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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Biofuels:a tool for conservation?
CSD15 side event2nd May 2007
Convened by:
In partnership with:
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Welcome and overviewAndrea Athanas
Senior Programme OfficerEnergy, Ecosystems and Livelihoods Initiative
World Conservation Union (IUCN)andrea.athanas@iucn.org
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Which energy future?
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Biofuels are promoted for many reasons
• Energy security/independence from foreign sources• Support for farmers and promote rural development• Reduction of GHG emissions, and other pollutants
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
What are biofuels?• Bioenergy – biomass systems (woody, non-woody or
organic waste) that produce heat and/or electricity. • Biofuels – liquid fuels derived from biomass that can be
used for transport or heating purposes – bioethanol – produced from crops such as sugarcane,
sugarbeet, corn, wheat and barley – biodiesel – produced from seeds such as palm, jatropha,
rapeseed, sunflower and soy
• “First generation” biofuels – produced from agricultural crops
• “Second generation” biofuels – produced from agricultural waste, wood and grasses
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
World fuel ethanol production
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Barley Wheat Corn Sugar beet Sugarcane
Soybean Castorbeans
Sunflowerseed
Rapeseed Jatropha Palm oil
Lite
rs p
er H
ecta
re
Source: Fulton et al.
Ethanol Feedstock
Biodiesel Feedstock
Biofuel yields of selected ethanol and biodiesel feedstock
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Greenhouse gas reductions
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
It all depends!• Careful planning with social and
environmental considerations
• Role for CSD – creating rightenabling environmental for sustainable biofuels
• Linkages: CSD12/13, CSD16/17, CBD/Ramsar, UNFCCC, UNCCD, WTO, etc.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Biofuels and landscapes – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Jatropha for landscape restoration, sustainable energy provision and
livelihoods – Dr. Daniel Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability –
Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges
Jeff TschirleyChairman of the Interdepartmental Working Group on
BioenergyUN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
jeff.tschirley@fao.org
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Where are the hungry?Developed market
economies9Countries in
transition25
Sub-Saharan Africa206
Near East and North Africa
38
Asia and Pacific
524
Latin America and Caribbean
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854 million(820 in developing
countries)
212 million India150 million China
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
AvailabilityAccess
Stability Utilization
What is food security?What is food security?
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Food and energy security assessments?
• Reduced access to food due to price increases driven by competition for biomass for energy
• Decreased food availability due to replacement of subsistence farm land by energy plantations
• Increased environmental pressure due to introduction or expansion of unsustainable bioenergy systems (water pollution, biodiversity loss, land degradation)
• Price pressure on other goods and services related to land-use and biomass
• Land tenure conflict
• Proportion of chronically undernourished (<5 stunting)
• Adult literacy (+female)• Proportion of household income
to food (access)• Proportion own production of food
(availability)• Population growth• GDP growth per capita• Agricultural contribution to GDP
growth (%)• Adult HIV population • Number of food emergencies
(stability)• Degree of import or export
dependence• Access to water and sanitation
facilities
• Diversification of feedstock crops• Infrastructure development and
employment (rural)• Competition for land use and
other factor inputs• Diversification of domestic energy
supply• Reduced household energy
burden (women and children)• SME energy access improved• Technological advances• Climate change mitigation• Revenue from payment for
environmental services and monetization of carbon credits
Potential negative effectsFood security indicatorsPotential positive effects
Source: FAO Bioenergy and Food Security Project Proposal (2006)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• land availability and tenure• yield of biofuel crops• access to markets • consistent pricing • costs of production• consistency with prevailing cropping systems
Factors in farmer choiceFactors in farmer choice
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• land conversion, deforestation• competition with food production• biodiversity and landscape values• soil erosion and nutrient leaching• fresh water quantity and quality• pollution from chemicals• employment and wages• gender and child labour
Sustainability concernsSustainability concerns
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
•• How large or small is the technology window for food insecure How large or small is the technology window for food insecure countries? countries?
•• Can we estimate Can we estimate bioenergybioenergy production potential with sufficient production potential with sufficient accuracy?accuracy?
