumesoftheflowsarebalancedintermsofincomingandoutgoingwaters.Sustainabilityisdeterminedbythelong-termabilityofthesystemtomeettheallofthewaterneedsofusersinthecatchment,includingecosystems,bearinginmindclimaticshifts.

3)GoodwaterqualitystatusThestatewhenthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofwater,includingwhetherwaterqualityatthesiteandwithinthecatchment(s)meetslocal(and,whereapplicable,international)regulatoryrequirementsandisfitfortherequirementsoftherangeofbioticspeciespresentandforanyhumanneedorpurpose.

Thisoutcomehelpsensurethatwaterqualityissufficienttosupportallusesthroughthemitigationofphysicalwaterriskandreductionofadverseimpactsofpoorwaterqualityintermsoftheimpactontheeconomic,environmentalandsocialbenefitsderivedfromtheuseofwater.Assessmentofquality(i.e.,‘good’)istypicallybasedontheextentofdeviationfromreferenceconditions.‘Goodstatus’means‘slight’deviation,‘moderatestatus’means‘moderate’deviation,andsoon.4)HealthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas

Thestatewhenthespecific,environmentally,socially,culturally,oreconomicallywater-relatedareasofacatchment,whichcontributedisproportionatelytohumanwellbeing,areinahealthystate.

Thisoutcomeaddressesthespecificwater-relatedareasofacatchmentthat,ifimpairedorlost,wouldadverselyimpacttheenvironmental,social,culturaloreconomicbenefitsderivedfromthecatchmentinasignificantordisproportionatemannerandwhetherthoseareasareinastateofgoodhealth.Theseareas,whichtypicallyprovideimportantattributestowaterquantity,qualityanduses,atthesiteandwithinthecatchment(s)canincludethewaterbodyaswellastheadjacentlandfeaturestiedtothewater,suchasfloodplains,delta/wetlandareas,andaquiferrechargeordischargezones.Alsoincludedareareasofimportanceforreligious,spiritual,socialorculturalpurposes,sourcesofdrinkingwaterandareasthatprovideotherimportantecosystemservices.AchievingthisoutcomerestoresorprotectstheseImportantWater-RelatedAreasandaddressesallaspectsofwaterriskandtheadverseimpactsonareaswithculturalandecologicalimportance.Assessmentofthehealthofsuchanarea(i.e.,‘healthy’)istypicallybasedontheextentofdeviationfromreferenceconditions.‘Goodstatus’means‘slight’deviation,‘moderatestatus’means‘moderate’deviation,andsoon.

AWSStandardatthelocallevel-(6.5.1baseline)(6.4.1improvement)• WhiletheAWSStandardisgloballyapplicable,itisdesignedtobeimplementedatthesite

level.

• TheworkingassumptionisthattheStandardcanbeimplementedbyallentitiesinallsectors(publicandprivate)anywhereintheworld.

• ThisStandardappliestoanysitethatinteractswithwater(i.e.,uses,consumes,withdraws,sources,treats,supplies,divertsordischargeswaterintowaterbodies).TheStandardisintendedtoapplytoalltypesofwater.Thisincludesthefollowing:freshwater,effluent(contaminated)water,recycledwater,saltwateraffectedbyfreshwater(includingbrackishwateranddesalination),drinkingwater,groundwater(includingrenewableaquifers,waterinthevadoseandhyporheiczones,anddeeper,so-calledfossilwater),waterintheatmosphere(includingprecipitation),andsolidformsofwater(snow,ice,glaciers,etc.).

• Thesite-levelfocusisintendedtokeepeffortsmanageable.Itallowsforimpactstobetracedbacktoactions.However,waterstewardshipiscentredontherecognitionthatwaterisasharedresourceandrequirescollaborativesolutions.Therefore,theStandardrequiresthesitetoworkbeyonditsboundariesthroughengagementwithstakeholdersandwithinthecatchment(Figurebelow).

• Itisimportanttostressthatwaterstewardshipisintendedtosupportandcontributetocatchmentmanagement,notreplacesuchefforts.Forasite,answeringthequestion,“Howfardoesmystewardshipresponsibilityreach?”iscriticalandisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingwhereasitedrawsitswaterfrom,howlargethesiteis(bothintermsofwateruseandotherresources)anditscatchmentcontext(e.g.,thenumberofstakeholders,catchmentsize,surroundingsocio-economiccharacteristics).

