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Body Planes, Directions, & Cavities
Principles of Health Science
Body Cavities
Why do we have body cavities?
Body Cavities are openings within the torso which contain organs.
They protect delicate organs from accidental shocks and bumps, and permit the expansion and contraction of organs without disrupting the activities of other organs.
Body Planes
Imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections Transverse Sagittal Frontal or coronal
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane that divides the body into a top & bottom half
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into left and right sides
Midsagittal divides the body into equal left and right sides
Frontal (or coronal) plane
Divides the body into a front and back section
Directions
Superior vs inferior Cranial vs caudal Medial vs lateral Anterior vs posterior Dorsal vs ventral Proximal vs distal
Superior vs inferior
Superior: towards the top
Inferior: towards the bottom
Cranial vs caudal
Cranial: towards the head
Caudal: towards the tail
More commonly used in animals
People: same as superior/inferior
Medial vs lateral
Medial: close or towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Anterior vs posterior
Anterior: towards the front of the body
Posterior: towards the back of the body
Dorsal vs ventral
Dorsal: towards the back
Ventral: towards the abdomen
Use more commonly in animals
People: same as anterior/posterior
Proximal vs distal
Proximal: towards the trunk
Distal: away from the trunk
Body Cavities
Dorsal cavity Cranial cavity Spinal cavity
Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic
cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity
Orbital cavity (eyes) Nasal cavity (nose) Buccal cavity
(mouth)
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity: contains the brain
Spinal cavity: contains the spinal cord
Ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity: contains esophagus, heart, lungs, trachea
Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity: stomach, small intestine,
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen Pelvic cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive
organ Diaphragm: muscle that separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic
The portion of ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm.
a. Pleural Cavities - the spaces surrounding each lung.
b. Mediastinum - a broad middle tissue mass of the thoracic cavity dividing the lungs into two cavities.
Thoracic Cavity
It includes the aorta, other great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, thymus, pericardial cavity, and heart.
c. Pericardial Cavity - space in which the heart is located
Abdominal Cavity
Abdominal Cavity - The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. It extends from the diaphragm to the superior margin of the pelvic girdle.
Contains the organs known as the viscera which include the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.
Pelvic Cavity
Surrounded by the pelvic bones. The pelvic cavity contains the urinary
bladder, cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the male or female internal reproductive organs
Abdominal quadrants
Four quadrants with the umbilicus at the center RUQ
LUQRLQLLQ
Abdominal regions
Image Citations Slide 3: 8/27/06,
http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/chapter1.htm
Slide 4: Sagittal plane, 8/27/06, http://www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cindex/referencedevelop.html
Slide 5: Frontal plane, 8/27/06, http://www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cindex/referencedevelop.html
Slide 7 & 9 &12: Directional terms, 8/27/06, http://www.lrn.org/Graphics/figure1.7.gif
Slide 8: Anatomical terms, planes, 8/27/06, http://trc.ucdavis.edu/mjguinan/apc100/modules/termscells&tissues/introduction/planes/planes.html
Image Citations
Slide 11: photo of a dog illustrating dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior, 8/27/06, http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/glossary.htm#bilateral_symmetry
Slide 14: Body cavities, 8/31/06, http://www.templejc.edu/dept/biology/RHicks/biol2404Int/biol2404onl_LAB.htm
Slide 16, 17: Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library, Second Edition, Version 1.0, 2003.
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