•• How might rising commodity prices How might rising commodity prices –– potentially positive for producers, potentially positive for producers, negative for poor consumers negative for poor consumers –– be managed?be managed?
•• Can inequities (land tenure, markets, etc) be reduced? Can inequities (land tenure, markets, etc) be reduced? •• Who is best placed to monitor and address conflicts? Who is best placed to monitor and address conflicts? •• Are certification schemes a viable option? How might they functiAre certification schemes a viable option? How might they function?on?
Some key questionsSome key questions
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Biofuels and landscapes – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Jatropha for landscape restoration, sustainable energy provision and
livelihoods – Dr. Daniel Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability –
Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Biofuels and landscapesBarbara Bramble
Senior Program Advisor International AffairsNational Wildlife Federation
bramble@nwf.org
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Biofuels are promoted for many reasons
• Energy security/independence from foreign sources• Potential to stabilize commodity prices• Promote rural development• Reduction of GHG emissions, and other pollutants.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
-- But biofuels can’t optimize for all at the same time --
• The benefits are not produced automatically, or for all biofuels
• They must be produced under social and environmental safeguards
• The need to moderate expectations.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Trade Offs• Rural Development/Poverty Reduction - requires protection of
small producers vs
• Massive Gasoline Substitution - requires incentives for large scale producers
• High Cellulosic Production Per Acre - Requires Use of Good Farm Land
vs• Reduction of Food / Fuel Competition - Requires use of
Marginal Land not Suitable for Grains
Continued....
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Trade Offs (cont.) • The "miracle" of Jatropha for biodiesel - can grow in
dry marginal land or can have high production per acre - but not both
• Even National Security - Requires reduction of use of oil – and permits "coal to liquids" and coal power for refineries
vs• Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions - requires
elimination of coal.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Risks to biodiversity
Agricultural-based• Soil erosion• Soil compaction• Nutrient leaching• Water use• Declining crop diversity• Farmland diversity• Introduced species
Forestry-based• Species loss• Habitat loss/fragmentation• Declining site fertility• Soil erosion• Water consumption• Conversion to agriculture
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Forest and peat bogs are burned to make way for oil palm plantations
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
“Dead Zone” Areas in the Gulf of Mexico
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Opportunities for biodiversityAgricultural-based• Economic values for extensive
cropping• Diversification of cropping in
intensive systems• Shift from annual to perennial
crops • Opportunities for conservation
farming practices (e.g. no-till, organic, biodiversity corridors, conservation buffer zones)
• Restoration of degraded lands
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Opportunities for biodiversityForestry-based• Economic incentives for forest
landscapes• Reduced fire risk• …need to accelerate the
introduction and use of second generation technologies which use woody feedstocks
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Mixed Landscape – North
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Mixed landscape - South
Planted forest (Pinus sp), grassland and mosaic landscape with small patches of natural forests in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
IUCN Photo Library © Nils Hager
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Managing biofuels for biodiversity
• Environmental guidelines for producers• Planning processes which promote environmentally-
beneficial cropping and forestry• Certification to inform intermediary buyers and end
consumers – enable differentiation in the market-place• Technological innovations that get us to 2nd generation more
quickly• Exploring biodiversity offsets as a bridging mechanism
between 1st generation and 2nd generation pre-certification
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Biofuels and landscapes – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Jatropha for landscape restoration, sustainable energy provision and
livelihoods – Dr. Daniel Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability –
Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Dr. Daniel NyamaiRegional Coordinator
Trees On-Farm NetworkWorld Agroforestry Centre
d.nyamai@cgiar.org
Jatropha for landscape restoration and sustainable energy provision
and livelihoods
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
The Case for Jatropha…
Important attributes of Jatropha include:• Oil derived from the seeds is a good source of diesel• The other derivatives of the oil could be the driving force to the development of rural
enterprises to strengthen the local populations’ economic position • Jatropha is also easy to propagate, has rapid growth, and exhibits a wide environmental
tolerance and adaptability• It is a multipurpose crop that can help alleviate soil degradation, desertification, and
deforestation, and can be used for bio-energy to replace fossil diesel, soap production and climatic protection.
