View
219
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
1/19
Blood and Formation of
RBCs
Dr. Trisha Majumdar
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
2/19
DEFINITIONBlood is a liquid connective tissuepresent in the circulatory system.
It is red in color due to the presenceof hemoglobin.
Blood id made up of fluid componentplasma 55% and formed elementsRBC, WBC and platelets(thrombocytes) 45%
The total volume of blood is around5L .
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
3/19
FUNCTION OF BLOOD
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Supply of nutrition to various tissues.
Transport of waste materials for excretion.
Transport of hormones, vitamins , drugs 7chemicals.
Maintenance of acid base balance
Regulation of body temperature.
Protection against infection
Helps in blood clotting.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
4/19
PLASMA
It is the fluid portion of the blood.
Its normal volume is 3500ml.
Mainly composed of water.
Inorganic substances are Na, K, Ca,Fe,& Cu.
Organic substances are proteins,
lipids, glucose, urea, & creatinine.Serum is plasma without clotting
factors.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
5/19
PLASMA PROTEINS
Most of them are synthesized in the liver.
The important plasma proteins arealbumin, globulin, fibrinogen &
prothrombin.
Main functions aremaintains colloidalosmotic pressure, acts as buffer to regulate
Ph, acts as protein reserve, provides
immunity, responsible for blood clotting and
helps in transport of drugs, hormones andmetabolites.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
6/19
ERYTHROCYTES (RBC)
They are the most abundant cells presentin our body.
They contain a red pigment hemoglobin injelly form.
They are biconcave in shape and flexibleand can pass through capillaries.
Normal count is
Males- 5-5.5 million cells/cu.mm
Females4.5-5 million cells /cu.mmInfants -6-7 million cells/cu.mm
Normal life span of RBCs is 120 days.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
7/19
Function of RBCTransport of oxygen.
Transport of carbon dioxide
Regulation of acid base balance.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
8/19
Formation of erythrocytes
The process of formation of RBC is
called erythropoises.
Red Bone marrow is the site of RBC
production.
In adults it is present in flat bones like
cranial bones, vertebrae, pelvic
bones, ribs, sternum, upper ends of
long bones like femur and humerus.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
9/19
Stages of erythropoiesis
All the cells are produced from the
stem cells.
They have the capacity to form
different types of blood cells and are
termed as pluripotent haemopoieticstem cell.
These cells differentiate to form the
committed stem cellsThe myeloid series gives rise to both
RBC and few WBCs
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
10/19
The myeloid committed stem cells give rise toprogenitor cells called CFU-E called colonyforming units.
Pro Erythrocytes- 15-20miu. Develop from CFU-E. They have scanty cytoplasm . They do not havecytoplasm. Contain a large basophilic nucleoli.
Early NormoblastThese cells are 10-16 miu in
diameter. Hemoglobin begins to appear. Theyshow active mitosis. Nucleus is large , cytoplasmis basophilic.
Intermediate Normoblast - these cells are 10- 14miu in diameter. Mitosis stops at this stage .
Hemoglobin concentration begins to increase andcells become acidophilic also called aspolychromatophilic erythrocyte.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
11/19
Late Normoblast- these cells are 8- 10 miu
in diameter . Nucleus is lost.
Reticulocytethis is flat disc shaped non-nucleated cells slightly bigger than mature
RBC. Hb concentration increase to reach
the level of mature cell. The red cell attains
maturity in 1-2 days after loss of the
basophilic material.
Erythrocytesthis is a mature cell 7-2 miu
in diameter eosinophilic (dyes with eosinred), non nucleated and biconcave disc.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
12/19
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
13/19
Factors influencing
ERYTHROPOIESIS
Erythropoietin- a hormone that stimulateserythropoisis.
They stimulate erythropoises, so men havehigh RBC count compared to women.
They have a inhibitory effect onErythropoises.
Thyroxin, cortisol, and growth hormone arenecessary for RBC production.
Dietary factors- iron, VitB 12 and folic acidare necessary for HB synthesis andmaturation of RBC.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
14/19
Applied Physiology
Anaemia.- it is a clinical conditionwherein RBC count or HB% or both
decreased.
Classification- 1. anemia due to
decreased RBC formation.
2. Anemia due to increased RBC
destruction.
3. Anemia due to blood loss.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
15/19
Anaemia due to decreased RBC
formation
Iron deficiency anaemia.
Vit B12 and Folic acid deficiency
anaemia.
Aplastic anaemic - due to bone
marrow suppression by drugs, toxins,
&exposure to X-rays.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
16/19
Anemia due to increased RBC
destruction
Thalassemia - premature destruction
of RBC.
Sickle cell anemia- contains abnormal
HB.
Hereditary Spherocytosis - bioconvex
and prone to autolysis.
Glucose 6 dehydrogenase deficiency.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
17/19
Anemia due to blood loss.
Acute blood loss- hemorrhage due to
accidents or surgery.
Chronic blood loss- seen in peptic
ulcers etc.
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
18/19
POLYCYTHEMIA
This is a condition where RBC count
is increased above 8 million cells/ cu.
mm
8/14/2019 Blood Formation& RBC 17TH AUG
19/19
THANK YOU
Recommended