Basic Electronics - Purdue University =๐ผ ๐ผ=๐ถ ๐‘‰ ๐‘‰= ๐ผ ๐‘˜=1๐ผ๐‘˜ ๐‘˜=1๐‘‰๐‘˜

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Image: http://www.mikroe.com/old/books/keu/01.htm

5 V

๐‘…

5 V

๐‘…

๐‘…

1st Digit 2nd Digit Multiplier Tolerance

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

10

100

1K

10K

100K

1M

10M

ยฑ 10%

ยฑ 2%

ยฑ 0.5%

ยฑ 0.25%

ยฑ 0.1%

ยฑ 5%

ยฑ 1%

Silver

Gold

m

m

m

m m

m

๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ก

Letter Code Tolerance

F 1%

G 2%

H 3%

J 5%

K 10%

M 20%

Z +80%, -20%

473K

25V

๐‘…1

๐‘…2

mm

m

Letter Code Tolerance

F 1%

G 2%

H 3%

J 5%

K 10%

M 20%

Z +80%, -20%

3R3K

๐‘…

Resistor

๐ถ

Capacitor

๐ฟ

Inductor

๐‘‰๐‘ 

๐‘‰๐‘ 

๐‘‰ = ๐ผ๐‘…

๐ผ = ๐ถ๐‘‘๐‘‰

๐‘‘๐‘ก

๐‘‰ = ๐ฟ๐‘‘๐ผ

๐‘‘๐‘ก

๐ผ๐‘˜๐‘›๐‘˜=1

๐‘‰๐‘˜๐‘›๐‘˜=1

๐‘‰ = ๐ผ๐‘…

๐‘„ = ๐ถ๐‘‰

๐ผ = ๐ถ๐‘‘๐‘‰

๐‘‘๐‘ก

๐‘‰ = ๐ฟ๐‘‘๐ผ

๐‘‘๐‘ก

๐ผ๐‘˜๐‘›๐‘˜=1

๐‘–๐‘… = ๐‘–๐ถ ๐‘–๐‘… ๐‘–๐ถ

๐‘–1 ๐‘–2

๐‘–3

๐‘–1 + ๐‘–2 + ๐‘–3 = 0

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘˜๐‘›๐‘˜=1

๐‘‰๐‘… = ๐‘‰๐ถ ๐‘‰๐ถ

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘…

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘†

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘…

+

โˆ’

๐‘–

โˆ’๐‘‰๐‘† + ๐‘‰๐‘… = 0

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘–๐‘›

๐‘‰๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ก

๐‘…2

๐‘…1๐‘–๐ถ

๐‘‰๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ก =๐‘…2

๐‘…1 + ๐‘…2 ๐‘‰๐‘–๐‘›

โ€ข ๐‘‰๐‘ โ€ข ๐‘‰๐ถ

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘†

R = 10k C = 5uF

๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ก

๐‘‰๐‘  ๐‘‰๐‘… ๐‘‰๐ถ

โˆ’๐‘‰๐‘† + ๐‘‰๐‘… + ๐‘‰๐ถ = 0 โ‡’ ๐‘‰๐‘… = ๐‘‰๐‘† โˆ’ ๐‘‰๐ถ

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘†

R = 10k C = 5uF

๐‘‰๐‘… + โˆ’ ๐‘‰๐‘ + โˆ’

๐‘–

๐‘‰๐‘  โˆ’ ๐‘‰๐‘๐‘…

= ๐‘–๐‘Ÿ = ๐‘–๐‘ = ๐ถ๐‘‘๐‘‰๐‘๐‘‘๐‘ก

+

โˆ’

๐‘‰๐‘†

R = 10k C = 5uF

๐‘‰๐‘… + โˆ’ ๐‘‰๐‘ + โˆ’

๐‘–

๐‘‰๐‘  โˆ’ ๐‘‰๐‘๐‘…

= ๐ถ๐‘‘๐‘‰๐‘๐‘‘๐‘ก

๐‘‰๐‘  = ๐‘…๐ถ๐‘‘๐‘‰๐‘๐‘‘๐‘ก

+ ๐‘‰๐‘

(๐‘…๐ถ)๐‘‰ ๐ถ + ๐‘‰๐ถ = ๐‘‰๐‘ 

๐œ๐‘ฅ + ๐‘ฅ = ๐พ๐‘ฆ

๐œ๐‘ฅ + ๐‘ฅ = ๐พ๐‘ฆ:

โ€ข

๐œ”๐‘๐‘œ =1

๐œ=

1

๐‘…๐ถโ€ข

๐บ ๐‘—๐œ” =๐พ

1 + ๐œ”๐œ 2=

1

1 + ๐œ”๐‘…๐ถ 2

โ€ข

โˆ ๐บ ๐‘—๐œ” = โˆ’ tanโˆ’1 ๐œ”๐œ = โˆ’ tanโˆ’1(๐œ”๐‘…๐ถ)

๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘› ๐‘ฃ๐‘œ๐‘ข๐‘ก

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