• It can grow on marginal land, thus not competing with agricultural crops and requires very little input.
• Fossil fuel prices have gone up; using Jatropha oil is competitive & attractive option.
Jatropha is being promoted globally for bio-diesel production. It is a means of economic empowerment, social upliftment, and poverty alleviation for marginalized rural communities as well as restoration of degraded landscapes and other environmental benefits.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha Bio-diesel• Bio-diesel offers excellent opportunities to alleviate rural poverty and improve national economies through people’s involvement in value chain • Increased pollution from fossil fuels leading to adverse climate change makes less-polluting bio diesel more attractive•Biodiesels are biodegradable and non-toxic and have significantly fewer emissions (particulate, CO and Sulphur dioxide) than petro-diesel when burned•Biodiesel can be distributed using today's infrastructure, safer to handle (has a high flash point-160 °C/320 °F), reduces wear and tear of engines.
Main ChallengeRelatively, little information is available to accelerate awareness & development for sustainable energy and livelihoods. Need for National / Regional / international Bio-fuel Strategy. Initial financial support secured for strategy development process
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha System: A plant with multiple uses
A Jatropha farm reclaiming a
degraded land
A farmer is showing the Jatropha seeds on his
farm
Jatropha Seeds have high non-edible oil
Content
Jatropha oil extraction in process
Jatropha generate extra oil for vehicles and
employment
Capacity building for growers awareness in crop husbandry
Enterprise development and employment
opportunities
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha Value Chain FrameworkInputs Value Chain Activities and Outputs ImpactOutcomes
Utilisation: Consumers of Bio-diesel and related products consumers Consumer Education Sustainable & renewable Energy system
Marketing & Distribution: Development of marketing strategies, technical standards, handling & distribution, finance, information mgt etcKey Partners: Oil Industry players, Policy makers, finance institutions, distributors, ICT providers, R & D experts
I
infrastructure development & capacity building
Operationalize efficientBio-diesel Industry
Sustainable Production of high quality Planting Material: Stakeholders: Target Communities, VJDF, NARS, Private Sector, MoA, MENR etc.
Capacity building: Seed and germplasm,
Research, AgribusinessAnd access to Finance
Sustainable nationalseed and germplasm
system
Benefits to the National Econom
y: Provision of sustainable socio-econom
ic and environmental benefits: C
reation of employm
ent opportunities, im
proved land utilization and ecology, improve
human capital base, Foreign Exchange earnings,
Sustainable production of Jatropha seed (raw material): Development of technical packages/guidelines for increased production (crop husbandry & protection protocols) Key Partners: VJDF, NARS, TOFNET, Foodlink Intl, Donors, Micro-finance institutions, MoA
Capacity building:Production technology,
Research, Finance
Domesticating and mainstreaming Jatropha
production system
Sensitisation of stakeholders and Mobilization of Resources: identification, recruitment and organisation of growers. Key Partners: MoA and other extension service providers – CBO’s, NGO’s, farmer organisations
Advocacy and promotion Improved knowledgeBase and sharing system
Industrial Processing: Oil extraction & trans-esterification process for Bio-diesel production Key Partners: KIRDI, KEBS, KIE, KIPI, policy makers, Private sector, Kenya Oil Refineries, NOC, KPC, KENGEN
Agro processing Technologies and Agribusinesses
Establishment of Bio-diesel industry
Strategic Investments (Inputs) from
the National Econom
y: Suitable Policy Incentives, Regulatory Fram
ework and social
acceptance,
High quality seeds/seedlings
Motivated Grower Base
Availability of raw material (Seed)
Bio-diesel fuel & related byproducts
Sustainable bio-diesel industry
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha Economic FeasibilityBased on 50ha of land
– Estimated seed yield at the end of two years from 50ha is 300,000 kg– Estimated oil yield from 300,000 kg of seed is 100,000 litres– Estimated press cake from 300,000 kg of seeds is 185,000 kg– Estimated sediment from 300,000 kg of seeds is 15,000 litres.