Figure: Scope – the site and its catchment

Thesite(F)maybedrawingfromserviceprovider(H),whoisdrawingfromareservoir(I);returningflowtoanearbystream,therebyaffectingdownstreamwaterqualityandquantityfor(B)and(A);andrelyingonawetlandpurificationservices(E)(=anImportantWater-RelatedArea).Theupstreamforest’s(G)erosioncontrolmaybeimportanttothecatchmentmanagementagency(i.e.,watergovernance).Thesiteneedstotakeactionswithinthesiteandactuponprioritizedsharedwaterchallengeswithinthecatchment(e.g.,pollutionfromJ)tomitigateitswaterrisksandcreatesharedvalue.

Diagramofstructureofstandard(s)(6.2.1baseline)Thisdiagramshowsthe6stepsandcorrespondingcriteria(bothcoreandadvanced)oftheAWSStandard.FullAWSStandardv1.0availablefordownload:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

AWSCoreCriteria AWSAdvanced-LevelCriteriaSTEP1 1.1Establishaleadershipcommitment 1.3Committootherwater-relatedinitiatives

1.2Developawaterstewardshippolicy STEP2 2.1Definethephysicalscope 2.10Identifycatchment-wideissuesleadingtoimpairedwater

stewardshipoutcomes 2.2Definethesocio-economicscope 2.11Gatheradvanceddataforcriteria2.1-2.8

2.3Understandlegalandregulatoryrequirements 2.12Conductadvancedindirectwateruseevaluation

2.4Determinethesite’sandcatchment’swaterbalance 2.13Measureadditionalcontextindicators

2.5Determinesite’sandsources’waterqualitystatus 2.14Determineyourabilitytocontributetoe-flows

2.6Identifythesite’sandcatchment’sIWRAsanddescribetheirstatus 2.14Determineyourabilitytocontributetoe-flows

2.7Begintounderstandyourindirectwateruse 2.16Gatherinformationonfuturescenarios

2.8Identifycatchmentplan

2.9Analyzedatatounderstandimpactsandrisks STEP3 3.1Ensureasystemforlegalcompliance 3.4Setecologically-driventargets

3.2Createasitewaterstewardshipplan 3.5Setstakeholder-driventargets

3.3Notifycatchmentauthorityofyourplans 3.6PlanforadaptationandresilienceSTEP4 4.1Complywithlegalandregulatoryrequirements 4.7Achievestrongresultsonsitewaterbalance

4.2Maintainorimprovesitewaterbalance 4.8Achievestrongperformanceonsitewaterquality

4.3Maintainorimprovesitewaterquality 4.9RestorelostIWRAsatyoursite

4.4MaintainorimprovethestatusofIWRAslocatedatthesite

4.10Supportstrengthenedwaterstewardshipgovernanceandcapacity

4.5Participateincatchmentgovernance 4.11Contributetoindustrywater-relatedbenchmarking

4.6Driveimprovedindirectwaterusewithinyourcatchment 4.12Re-allocatesavedwater

4.13Engageincollectiveaction

4.14Drivereducedindirectwaterusethroughoutyoursupplychain

4.15Supportwaterstewardshipactionswithinyoursphereofinfluence

4.16ProtectIWRAsinyourcatchmentSTEP5

5.1Evaluateperformanceandcontextinlightofwaterstewardshipplan 5.5Conductboardlevelreviewofwaterstewardshipefforts

5.2Evaluateemergencyincidents 5.6Evaluatestakeholderperformance

5.3Consultstakeholdersonperformance

5.4Updatewaterstewardshipplan STEP6 6.1Disclosewater-relatedinternalgovernance 6.6Contributetorecognizeddisclosureframeworks

6.2Discloseannualwaterstewardshipplan 6.7Implementaprogramforwatereducation

6.3Disclosewater-relatedopportunities,risksandmitigationefforts

6.4Disclosecompliance

6.5Increaseawarenessofwaterissueswithinyoursite

Processforlocaladaptationorinterpretationofthestandard(6.5.1baseline)

TheAWSStandardwasdesignedtobeappliedinalllocationswithoutmodificationtotheStandard’ssteps,criteriaorindicators.Theguidance,however,isintendedtoprovidemorenuancedinformationtofacilitateimplementationatboththesite(withinaspecificcatchment)andsectorlevels.GuidanceintheAWSStandardcanbefoundonpages41-167:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

• LocaladaptationoftheformalAWSStandard’ssteps,criteriaandindicatorsisnotanticipated.

