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The

Greek ArchitecturePrepared by:

Patricia May V. Carayap

BS Architecture III

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Origins

Our word “architecture” comes from the Greekarchi tecton , whichmeans “mastercarpenter .” 

Early Greek architecturetherefore used wood, notstone.

These early structures, aswell as those of mud-brick, have not survived.

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 Wood Features in Stone

By the 6th Century BC, stone

replaced wood in the

construction of important

temples.

Designs still reflected theirorigins in wood, however.

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Origins

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Origins

In moving from wood to stone,builders had to adapt to thediffering properties of their buildingmaterials.

Stone has greater resistancestrength than wood, but it lacksflexibility strength (resistance tobending or twisting).

Therefore, columns of stone had tobe thick enough to resist snappingor bending under pressure.

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Origins

Greek temples,

like Egyptian

temples, usedbasic post-and-

beam

construction.

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Origins

Early temples had

massive pillars as

architects worried

about their ability to

support the weight

above.

Later temples

appear more

elegant.

Temple of Hera, Paestum

Hephaistion, Athens

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 Temples - Purpose

In the mild climate of Greece, ceremonies generally

took place outdoors.

Even the altar , upon which sacrifices were made, was

outside the temple structure.

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 Temple Forms

Greek temples, likeEgyptian ones, tended

to follow set patterns.

Variations are few andusually reflect one ofthe classical orders,rather than new andnovel design.

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 The Doric Order

Doric columns are theheaviest in appearance

The capital, or top of

the column is plain.

The shaft is thick – 

though it loses some of

its mass over time.

There is no base.

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 The Ionic Order

This order has greaterelegance.

The capital has distinctive

volutes, or curled scrolldesigns.

The column is thinner than

in the Doric order.

There is a base.

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 The Corinthian Order

This is also a tall,

elegant form.

The capital has

distinctive acanthus leaf

decoration.

It has a base.

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Parts of a Greek Temple

The next section is vertical

and is the column.

Most columns had a base  (though not the Doric), at

the bottom, a shaft  in the

middle, and a capital  at

the top.

The shaft may be smooth

or fluted. 

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Parts of a Greek Temple

 Above the columnis the entablature.

If the column is theleg, think of this as

the tabletop.

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Parts of a Greek Temple

PEDIMENT:

Depicted

scenes relatedto the

god/goddess of

that temple.

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Plans of Greek Temples

The greatness and valueof a temple can be seenin the number of columnsit has.

Simple temples haveblank walls around anaos , or chapel. With anopen area or porch infront with two or foursupporting columns.

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Designs of Greek Temples

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Designs of Greek Temples

Grander temples, like

the Parthenon, hadcolumns surrounding

the entire structure.

Reconstruction of the Parthenon

in Nashville.

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Designs of Greek Temples

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Designs of Greek Temples

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Important Structures – 

 The Acropolis

The mostfamous Greek

buildingstopped the

 Athenian Acropolis.

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Other architectural

features… 

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 The Greek Heritage

Today, elements of

Greek architecture

surround us

everywhere, from theDoric columns gracing

local homes to the great

Ionic capitals of the

Vancouver Art Gallery.

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