185,000 of press cake for US$ 0.03
100,000 Litres of oil for US$ 0.6
15,000 Litres of sediments for US$ 0.15
Total income
Totals in US$
5,550
60,000
2,250
67,800
Less production cost 20%
Total
Less marketing cost 10%
Total
Less administrative/maintenance cost 5%
Net income
13,560
54,240
5,424
48,816
2,440.80
46,375.20
20
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha Suitability Map for Africa & ECA Region
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Jatropha Suitability Map for Pilot Site
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Conclusions• The Jatropha system is economically feasible, environmentally sustainable and
socially acceptable.
• Promoting domestication, production and processing technologies is needed to maximize benefits by vulnerable groups such as rural farmers, particularly women & children. The fact that management of the tree falls largely under the female domain makes proceeds from it impact positively on their livelihoods.
• Jatropha production system lends itself to a variety of cropping systems which are adaptable to majority of farming communities such as intercropping with Vanilla and undercover crops (pulses and grain legumes, sweet potato etc.) -thereby enhances food security.
• The main product (oil and lubricants) upon combustion is emission free making it environmentally safer for ozone protection and industrial uses.
• Jatropha is effective in combating land degradation and is less costly to establish and manage. It alleviates soil degradation, desertification and deforestation, among others.
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Visions of a sustainable biofuels future – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Landscape restoration and sustainable livelihoods – Dr. Daniel
Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability –
Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Making Biofuels Trade Work for Sustainable Development
Annie DufeyResearcher, Environmental Economics
International Institute for Education and Developmentannie.dufey@iied.org
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Some market information…• Important market development during the last 5
years: now ~3% global gasoline consumption• Less than 10% of global biofuels production is
internationally traded• Biofuels will share ~10% of world fuel use for
transport by 2025• Important expansion in global trade: as key
consumers (EU, US, and Japan) will not have the domestic capacity to cope with internal demand
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• Biofuels trade can deliver opportunities for developing countries…– They are the most efficient ‘feedstock’ producers– Sugarcane: Brazil, Guatemala, Costa Rica, South Africa, Malawi– Palm oil: Malaysia, Indonesia, Colombia, Ecuador– Opportunities in terms of: new-end markets; export revenues;
diversification and value added.• Trade is key for reaching the desired economies of scale in
small/medium producing countries• But, the sustainable development benefits are not straightforward…
– Export-led production can exacerbate environmental/social problems of agric. commodity, adding complexities to sustainability equation (e.g food security and carbon emissions).
– Several ‘issues’ affecting developing countries’ trade potential
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Policies undermining trade potential…
• Main trade barriers:– Tariffs – Tariff escalation – Domestic Support: Subsidies on agriculture
+ energy;– Technical standards
• These policies have impacts on: – DCs’ competitiveness, opportunities for adding value to agricultural
production and potential for poverty reduction– Global environmental and social sustainability (e.g corn-based
bioethanol in the US - low energy balance and impacts on food security on food-importing countries)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• Lack of unique forum to discuss biofuels’ trade barriers reduction at the WTO:– Bioethanol/feedstocks classified as
agricultural products and governed by the Agreement on Agriculture
– Biodiesel classified as industrial products and subject to the general rules of GATT
– ‘Biofuels’ can be included under the ‘Environmental Goods and Services’definition under the Doha Round
Policies undermining trade potential (cont.)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• Environmental/social certification schemes: need to be designed so that they do not constitute unnecessary trade barriers, especially for small-producers– Meaningful participation of producing country– Taking into account relevant environmental/social condition prevailing in
the producing country– ‘Small-producer’ friendly: no overburden in terms of financial costs and
complex procedures– Avoid proliferation/promote mutual recognition
• Fair distribution of costs/benefits along the value chain– final overall impact on primary producers also depend on ‘Who gets
what’– Need to set up structures for small-holders inclusion (e.g ‘Social Fuel
Seal’ in Brazil)
Private sector policies also matter…
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
• Trade benefits not straightforward: DCs need to have a clear understanding of the economic, environmental and social impacts of biofuels production & trade
