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Bio-organic molecules
1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. nucleic acids
Protein function based on gene analysis
Somatic cells are diploid
Chromosome 4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/SCIENCE96/chr?4
Huntington’sDiseaseautosomal dominant
Ellis van CreveldSyndromeautosomalrecessive
DNA
protein
Transcription
Translation
Protein binding1. specificity
2. affinity
3. saturation
4. competition
A + B C + D
+ 7 kcal/mol + H+
Energy is stored in chemical bonds
Energy is stored in chemical bonds
Enzyme substrate interactions
1. specificity
2. affinity
3. saturation
4. competition
M.R. Redinbo et al. (1998) Science 279: 1504
Enzyme: Topoisomerase I
Reaction rates
What happens when you increase the amount of enzyme?
What happens when you increasethe amount of substrate?
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