BIO 137 Human Anatomy and Physiology I CYTOLOGY LAB

BIO 137

Human Anatomy and

Physiology I

CYTOLOGY LAB

MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D.

BIO 137 CYTOLOGY LAB

• STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A

TYPICAL HUMAN CELL

• MICROSCOPY STUDY

• SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

IN HUMAN CELLS

• THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE CELL

• OSMOSIS WITH RED BLOOD

Cytology: The Microscopic Study of Cells

• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

• Human cells are composed of four major parts:

–Nucleus

–Cell Membrane

–Cytoplasmic Organelles

–Cytoplasm

human cell

1. Mitochondrion

2. Golgi Body

3. Smooth

endoplasmic

reticulum

4. Centrosome/

centrioles

5. Rough

endoplasmic

reticulum with

ribosomes

6. Nucleolus

7. Nuclear

envelope with

nuclear pores

8. Nucleoplasm

with chromatin

9. Free ribosomes

10.Cell membrane

11.Cytoplasm

12. Lysosome

For each cell structure,

you should be able to:

• Identify the structure on a

diagram or model

• Describe the structure of the

cell part

• Name the function of each

cell part

MICROSCOPY

STUDY (See handout)

MICROSCOPY STUDY • LIGHT MICROSCOPY

– USES LIGHT AS SOURCE

– TISSUES ARE STAINED WITH PINK AND PURPLE DYES

– IMAGES ARE MAGNIFIED UP TO 1000X

• SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY – USES ELECTRONS AS SOURCE

– ELECTRONS ARE SCANNED OVER SPECIMEN

– THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PRODUCED

– IMAGES ARE USUALLY MAGNIFIED THOUSANDS OF TIMES

• TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY – USES ELECTRONS AS SOURCE

– ELECTRONS ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH SPECIMEN

– TWO DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PRODUCED

– IMAGES CAN BE MAGNIFIED UP TO A MILLION TIMES

Please note that a photo taken

with a microscope is called a

MICROGRAPH

LIGHT MICROGRAPH (LM)

SCANNING ELECTRON

MICROGRAPH (SEM)

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON

MICROGRAPH (TEM)

PRACTICE RECOGNIZING DIFFERENT

TYPES OF MICROGRAPHS

• Complete the exercise on page 2 of the

microscopy study

– Look up figures listed in your textbook

– Note what the structure is, what type of

micrograph it is, and the magnification if

– A key will be posted to my webpage

BIO 137

STUDY OF HUMAN

Cells have different shapes

different sizes,

and different organelle

composition

because they have different

functions.

The size of average human

cells ranges from 10µ - 100µ.

The human cell types studied in

BIO 137 Cytology lab include:

Squamous Epithelial Cells

Smooth Muscle Cells

Red Blood Cells

The light micrographs included in this presentation

were taken using the same slides that you’ll be using in lab.

For each slide studied in this lab,

you should:

• Draw a sketch of typical cells in your

handout illustrating the organelles that

are visible (and/or lacking).

• Describe the shape of the cell.

• Estimate the size of the cell (HP field

diameter is 500µ)

– Diameter

– Length

– Width

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS –LOW POWER LM

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS - HIGH POWER LM

Sketch of squamous epithelial cells

(high power)

Sketch of squamous epithelial cells

(high power)

• Describe shape of cells.

– ____________________________________

• What organelles are visible?

– ____________________________________

• Estimate the diameter of the cells. ______µ

• Function? ________________________

• Location? ________________________

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS-

OIL IMMERSION LM

TEASED SMOOTH

MUSCLE CELLS

TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE- LOW POWER LM

TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE-

HIGH POWER LM

Sketch of teased smooth muscle cells

(high power)

Sketch of teased smooth muscle cells

(high power)

• Describe shape of cells. – ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

• What organelles are visible? – ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

• Estimate the length and width of the cells. Length = ______µ; Width = _______ µ

• Function? ________________________

• Location? ________________________

TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE-

OIL IMMERSION LM

SPERM CELLS

SPERM-OIL IMMERSION- LM

Sketch of sperm cells

(high power)

Sketch of sperm cells

(high power)

– ____________________________________

• Estimate the length of the cells. ______µ

• Function? _________________________

• Location? _________________________

OF SPERM CELLS

RED BLOOD CELLS:

ERYTHROCYTES

HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR- HIGH POWER LM

Sketch of red blood cells

(high power)

Sketch of red blood cells

(high power)

– ____________________________________

• Estimate the diameter of the cells. ______µ

• Function? ________________________

• Location? ________________________

HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR-OIL IMMERSION LM

THE LIFE CYCLE

OF THE CELL

TEMs 360X

TO STUDY THE PHASES OF THE

CELL CYCLE

• You will be using slides of whitefish blastula

• On each slide, there are several blastula (stained pink).

• When you have located a blastula using scanning and low power, then increase to high power to observe cells in various stages of mitosis.

– Note that most of the cells are in interphase

MITOTIC PHASES-HIGH POWER LM

(Most cells are in Interphase)

PROPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM

METAPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM

ANAPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM

TELOPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM

BIO 137 CYTOLOGY LAB

• STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A

TYPICAL HUMAN CELL

• MICROSCOPY STUDY

• SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

IN HUMAN CELLS

• THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE CELL

• OSMOSIS WITH RED BLOOD

In lab we will study

• Osmosis

– Working in groups of three, each student

will make a wet mount slide with red blood

cells in one of the solutions below:

• Hypertonic (10%)

• Isotonic (0.9%)

• Hypotonic (distilled water; 0%)

• Observe cells under high power and write

down observations for each

Fig. 3.25

Isotonic (0.9% solute)

Hypertonic (>0.9% solute)

Hypotonic (0.9%solute)

Sketches of your rbc slides

Let’s take a practice quiz.

Name the cell part.

NAME THE PALE PINK DISCS IN

THIS FIELD

Red blood cells (erythrocytes).

LM, SEM, TEM?

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON

MICROGRAPH (TEM)

Name the cells.

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS

Are these LMs, SEMs, or TEMs?

Name the phase.

ANAPHASE

1. ____________

2. ____________

3. ____________

____________

4. ____________

____________

5. ____________

____________

with _________

6. ____________

7. ____________

____________

_____________

8. _____________

with _________

9. Free _________

10.______________

11.______________

12. ______________

1. Mitochondrion

2. Golgi Body

3. Smooth

endoplasmic

reticulum

4. Centrosome/

centrioles

5. Rough

endoplasmic

reticulum with

ribosomes

6. Nucleolus

7. Nuclear

envelope with

nuclear pores

8. Nucleoplasm

with chromatin

9. Free ribosomes

10.Cell membrane

11.Cytoplasm

12. Lysosome

BIO 137 Human Anatomy and Physiology I CYTOLOGY LAB

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