• Iflocaladaptationorinterpretationisdeterminednecessary,theprocesstodosowillbedeterminedbytheGeneralAssemblyandBoardofAWSinthecomingyears.

• AWS’soperationalmodelprioritizesregionalpartnersaspointsofengagement.TheregionalpartnerswilloverseedevelopmentoflocalguidancematerialandensuringAWSsupportservices(e.g.training)arecontext-relevant.

• AWSanticipateslocalizedorregionalizedimplementationandauditguidancetosupplementwhatisalreadyprovided.

• Similarto,butdistinctfrom,adaptationisoureffortsinequivalency.InEurope,AWSisworkingwithitsEuropeanPartner(EuropeanWaterPartnership)tofinalizeanequivalencyarrangementbetweentheAWSStandardandtheEurope-specificEWSStandard(http://www.ewp.eu/activities/ews/certification/).TheEWSStandardwasdevelopedayearpriortothefinalizationoftheAWSStandardandcloselyfollowstheEuropeanWaterFrameworkDirective-thelargestregulatoryframeworkforwatermanagementinEurope.

o Thisprocesswillnotedandposted,withpublicconsultationifnecessary.o Thisprocessmaybereplicatedasnecessaryifsimilarsituationsariseinthefuture.

5.0StandardsReviewandRevisionAnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.ThisincludesprovisionfortheReviewandrevisionoftheStandardandrelateddocuments.

LaunchedinApril2014,theAWSStandardwillberevisedonathree-yearbasistoensurethatitcontinuestoreflectstakeholderperspectivesandthebestglobalthinkingandpracticesinwaterstewardship.AWSStandardpage5:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

Howthestandardismadeavailable(5.10.1baseline)• TheStandardisavailableinEnglishandSpanish(additionallanguagesforthcoming),infullor

abbreviatedandsummarizedstyles,allfordownloadathttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard.

• Hardcopiesmadeavailableuponrequest.

Howstakeholderscanprovideongoinginputonthestandard(5.11.1baseline)• Stakeholderinputisalwaysacceptedandisencouraged.Contactinformationisprovided

here:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

• AWSiscurrentlyintransitiontoanewgovernanceandmembershipstructure.

o TheprocessforreviewoftheStandardsandcontactinformationforthenewprocessareexpectedinearly2016.

• Therevisionprocessdetailswillbedevelopedandmadepublicin2016ontheAWSWaterwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/

Extentofengagementwithoverlappingstandardssystemstoimproveconsistencyofstandards(6.6.1baseline)

• Giventhenatureofwater,theAWSStandardoverlapswithmanyotherstandardssystems.We’vedoneseveralstudies,oneofwhichwasincludedintheWRTProcessDocumentAppendixC,page53:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf

• AWShassincecompletedmorein-depthanalysisoftheoverlapsandhaveverygoodrelationshipswithotherstandardssystems.NowthattheAWSWaterRoundtablehascompletedtheAWSStandardv1.0,attentioncanbespentonimprovingtheconsistencywithotherstandards.

• BeforethecompletionoftheAWSStandard,AWSworkedtoimproveconsistencybyactivelyengaginginother’spubliccommentperiods,multi-stakeholderinitiatives(likeISEAL)andhaskick-startedthenextphasebysigningMOUswithothersystems(i.e.EWSdiscussedonpage28)toexploreequivalencyorotherconsistencyefforts.

