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8/9/2019 Body Coordination FORM 4 SCIENCE
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BODY COORDINATIONProcess by which diferent parts o the body work together to bring about thecorrect response
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EXAMPLE :
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Detect the stimulus Carry out the response
Changes detected are called
STIMULIEg : light , heat , sound ,pressure , touch , chemicals
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ody coordination is important because:!a" #t enables our body to respond to changes n o!rs!rro!ndngs"!b" #t reg!#ates approprate responsesto these changes$!c" #t protects o!r $od% &ro' n(!res$
%C'#&( )1 : *igure 2$+ shows a boy accidentallyhammering his
hand
!a" hat is the stimulus in this reaction-
!b" hat is the response-
!c" hich part o the body coordinates this action-
)2 : *igure 2$. shows a boy being chased by a dog$
!a" hat is the stimulus in the diagram gi/en abo/e -
!b" hat is the response-
!c" hich part o the body coordinates this action-
+
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)+ : alking is an acti/ity that all o us carry out e/eryday$
!a" 0ame the systems that control and regulate this acti/ity$
!b" Eplain how the systems you named in +!a" help to control andregulate this acti/ity$
.
)UMAN NER*OUS SYSTEM
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MIND MAP : )UMAN NER*OUS SYSTEM
MIND MAP : NEURONE
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%spect Sensor% ne!rone Re#a% ne!rone Motor ne!rone
%on 4hort 4hort 5ongDendron 5ong 4hort 4hort
Cell body#n the middle o theneurone, in the dorsalganglion
#n the middle o theneurone
%t one end o theneurone, in the greymatter o the spinalcord
*unction &o transmit impulsesrom the receptors tothe central ner/oussystem
&o transmit impulsesrom the sensoryneurones to motorneurones
&o transmit impulsesrom the centralner/ous system to theefectors
COMPARISON BET+EEN T)E DI,,ERENT TYPES O, NEURONES
%C'#&(
Q1 . (a" 0ame the components o the central ner/ous system$
!b" 0ame the components o the peripheral ner/ous system$
!c" &o which system do the spinal ner/es and the cranial ner/es belong to-
)2$ !a" hat is the smallest unctional unit in the ner/ous system-
!b" Draw a labelled diagram o that unctional unit$
)+$ !a" 0ame the three types o neurones present in our ner/ous system$
!b" hat is the unction o each type o neurone named in +!a"-
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RE,LEX ACTION %n automatic and rapid response to a stimulus that does not in/ol/e the brain
Controlled by the spinal cord
*unction : &o a/oid or protect us rom serious in7uries
E-a'p#e o& re.e- acton
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%cti/ity)1$hich o the ollowing is the correct pathway o body coordination-% 4kin 4timulus rain 9esponse uscle
4kin 4timulus 9esponse rain ;< uscle
C 4timulus 4kin rain uscle 9esponse
D 4timulus rain 4kin uscle 9esponse
)2$
=
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)+ !a" hat is a receptor-
!b" >i/e two eamples o receptors$
). !a" hat is an efector-
!b" >i/e two eamples o efectors$
) Draw a diagram to show the path taken by an impulse in a re?e arc$
)3 !a" hat is a re?e action-
!b" >i/e two eamples o re?e actions$
PROPRIOCEPTORS / sensors that provide information about joint
angle, muscle length, and muscle tension 9eceptors that are connected to sensory neurons
9espond to stimuli that related to position and mo/ement o the body
*ound in : muscles , tendons , ligaments and 7oints
*unction : @elp to coordinate muscular acti/ites and maintain body balance and
posture
Eamples : buttoning shirt , climbing a ladder , tying shoe lace, locking the door
! without looking "
1A
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Diferences between voluntary and involuntaryactions
Aspect *o#!ntar% In1o#!ntar%%wareness e are aware o the actions e are not aware o the actionsControl %ction can be controlled %ction cannot be controlledControlledby
Controlled by the somatic ner/oussystem
Controlled by the autonomicner/ous system
4timuli9ecei/es stimuli rom the eternalen/ironment through the sensoryorgans
9ecei/es stimuli rom the internalorgans
Eamples B riting
B Dancing
B Constriction o the pupil
B eating o the heart
%C'#&(23&he diagram shows a human brain$
0ame the parts labelledX, Yand and list their unctions$
24!a" hat is an in/oluntary action-
!b" >i/eoneeample o an in/oluntary action$
!c" 4tatethreediferences between in/oluntary and /oluntary actions$
250ame61epossible efects due to in7ury to the brain$
1+
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Endocrne s%ste' Consists o endocrine gland
gland without ducts which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine system
1.
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@ormones ,!nctons o& hor'ones Efects o ecessi/ehormones
Efects odeciency o
hormones>rowthhormone!rom thePt!tar%g#and
B Controls the rowth o musclesand bonesB 4timulates the acti/ities oother endocrine landsB Controls the reabsorption owater
7gants' D0ar6s'
&hyroin!rom thethyroid gland"
Controls the metabolism o thebodyEnsure normal physical andmental de/elopment
7otre 8 swelling thethyroid gland
;cretns':4tunted physicaland mentalde/elopment
#nsulin !romthe pancreas"
Controls the le/el o lucose inthe blood
;5ow bloodg#!cose #e1e#9h%pog#%cae'a
Da$etes'e##t!s
%drenaline!rom theadrenalglands"
Prepares the body or action inan emerency
Etreme tiredness ;
Festrogen!rom theo/aries"
4timulates the de/elopment oemale secondary seualcharacteristics
Ecessi/e malecharacteristics and earlypuberty
%fects thede/elopment oemalesecondar%se-!a#characterstcs
Progesterone!rom theo/aries"
Controls the menstrual cycle *ailure in deli/ery at thecorrect time
Menstr!a#problems%bortion oembryo
&estosterone!rom thetestis glands"
B Controls the de/elopment omale se oransB Produces spermsB 4timulates the de/elopment omale secondary seualcharacteristics
Ecessi/e malecharacteristics and earlypuberty
%fects thede/elopment omale secondar%se-!a#characterstcsRed!cedspermproduction
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