British Columbia Forage Fish Spawning Survey Methodology ... · British Columbia Forage Fish...

BritishColumbiaForageFishSpawningSurveyMethodologyforAcademicsandQualifiedEnvironmentalProfessionals

Preparedby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstituteMay2018Revised:June2020

BritishColumbiaForageFishSpawningSurveyMethodologyforAcademicsandQEPs

TABLEOFCONTENTS1.0 MaterialChecklist 4

1.1 FieldworkChecklist 41.2 LaboratoryChecklist 4

2.0 HowtoSample–StepbyStep 5–122.1 FieldPreparation 5

2.1.1 DeterminingWhentoSample 52.1.2 DeterminingtheMeanLowLowWaterMark 5

2.2 SiteAssessment 52.3 CalculatingTidalElevation 52.4 FillingOuttheForageFishHabitatBeachSurveyDatasheet 6

2.4.1 Location&HighTideEvents 62.4.2 Samplers 62.4.3 CurrentConditions 72.4.4 EpisodicEvents 72.4.5 SiteAttributes 72.4.6 SedimentSampleCollection 8

2.5 SampleCollection 92.6 SampleProcessing 10

2.6.1 SievingintheField 102.6.2 SievingattheOffice/Laboratory 112.6.3 VortexMethod 11

3.0 LaboratoryAnalysis 12–173.1 Species 13

3.1.1 PacificSandLance(Ammodyteshexapterus) 133.1.2 SurfSmelts(Hypomesuspretiosus) 133.1.3 RockSole(Lepidopsettabilinear) 133.1.4 PacificHerring(Clupeapallasii) 14

3.2 Alive-to-DeadRatio 143.3 DevelopmentStages 14

3.3.1 PacificHerring 153.3.2 SurfSmelts 16

3.4 EmbryoValidationProcess 174.0 DataManagement 175.0 BuildingaVortexMethodUnit 17–19

5.1 MaterialsRequired 175.1.1 ForConstruction 18

5.2 MaterialPreparation 185.2.1 BodyoftheVortex 185.2.2 BilgePumpPreparation 185.2.3 BlueBowlConcentratorPreparation 19

5.3 Assembly 196.0 HowtoUseaClinometer 207.0 BestPractices 21–27

7.1 IdentifyingSuitableSediment 217.1.1 SuitableSediment:Pacificsandlance 22

7.1.2 SuitableSediments:SurfSmelt 237.1.3 UnsuitableSediments 24

7.2 ForageFishSamplingMethods 257.3 SampleProcessing 257.4 LaboratoryAnalysis 267.5 HowtoSafelyUseStockard’sSolution 27

8.0 References 28 AppendixI–ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes 29–63AppendixII–FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas 64–86

1.0MATERIALCHECKLIST1.1FieldworkChecklistSampleCollection□ Datasheets/clipboard□ Locationcodesdocument□ CHSmapofsamplearea□ Pencils□ Tidetables(currentandpreviousday)□ Camera□ Thermometer□ Measuringtapex2□ Telescopinglevelingrod□ 1metrestick□ Clinometer/handsitelevel□ Compass□ GPSunit□ Scoop(500mL)□ 4litreSamplecontainers□ SampletagsSampleProcessingSievingProcess□ 5gallonbucketwithholesinthebottom□ Sieves–4.0mm,2.0mm,0.5mm□ Waterbuckets□ Waterpitcher(optional)□ Plastictub(s)□ Samplejar(s)□ Nylonbrush□ Hoseforwater1.2LaboratoryChecklist

□ Dissectingmicroscope□ Petridishes□ Smallspoon□ Pipette□ Finepointforceps□ Correspondingdatasheets□ Vials□ Stockard’ssolution□ MSDSSheetforStockard’ssolution

SampleProcessingContinuedVortexProcess□ 68litretote□ Bilgepumpwithhoseandquickconnectors□ Nylonstockingandanelastic□ BlueBowlwithstands□ 0.5mmsieve□ 12Vmarinebattery□ Shims□ Turkeybaster□ Bigplasticspoon□ Smallplasticspoon□ Rubberspatula□ Washbottle(optional)□ Stockard’ssolution□ MSDSSheetforStockard’ssolution

2.0HOWTOSAMPLE–STEPBYSTEP2.1FieldPreparation2.1.1DeterminingWhentoSample

1. Samplingoccursintheupperthirdoftheintertidalzone,selectingareasthatcontainthepreferablesedimentcomposition.Thissectionmustbeexposedinordertosample.