• TheAWSStandardalsooverlapswithnon-standards-settinginitiatives.TheStandardoverlapswithboththeCDPandGRIreportinginitiatives.DetailsaregiveninAppendixCoftheAWSStandard,pages168-184:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard

AppendixA:StakeholderSub-GroupMapping

HighPriorityStakeholderGroups

Groupdescription Rationale

CivilSocietyOrgan

izations

Standardsgroups

Our"standardsgroups"stakeholdergroupreferstostandardsorganizations,standardsbodies,standardsdevelopingorganizationsorstandardssettingorganizationswhoseprimaryactivityistodevelop,coordinate,promulgate,revise,amend,reissue,interpret,orotherwiseproducetechnicalstandardsthatareintendedtoaddresstheneedsofsomerelativelywidebaseofaffectedadopters-inthiscase,bothdirectandindirectwaterusers.Inthiscasetheyarevoluntarystandardsorganizations.

Whileexistingstandardsmayhaveawatercomponent,theyarealmostexclusivelyfocusedoncommodityproductionoratthesite/facilitylevelonly.AWSbelievesthatwaterstewardshipshouldbeaddressedatthebasinlevelandaddressingcumulativenegativeimpactsshouldbeintegratedintoanywatercomponenttostandards.Becausemanystandardsincludewater,itiswisetostrengthentheirwatercomponentsorworktowardsmutualrecognition.

Indigenousgroups

Indigenousgroupsrefertoorganizedgroupsrepresentingindigenouspeoples(politicallyreferredtoasthoseethnicgroupsthathavehistoricaltiestogroupsthatexistedinaterritorypriortotheformationofanationstateandwhichnormallypreserveadegreeofculturalandpoliticalseparationfromthemainstreamcultureandpoliticalsystemofthenationstatewithintheborderofwhichtheindigenousgroupislocated.)

Indigenousgroupsareinourfirsttierofstakeholdergroupsaswerecognizethefactthatculturalvaluesorclaimsonfreshwaterareoftenoverlookedwhensettingstandardsandengagementearlyonmayleadtosomeinnovativeideasandwillhelpensurethatculturalneedsaremetandthattheirrightsarenotinfringedupon.

Socialhumanitarian

AsocialNGOisalegallyconstitutedorganizationthatoperatesindependentlyfromanygovernmentandfocusesonissuespertainingtohumansociety,orthewelfareofhumanbeingsasmembersofsociety.Forexample,families,health,sanitation,politicalissues,education,humanitarian

SocialandHumanitarianNGOswillprovideacriticallymissingpointofviewinthedevelopmentoftheStandard.TheywillalsobekeytogainingaccesstodataforindicatorsBWSPsmaynothaveaccessto.Lastly,theywillhelpensuretheIWSS'swillproducethepositivesocialimpactstheAWShopesfor.

issuesetc.

EnvironmentalNGOs

AnenvironmentalNGOisalegallyconstitutedorganizationthatoperatesindependentlyfromanygovernmentandfocusesonissuespertainingtotheenvironment.Forexample,conservation,species,biodiversity,sustainability,etc.

EngagementwithenvironmentalNGOswillhelpensuretheIWSS'sbaseinenvironmentalsciencewillproducethepositiveenvironmentalimpactstheAWShopesfor.

Globalassociations

Globalassociationsareorganizationswithmemberslocatedinternationallywithglobalreach.Theycanincludeglobalbusinessassociations(likeWBCSD)orglobalNGOassociations(liketheHCVnetwork)

Globalassociationsofferagoodreturnoninvestmentwherefeedbackwillfilterthroughtheassociationinsteadofrequiringindividualoutreachtomembers.

Businessesa

aterServiceProvide

Agriculture

Agricultureaccountsforroughly70%ofallwaterconsumedglobally.Tonarrowourfocuswithinrowcrops,we'refocusingonthelargestwaterusersasidentifiedthroughtheWFN.Seebelowformoreinformation.

Rowcropstakeholdermapping-ifweuseWFNcalculations-wheat(15%),Ricepaddy(13%),maize(10%)andfoddercrops(9%)accountfor47%ofglobalrowcropfootprint.Immediatelyfollowingthesefourgroupsissoybean(5%),Sugarcane(4%),SeedCotton(3%),Barley(3%),Sorghum(2%),oilpalm(2%),Coconuts(2%),Millet(2%),Coffeegreen(2%)accountforanadditional25%ofglobalrowcropfootprint.Themajorityofthissecondgroupcorrespondstoexistingproductionstandardsandtheremainderarenottradedgloballybutmaybeimportanttocaloricintakeorlocaleconomies.(Seefigure1ofReport47-WaterFootprintCrops–Volume1fromtheWaterFootprintNetwork).

