View
215
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
BOA Electrical
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Outline Computers and printers Appliances Demand and consumption ENERGY STAR ratings Car plugs Miscellaneous equipment
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Piner Olivet Lifestyle Program Lifestyle Campaigns
students and teachers custodian support
Examples Computers off Lights off Waste less
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Piner Olivet Technical Program Student technical audits Building Operator Training Technical audits Energy monitoring and savings
reports Building retrofits
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Importance of custodian Focus of Piner Olivet program in
schools Interface between district, teachers
and students Source of technical information Provides continuity Knows schools better than anyone Can produce large savings Key to Piner Olivet program success
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Piner Olivet district update Lifestyle Program news
Recent events Upcoming events
Technical Program news
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Piner Olivet in your school
Success stories Areas to improve
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Benefits of electrical equipment efficiency Reduces energy use and cost Improved quality and comfort Less maintenance required Extended equipment life Less waste heat Positive impact on climate change
issues
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Personal computers – switching off Switching off results in significant
energy savings Common misconception: computers
must run 24 hours/day 30% to 40% are left on overnight and
weekends
0
10
20
30
40
50
24 9 9 (Savings Mode)
Hours/day computer on
Cost per year
($)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
kWh
Cost and energy use vs. computer hours on 100 watts at 5 cents/kWh
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Personal computers – switching off
Computers often left on after class or even during vacation breaks
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Personal computers – switching off Monitors can be switched on/off 5
times per day Monitors off if unused for 15 minutes Major companies not unduly
concerned Switched-off computers last longer
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Computer energy consumption
Average computer: 80 to 110 watts 15-inch colour monitor: 60 watts CPU: 40 watts
Larger monitors use more energy
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Energy-saving features Shut-off CPU and monitor after hours Often used only 2 to 4 hours per day Use existing energy saving features
Energy Star - US Government energy efficiency program
New equipment should meet guidelines
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Energy-saving featuresMacintosh Computers™ Energy Saver set up in Control Panel
“Sleep mode” = 2 watts “Standby mode” = 40 watts
Restart with mouse or keyboard
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Energy-saving features
The Macintosh Energy Saver set-up
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Energy-saving featuresIBM™ - Type Computers Power Management Option in Control
Panel Activates after period of inactivity
Monitor off Standby Hibernation
Restart with mouse or keyboard
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Screensavers
Screensavers: save 10 watts Monitor off manually: save 60 watts Better to turn off monitor
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Screensavers
Computers on screensaver mode should be turned off
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Other benefits to shutting off Less heat generated
Detrimental to electronic components Maximum operating temperature 32°C
Monitors that are shut off don’t emit radiation
File server caution: mark to prevent shut off
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Printers Inkjet printers
15 to 20 watts when printing 7 to 9 watts on standby
Laser printers 250 to 800 watts when printing 10 to 20 watts on standby
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Printers Off overnight and weekends Local printer: off during day Printer serving remote computers: on
during the day Automatic time clock
Use existing energy-saving features Appropriate size
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Photocopiers Off during vacant periods Use energy saving modes Time clock for automatic shut-off Appropriate size
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Freezers Keep at -18°C Away from heat sources Defrost when ice is 5 mm thick Air space around freezer
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Freezers Keep at least 2/3 full Clean exposed condenser coils Open door only as long as necessary Unplug in summer Ventilate enclosed space
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Freezers
Keep 2/3 full; defrost regularly
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Freezers
Provide adequate air space
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Refrigerators Locate away from heat Clean condenser coils Leave space between wall and coils Use power saving control Empty and unplug in summer Refrigerate items only when necessary
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Refrigerators
Condensor clogged with dirt
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Refrigerant issues Ozone depletion issues R-12 refrigerant being phased-out New refrigerant is R-134A Consider type of refrigerant when
acquiring new or used appliances
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
What are a kW and a kWh? Utilities charge for both demand and
consumption Demand (kW or kVA)
Amount of electricity required at a single point in time
Total electricity load Utilities usually charge for the highest
kW peak that occurs each month
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
What are a kW and a kWh? Consumption (kWh)
Amount of electricity used over time kWh = kW x hours
School electrical meter records demand and consumption each month
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
School demand profile Typical school - total building load
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
12:07AM
2:07AM
4:07AM
6:07AM
8:07AM
10:07AM
12:07PM
2:07PM
4:07PM
6:07PM
8:07PM
10:07PM
Time
Amps
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Analog electricity meter
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Thermal demand meter performance
0102030405060708090
100
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28Minutes
Percent of final
reading
Thermal demand meter
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Savings by unplugging refrigerator Typical older refrigerator, 120
kWh/month Electricity averages $0.05 per kWh 120 kWh/month x $0.05/kWh =
$6.00/month Unplug in July and August $6.00/month x 2 months = $12.00
total
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
ENERGY STAR Ratings Testing and labelling program Indicates typical kWh/year energy
usage Major appliances must have
ENERGUIDE label Easy to compare efficiency Seek highest equipment efficiency
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
ENERGUIDE label
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Electric kilns Use 18 to 45 kW Could set a peak demand Use “load scheduling” instead
Operate at night Use a timer
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Equipment with digital readouts
LED displays: 2 to 4 watts Unplug during vacant periods
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Equipment with digital readouts
LED display draws power
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Vending machines Unplug during vacant periods Use time clocks Remove unnecessary lights Negotiate energy savings initiatives Use Vending Miser
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Refrigerated vending machines
$100 to $150/year to run Add to heat load Additional cooling costs up to $10/year
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Vending Miser
Vending Miser can reduce energy use
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Refrigerated vending machines
Lights and compressor increase energy use
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -32 -34
Outside temperature (°C)
Percent time on
Block heater operation % on time to maintain engine block at -7 °C
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Car plug controls Load scheduling to reduce peak
demand Time clocks
Often bypassed Check time settings
Part of building automation system
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Car plug controls Outdoor temperature control activated
at -20 °C Individual measures
Timer cords Power Saver cords
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Car plug controls
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Portable electric heaters Electricity costs 5 times more than
natural gas Typically 1,500 watts Could add to peak demand Adjust heating and ventilation system Avoid using electric heaters
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Fixed electric heaters Use lowest setting for adequate
comfort Check dials regularly Breaker off in spring, summer, and fall Shut off during vacant periods
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Time clock
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Drinking water coolers 400 to 1,000 kWh per year $20 to $50 per year Shut off during vacant periods Install time clocks Adjust thermostat setting
E L E C T R I C A LE L E C T R I C A L
Custodian is key to program success Focus of conservation initiatives Interface Technical information Continuity Facility knowledge Impact on savings Key to success
BOA Electrical
Recommended