2. The‘idealsamplingzone’is2mto3mabovetheMeanLowLowWater(MLLW)mark,whichwillvarybasedonarea.Itisgoodpracticetoplanyoursamplingattimeswhenyour‘idealsamplingzone’isexposed.Forexample,ifyourMLLWmarkis1.2m,the‘idealsamplingzone’wouldbe3.2mto4.2m;therefore,youwouldnotwanttogotothebeachuntilthewaterlevelisat3.2morlower.

2.1.2DeterminingtheMeanLowLowWaterMark

3. ACanadianHydrographicService(CHS)mapfortheareaofinterestwillberequired.4. Eachmaphasavarietyoftidalinformationrecordedonthefrontofthemapinabox,underthe

map’stitle.Itisinthisboxthatyouwillfindthe“MeanTide/LLW”measurement,whichcanthenbeusedtodeterminethe‘idealsamplingzone’fortheregion.

2.2SiteAssessment

5. Assesstheareabasedonsedimenttype,withPacificsandlancepreferringmediumsandysediments0.25mmto0.5mm,withspawningalsodocumentedincoarsesandandfinepebblesediments1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.Surfsmeltpreferasandandpeagravelcombination,1.0mmto7.0mm.Thelandwardboundaryofthespawningareaisthe‘hightidemark’,typicallyidentifiedbyawrack(seaweed)line,andtheseawardboundaryiswherethereisachangeinsedimenttype,becominglargerinsize,orissimplyatalowerelevationifthereisnochangeinsedimenttype.Note:Seesection7.0,BestPractices,forimagesofpreferablesedimenttypes.

6. Layoutthe30mmeasuringtapethroughthemiddleofthesuitablesubstrateforforagefishspawninghabitat/activities.

2.3CalculatingTidalElevation

1. Usingthe‘CalculatingTidalElevation’portionofyourdatasheet,workthroughthefollowingsteps.

2. Recordyourbeachstationnumber.3. Usingyourlevelingrodandclinometer/handsitelevel,youwilldeterminetheelevationchange.

a. Onesamplerholdsthelevelingrodattheedgeofthewaterwhiletheotherstandsatthemeasuringtapeandlooksthroughtheclinometeratthelevelingrod.

b. Whenlookingthroughtheclinometer,determinewherethezerovalue(percentageordegrees)alignswiththelevelingrod–thiswillbeyourelevationchange.Note:Dependingontheslopeofthebeachandthedistanceofthewaterfromyour30mmeasuringtape,youmayneedtotakemultiplemeasurementstodeterminethetotalelevationchange;therefore,youwouldfilloutA,B,C,andDonyourdatasheet,asneeded.

4. Recordthetimeatthewaterline!Inotherwords,recordthetimewhenyouaretakingyourlastelevationchangemeasurement,asthiswillbethetimeyouusetodetermineheightofwaterrelativetochartdatumfromthetidechart.

5. Inthe‘SubtractEyeHeight’column,recordtheheightinwhichyouusedtheclinometer(i.e.,didyouusethe1mpostorstandandmeasurefromeyeheight).Youmustsubtracttheheightatwhichyourecordedfromforeveryelevationchangemeasurementthatyoutook.

6. Subtracttheeyeheightfromtheelevationchangeandrecordinthe‘ElevationDifference’column.

Eachcalculateddifferenceshouldberecordedandtotaledatthebottomofthecolumn.7. Recordtheelevationofthetideunderthe‘TideLevel(TideTable)’columnatthetimethelast

elevationchangewasrecorded.Note:UseEnvironmentCanada’stidechartsfortheareanearestyoursamplesite(www.tides.gc.ca).