Wheatisheavilysubsidizedinmanypartsoftheworld.Keyingredientinbread,cerealsandpastaproducts.Byproductsusedasathickenerinmostdriedgoods.

AWSbelievesengagingthewheatsectorwillbemostfruitfulthroughtheendofthesupplychain-throughbrands.Thereisn'tastandardforwheatproductionthathasadequatewaterstewardshipaspects.AWSPartnerorganizationhavealreadybeenapproachedbylargeinternationalstofocusonwheat-specificallyintermsofwaterrisk.WaterFootprint:1087Gm3/yr(70%green,19%blue,11%grey)

Rice,Paddy

Ricegrowninpaddiesisacerealgrainandisanintegralstaplefoodinglobally,butparticularlyinAsiaandtheMiddleEast.Third-highestworldwideproductionaccountingfor13%oftheglobalwaterfootprintforrowcrops.However,onlyabout7%ofriceharvestedistradedinternationally.

TheAWSbelievesengagingwiththeRicestakeholdergroupwillbeprimarilywithinanationalandinternationalaidcontextsandinaccordancetoitsimportancetotheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,ClimateAdaptation,FoodSecurity,waterbornediseases.RiceWaterFootprint:1673Gm3/yr(1146green,341blue,187grey)

Maize(oftenreferredtoasCorn)isastaplefoodinmanyareasoftheworldandisacommonsourceforbiofuel.Maizeaccountsfor10%oftheglobalwaterfootprintforrowcrops.Itistradedwidelyinavarietyofforms.

AWSbelievesengagingthemaizesupplychainwillbemosteffectivethroughfoodaidorganizationsandbiofuelcompanies(i.e.WorldFoodProgram,ConocoPhillips).Perhapswithlivestockandfeedsectors.WaterFootprint:1222Gm3/yr(947green,81blue,194grey)

Soybeans

Soybeanunderagriculturalrowcropgroupincludesthewholesupplychainfromproductionthroughprocessing,tradersandretailers.

Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-RTRSandRBS,primaryfeedcropforlivestock,popularwithinorganicmovement.WaterFootprint:2145Gm3/yr(2037green,70blue,37grey)

SugarCane

Importantrawmaterialforbiofuel,sweetener,beverages,andfoods.

Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-Bonsucro,RBS.Primarycropforbeveragesector.WaterFootprint:210Gm3/yr(139green,57blue,13grey)

SeedCotton

Seedcottonfortextileproductionishighlytradedinternationallywithclosetiestowell-recognizedbrands.Cottonmaterialalsousesagreatdealofwaterinthroughoutitslifecycleinwashing.

Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-BetterCottonInitiative(BCI),organic.Primaryrawmaterialforapparel.WaterFootprint:4029Gm3/yr(2282green,1306blue,440grey)

BarleyKeyingredientinbeverages,asastaplecropandinfeed.

Primarycropforalcoholicbeverages.WaterFootprint:1423Gm3/yr(1213green,79blue,131grey)

Sorghum

Sorghumisthe5thmostimportantcerealcropintheworldandisdrought/heattolerant.Usedasanadditivetofood,beveragesandasasourceoffodder/biofuel.ItisproducedintheUS,Mexico,ElSalvador,Columbia,Venezuela,Bolivia,Brazil,Argentina,France,Italy,Egypt,Sudan,Ethiopia,Kenya,Tanzania,Mozambique,SouthAfrica,Rwanda,Burundi,Uganda,Cameroon,Nigeria,Togo,Benin,Ghana,Niger,BurkinaFaso,Mali,Senegal,Yemen,SaudiArabia,Pakistan,India,Thailand,ChinaandAustralia.