• Effective strategy on biofuels production and trade needs aproactive and coordinated holistic policy development
• Governments need to identify impacts of main trade barriers and the best ways and fora to address them
• Governments need to conduct assessment of comparative advantages, land availability and food security impacts -biofuels may not be an option for every country
• Governments need to invest/to incentivise investment on better environmental technologies and practices
• Need to implement policies to include small producers
Some recommendations…
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Visions of a sustainable biofuels future – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Landscape restoration and sustainable livelihoods – Dr. Daniel
Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability –
Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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51
Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Ensuring that biofuels deliver on their promise of sustainability
Charlotte OpalCoordinator, Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
http://EnergyCenter.epfl.ch/Biofuelscharlotte.opal@epfl.org
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Concept• Multi-stakeholder initiative to develop principles
and criteria for sustainable biofuels production that are:– Simple and accessible– Generic to all crops– Adaptable to new information– Efficient and cheap to measure– Compliant with WTO rules
(use ISEAL code)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Building on other Initiatives• The Netherlands: developing a set of sustainability
standards• United Kingdom: Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership draft
environmental and social standards• The European Parliament: new biofuels mandate –
goal of 10% by 2020 – only if production is “sustainable”• California: new Low Carbon Fuels Standard presumes
need for sustainability safeguards• Sustainable Biodiesel Alliance (USA): proposing
standards for locally produced biodiesel• Brazil: biodiesel program offers financial incentives for
small scale farmers
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Governance• Steering Board members include WWF, BP, Shell, National
Wildlife Fed, FSC, Petrobras, Mali Folkecenter, Univ. Cal Berkeley, TERI India, Toyota
• Global stakeholder feedback at every step (blogs, meetings, wiki technology)
• Four Working Groups to make recommendations to SteeringBoard re. how to measure performance on the principles, including:– GHG efficiency– Environmental concerns (biodiversity, soil, water . . .)– Social concerns (labor rights, food security, poverty alleviation . . .)– Implementation (feasibility of what other three Working Groups are
developing)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Hazardous or illegal working
conditions
Biofuel crops displace food
crops
Water pollution, significant
reduction in water
availability
burning fields for planting
monoculture, deforestation
80%+ grey energy, high N2O emissions from
fertilizers
No or negative impact on ecological/ social footprint
Moderate impact on local water
quality, quality
Moderate impact on air
quality
erosion protection
Native species, avoid invasive
species
10-80% grey energy content
Small or no reduction on ecological/ social footprint
Best-practice wages and
working conditions
Biofuels development has positive
effect on poor populations
No sig. impact on local water
quality or quantity
No sig. impact on air quality on farm or at processing
facility
Use of already
degraded land
Crop rotations, biodiversity
corridors, buffer zones
Low grey energy content (<10%), positive GHG
balance, maximize carbon sequestration (e.g. low-till)
Considerable reduction of ecological/ social footprint
Working conditionsFood securitywater useair qualitysoil healthbiodiversityTotal score for product life-
cycle (well-to-wheel)
Social ConcernsConservation of Natural ResourcesOverall Energy and Greenhouse Gas
Efficiency
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels - Draft Scorecard ConceptDraft Scorecard Concept
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Who will use this tool?• Policy-makers• Banks (for investment
criteria)• Companies (for CSR
reporting)• NGOs for monitoring
company performance• Third parties for voluntary
labels (‘Green fuel’)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Agenda• Welcome and overview – Andrea Athanas (IUCN)• Bioenergy: constraints, opportunities and challenges – Jeff Tschirley
(FAO)• Visions of a sustainable biofuels future – Barbara Bramble (NWF)• Landscape restoration and sustainable livelihoods – Dr. Daniel
Nyamai (Trees On-Farm Network, ICRAF)• Fair trade for biofuels and sustainable development – Annie Dufey
(IIED)• Meta-certification for biofuels – Charlotte Opal (Roundtable on
Sustainable Biofuels)• Open discussions – Facilitated by Andrea Athanas (IUCN)
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Biofuels: a tool for conservation? CSD15 side event – 2nd May 2007
Thank you!
THANK YOU for your participation…
… for more information, please see www.iucn.org/energy and
www.bioenergywiki.net.
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