8. Finally,calculateandrecordthe‘ElevationRelativetoChartDatum’valuebyaddingthe‘TideLevel(TideTable)’andthetotal‘ElevationDifference’values.Thiscalculationdetermineswherethe30mmeasuringtapeisinelevationrelativetoChartDatum.

9. Ifthetidalelevationis2mto3mabovetheMeanLowLowWater(checkyourCHSmap)fortheregion,thenyouarewithinthe‘idealsamplingzone’forPacificsandlanceandsurfsmeltspawning.Ifnot,adjustyour30mmeasuringtapeasisrequired,ensuringthatyoumoveitbasedonverticalelevationandnotahorizontaldistance.Note:The2mto3maboveMeanLowLowWaterisnottheprincipaldeterminantofasamplesite.Ifthesedimentappearsfavourableoutsideofthe‘idealsamplingzone’,feelfreetosamplejustmakenoteoftheelevationandsurroundingcharacteristicsunderthe“Comments”sectiononyourdatasheet.

2.4FillingouttheForageFishSpawningBeachSurveyDatasheet2.4.1Location&HighTideEvents

1. UsetheLocationCodedocumentforVancouverIslandtofillouttheregionaldistrict,aswellasthemunicipalityand/orelectoralareathatthesamplesitefallswithin.Forthebeachcodeusethefirstletterofeachwordinthenameofthebeachorthefirsttwolettersofthebeach’snameifitisonlyoneword.Forexample,thecodefor‘CommunityParkBeach’wouldbe‘CPB’,whereasthecodefor‘MorningsideBeach’couldbe‘MOR’.

2. ThenreviewFisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreastonotethefisheriesmanagementareainwhichyouaresamplingin.

3. Finally,usethetidetablesthatyouhaveprintedoffforthatdayandregiontoidentifythe“LastHighTide,”referringtothemostrecenthightideevent,and“SecondEffectiveHighTide,”whichreferstoahightidethatoccurredthepreviousdaythatreachedanelevationgreaterthanorequaltothelasthightide.Recordthedate,time,andelevationofeachrespectiveevent,ifapplicable.

Figure1.Explanationoftidesthatoccurredpriortothetimeofsampling:(1a)lasthightide,and(1b)secondeffectivehightide(MABRRI,2018).2.4.2Samplers

4. Recordthesampler’sname(s)andaffiliatedorganization,ifapplicable.

(1a) (1b)

5. Recordthedateandtimeofthesamplecollection,aswellastheidentificationnumber/nameof

thecamerathatyouareusingtotakephotos.2.4.3CurrentConditions

6. Recordthecurrentweatherconditionsincludingtheclouds,wind,andwaveconditions.7. Usetheclosestweatherstationtoyourlocationtorecordtheairtemperature,winddirection,and

windspeed.Rememberthatwindsarenamedafterthedirectiontheyarecomingfrom.Note:WeatherUnderground(wunderground.com)isausefulwebsite/apptouse.Additionally,anylocallyaccurateweatherstationsforyourareacanbeusedtorecordthecurrentconditions.

8. Usingthethermometer,recordthetemperatureofthewateratthedeepestdepthyouareabletoreachsafely.

2.4.4EpisodicEvents

9. Priortoorafterthesamplecollection,determineiftherehasbeenastormeventinthelastweek.Note:WeatherUnderground(wunderground.com)isausefulwebsite/apptouse.Additionally,anylocallyaccurateweatherstationsorbuoysforyourareacanbeusedtorecordtheconditionsexperiencedinthelastweek.

10. Iftherehasbeenastormevent,recordthedurationoftheevent,includingthedatesandtimesatwhichitoccurred,aswellasthemaximumwindspeedandtotalprecipitationthatresultedfromtheevent.Note:Stormeventscanquicklyalterabeachandmayimpactthedispersalofspawningevents.