WaterFootprint:3048Gm3/yr(103green,87blue,2857grey)

Coconuts

Coconutsheavilyrelyonirrigation.The61milliontonnesproducedayearareprocessedforfood,milk,oil,asfiber,craftsandasfodder/activatedcarbon.Thetop10producersarethePhilippines,Indonesia,India,Brazil,SriLanka,Thailand,Mexico,Vietnam,PapuaNewGuinea,Malaysia,Tanzania

Priorityforamountofwaterneededbutdoesnothavealotoftractionwithintheinternationalmarket.WaterFootprint:2687Gm3/yr(2669green,2blue,16grey)

Millet

Milletisanimportantcerealcrop/grain.Itisusedinfoodandasfodder.Itisextremelyimportantsourceofcalories/foodsecurityandforthosewithglutenallergies.Thetop10producersareIndia,Nigeria,China,BurkinaFaso,Mali,Sudan,Uganda,Chad,andEthiopia.

Becausemilletissowidelyproducedbutnotfortheinternationalmarket,thiscropdoesnotgetalotofattention.Itisapriorityforhumanitarianorganizations,governmentsandthoseworkingtowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.WaterFootprint:4478Gm3/yr(4306green,57blue,115grey)

Coffee,Green

Coffeestakeholdergroupcoversproductionthroughretail.Coffeeusesgreenandbluewaterforcultivation,bluewaterinprocessing(rinsing,decaffeination,steaming,roasting).Top10producersbyvolumeareBrazil,Vietnam,Colombia,Indonesia,Ethiopia,India,Mexico,Guatemala,Peru,Honduras,Coted'Ivoire,Uganda,CostaRica,Philippines,ElSalvador,Nicaragua,PapuaNewGuinea,Venezuela,Madagascar,Thailand

Coffeehasreceivedplentyofinternationalattentionforproductionandlaborpracticesandisconnectedtoestablishedstandardssystems(RainforestAlliance,UTZ,4Cetc.).Thewateraspectofthestandardsneedstobestrengthenedinordertobemeaningful.Aslabels(fairtrade,etc.)areprevalentinthecoffeeindustry,effortstoimprovethewateraspectshaveahigherchanceofbeingrecognizedandrewardedbyconsumers.WaterFootprint:15897Gm3/yr(15249green,116blue,532grey)

OilPalmFruit

Palmoilisusedascookingfuel,asanadditivesforpackagedfoodandconsumergoods,biofuel/biodiesel,bioplastics,soapandbeautyproducts,detergents,processedfoods.Cultivatedpalmoilrequiresanuninterruptedsupplyofcleanwater,particularlypre-nurseryseedlings.Top2producersareMalaysiaandIndonesia,alsoprevalentinWesternAfrica.Environmentalissuesincludeencroachmentintoprotectedareas,riparianstrips,POME.

Palmhasreceivedplentyofinternationalattentionfornegativeeffectsofinappropriateproductionpracticesandisconnectedtoestablishedstandardssystems(RSPO).Thewateraspectofthestandardsneedstobestrengthenedinordertobemeaningfulatthebasinlevel.AsPalmOilisahottopicinthemediarightnow(Greenpeacecampaigns,RSPOproductonshelves),theremaybemorewillingnesstoadapttheirpracticestoincludegoodwaterstewardship.WaterFootprint:1098Gm3/yr(1057green,0blue,40grey)

Livestock

Thelivestocksectorincludesallanimalprotein(beef,chicken,pork,andgoat)forconsumption,dairyby-productsandhides.

Thelivestocksectorlackssocialandenvironmentalstandardsbutthereareseveralgroupslookingtodevelopthem.Pressurefromgovernments,localcommunitiesandstandardsthatapplytoanimalfeedarealladdedincentivesforthissector.

Mining

Theminingstakeholdergroupcoversbothmajorsaswellasjuniorminingcompanies.Itdoesnotincludeexplorationanddevelopmentfirms,butwillincludemajorassociationssuchastheInternationalCouncilforMiningandMetals.Particularattentionwillbepaidtothosemetalandmineralcommoditiesthathaveemergentstandardsefforts(aluminum,gold,anddiamonds)aswellasthosethatarewaterintensiveandthoseinprioritywatershedsforpiloting.

Theminingsectorlackssocialandenvironmentalstandardsasawholeandisamajorinfluencerofwaterissuesatthelocallevel(employment,waterqualityissues,touseofhydroelectricpower,communitysanitationprojects,etc.).Miningandmetalcommoditiescanbehighlywaterintensive(seeMudd,2007)andthereforeisconsiderablewaterriskexposuretothissectorthusmakingitsuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.

Paper-forests

Thepulp,paperandforestproductsstakeholdergroupcoversthesupplychainfromloggerstopulpandpaperfactories.Itdoesnotcoverthedownstreamretailofpaper/timberproducts.Particularattentionwillbepaidtolargercompaniesandregionalindustryassociationsthathaveengagedinexistingcertificationschemes,aswellasthoseinprioritywatershedsforpiloting.

Notonlyareforestamajorformoflanduseinmanywatershedsaroundtheplanet(especiallyupperwatersheds)andthereforeaffecthydrologicaldynamicsofabasin,butpulpandpaperprocessingisalargewateruser(withpotentialimpactsonbothquantity/timingandquality).Inall,thisstakeholdergroupisamajorinfluencerofwaterissues(employment,waterqualityissues,touseofhydroelectricpower,communitysanitationprojects,etc.).Sometreespeciescanbehighlywaterintensive(seeWFNdata)andthereforeisconsiderablewaterriskexposuretothissectorthusmakingitsuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.

Beverage

Thebeveragesectorcoversallformsofbeverage(water,non-alcoholicandalcoholic)andalsoincludesbottlingcompaniesaswell.Itdoesnot(generally)includeretailersbutmaydoinselectcircumstances(e.g.,directsalesfromCokeorPepsi).Particularattentionwillbepaidtothosebeveragecompanieswhohaveheavilyengagedinwaterissues,AWSefforts,andcertificationschemestodate,aswellasthosewithoperationswithinprioritywatersheds

Thebeveragesectorasawholeisamongsttheleadersinthewaterstewardshipspaceandislikelytoprovideasourceofchampionsandbestpractices.Whilenotnecessarilyalargeuserpersewithinawatershedcontext,theyareoftentargetedduetotheirbrandinganddirectassociationwithwaterconsumption.Overall,itfacesconsiderablestakeholder/reputationalrisks,aswellaspotentialphysicalandregulatoryrisksandthereforeishighlysuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.

Foodcompanies

Foodcompaniesincludeprocessors,distributorsand(inselectcases)retailers.Itdoesnotincludefarmersexceptinthecaseswhereoperationsareverticallyintegratedtothislevel.

Foodcompanies,likethoseinthebeveragesector,alsofaceconsiderablerisksfromwater.TheyhaveexhibitedearlyinterestintheStandarditselfandhavebeenkeymarketdriversformanyotherStandards.BothWWFandTNChavewell-establishedrelationshipswithmanyfoodcompaniesthusallowingAWStoleveragethetrustandrelationshipsthathavebeenestablishedtodate.Foodcompaniesarealsokeysupplychainplayersabletopromoteeffortslikestandardsthroughouttheirsupplychain.

FinancialInstitutions

(FI's)

Financialinstitutionsarethoseentitiesthatprovidefinancingtocompaniesthathavewaterrelatedrisksandopportunities.Theyincludebothbanksandinvestmentfunds/companies(e.g.,pensionfunds)andcouldincludeprivateequityfirms,butdonotincludeindividualsasinvestors.

Financialinstitutionshavemuchtogainandlosebygood/poorwaterriskmitigationefforts.Accordingly,itisintheirbestinteresttonotonlyhavegoodpracticesinplace,butbeassuredofgoodpractices(viathirdpartycertification).Inturn,providing(ornotproviding)equityisapowerfulmarketdriverforcompaniestorespondtowaterstewardshipissuesandthustheyrepresentakeystakeholdergrouptoAWS.

Investors

Investorsarethoseentitiesthatprovidefundsforwaterprojectsand/orthosewhosefinancialsupportcanbeaffectedbywaterrisk.

InvestorshavepotentiallymoreleveragethanfinancialinstitutionsintermsofgettingcompaniestousetheStandard.

AllWaterServiceProviders

Waterserviceprovidersarethoseentitiesthatcontrolwaterservicesincludingwaterfiltration/purification,domesticandcommercialwater,andtheassociatedinfrastructure(pumpingstations,wastewatertreatmentplants,etc.).ThecategoryincludesbothprivateandpublicWSPsforthepurposesofthisstakeholdermappingexercise.

Waterserviceprovidersaremajorwateruserswithinvirtuallyallwatershedsonagloballevelandarekeyprovidersofcleanwater.Theirdirectinvolvementinwaterstewardship(aspartoftheirmandate)makesthemprimarystakeholdertotheAWSeffort,whetherprivateorpublic.Inmanycases,theyhavedirectcontroloverwaterquantity,qualityandevenaspectsofwatergovernanceaswell.

CertificationBodies

Certificationbodiesaretheentitiesthatactuallyassess(audit)performanceagainstastandardandissuetheverification/certification.Thecertificationbodies(orCBs)thatAWSisinterestedinwillbethird-partyaccredited(meaningtheyhaveanindependentpartyperformingqualitycontrolontheircertifications).

Certificationbodiesarekeypartsofthestandardsandcertificationecosystem.Alltoooftentheyhavenotbeenakeystakeholderinthedevelopmentofstandards,buthavetodealwiththeconsequencesofpoorlydevelopedstandards.ToensurethattheAWSStandardiswell-thoughtoutandstraightforwardtoimplement(andverify)ontheground,includingCBsintheStandarddevelopmentprocessiskey.

Thehydropowersectorincludescompaniesinvolvedinoperatinghydropowerfacilities.WhilethedesignoffacilitiescouldbelinkedtotheAWSStandard,operatorsaretheprimarytargetinthisgroupduringStandarddevelopmentperiod.Itincludesbothprivateandpublic(state-run)hydropowercompanies.

Hydropoweroperatorssignificantlyaffectwatershedfunction,includingbothqualityandquantity.Theyhaveamajorsayingovernanceissues,andareoftenheavilylinkedtowatershedmanagementasawhole.Becauseoftheirdisproportionatelylargeinfluenceonwaterstewardshipissues,theyareakeystakeholderandkeytargetfortheStandard.

Majorretailers

Retailersarethosecompaniesthatareconsumer-facingsellersofgoods(andtoalesserextentservices).Thegroupisfocusedonlarge(>$1B)retailers,ratherthansmall-to-mediumsizedretailenterprises.

Majorretailershavebeen,perhapsbarconsumersthemselves,oneofthekeyfactorsintheuptakeofsocialandenvironmentalstandardsystems(e.g.,Walmart).Theycontinuetoplayamajorroleinpromotingstandardsandhaveastronginterestinensuringgoodsocialandenvironmentalpracticesbothwithintheirfacilitiesaswellaswithintheirsupplychains.

PublicSectorA

gencies

Regionalmanagers

RegionalmanagersasastakeholdergroupunderpublicsectoragenciesarethosestateagenciesthataremandatedtomanageariverbasinorwatershedforthegovernmentoritscitizensORanorganizationthatmanagesriverbasinorwatershedwithoutdirecttiestothestate-canbemultilateral/multiplestates.Forexample,theMurray-DarlingBasinAuthority,

TheIWSSseekschangeatthebasinlevelandregionalmanagersarethosewiththedataonthehealthofthebasinandthoseproducingwithintheboundaries.However,weacknowledgethatsomebasinsaretoolargeandcrosstoomanystateborders-thereforemultipleregionalmanagersmaybeapproachedononebasin.

GovernmentAidAgencies

(GAA's)

ThisGovernmentAidAgency(GAA)stakeholdergroupreferstostateorganizedagenciesfocusedonforeignaid,developmentprojectsandfundingrelatedtotheboth.

Governmentaidisthelargestsourceofforeigninvestmentoutsideoftheprivatesectorandthereforeagreatopportunitytoinfluencehowtheproductstheyaidareproducedbuthowtheiraiddollarsarespentinfreshwaterrelatedprojects.

Governmentministries(non-aid)

Governmentministries/agenciesasastakeholdergrouprefersbothtostateorganized(nonaid)entitiesthatfocusonwaterusedirectlyorindirectly.ForexampletheUS'sdepartmentofAgricultureorEgypt’sministryofirrigation(orMinistriesofwater,irrigation,agriculture,etc.)

Theseagencies/ministrieshaveaclosertietowatermanagementandhavegreaterincentivetoimprovestewardship.Theyareidealpartnersforpilotingastheygenerallyhavestatesupportandaccesstoproducers.

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