11. Identifyifthereisevidenceofbeachwrackharvestingoccurringatthesamplesite(i.e.,all-terrainvehicletracksonthebeach,beachwrackfoundontheroadparalleltothebeach,etc.).Note:Thisisonlyrelevantwhenitislarge-scaleremoval,meaninglargevehiclesarebeingbroughtontothebeach,whichcoulddisturbtheembryosinthesedimentifworkwasbeingconductedatthesametimetheforagefishwerespawning.

2.4.5SiteAttributes

12. Usingacompass,determinetheaspectofthebeach(directionthebeachisfacing)andrecordboththecardinaldirectionandbearing(indegrees).

13. Beachslopeisdeterminedusingaclinometer.a. Eachsamplerstands2.5moneitherside(landwardandseaward)ofthe30mmeasuring

tapetodeterminetheslope.Recordtheslopeofthebeach(indegrees)onthedatasheet.Note:Refertosection6.0forhowtouseaclinometer.

14. Themaximumfetchdistanceisthelongesthorizontaldistanceoverwhichwave-generatingwindsblow.ThisdistanceismoreaccuratelydeterminedusinggeoreferencedCHSmapsorGoogleEarth.

a. InputtheGPSlocationofthesamplesiteintothemapofchoice(ageoreferencedCHSmaporGoogleEarth).

b. Usethemeasuringtool,determinethegreatestdistanceoverwhichwindcantravelundisturbed.

c. Recordthedetermineddistance.15. Abeach’sexposuretowindandwavesisreducediftherearelandmassesorobstaclesintheway.

Abeach’sexposureisdirectlycorrelatedtothefetchandcanrangefromveryprotected,havinglandmassesinfrontofit,atlessthan1km,toveryexposedandhavingnothinginfrontofitformorethan1000km.

a. Refertothebackofthedatasheettodeterminetheexposurethatcorrespondstothemaximumfetchdistancedeterminedinstep14.

Figure2.Identifyingthe‘width’ofthebeachthatissuitableforforagefishspawningactivitiesintheupperintertidalzone.

2.4.6SedimentSampleCollection

16. Recordyourbeachstationnumberandtimeatwhichyouaresampling.Note:Eachbeachstationrepresentsupto300mofbeach.Therefore,ifabeachhassuitablesedimentexpandinggreaterthan300minlength,itmaybenecessarytoestablishadditionalbeachstations.

17. RecordtheUTMcoordinatesatthe15mmarkofthe30mmeasuringtapeusingaGPSunit.18. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,foundonthebackofthedatasheet,choosethe

dominantbeachsedimenttype.Ifthereisamixofsedimentsonthebeach,identifywhichsedimenttypeisdominantinthe30mby5msamplingarea.Itcanbenotedinthecommentssectionatthebottomofthedatasheetiftherewasamixofsedimentsizes.Thesedimenttypeshouldbeapproximatedusingthesedimentgrainsizecard.

19. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,identifythecharacterofthebackshore,whichreferstohowimpactedtheareaabovethebeachstationisasaresultofhumandevelopment.

20. Withthesecondtapemeasure,measurethewidthofthepotentialforagefishspawninghabitat.Thewidthtypicallystretchesfromthehighesttidemark(eitherlasthightideorsecondeffectivehightide),usuallydeterminedbyawrackline,approximately0.5minverticalelevationbelowtheforeshorefeatures(logline,dunegrass,etc.),downtotheareathathasanotablechangeinsediment.Note:Ifthebeachhascompletelyuniformsedimentfromtoptobottom,thewidthwillextendonlyafewmetresinverticalelevation.

21. Thelengthofthepotentialforagefishspawninghabitatisreferringtothedistancealongthebeach

thatcontainsthesuitablesediment.UseaGPSunittomarkawaypointateitherendofthepotentialspawninghabitatandusingageoreferencedmaporGoogleEarth,measurethedistancebetweenthemtogetthelengthvalue.Note:Ifthelengthofpotentialspawningbeachisgreaterthan300mitisidealtoestablishasecondbeachstation.

22. Recordthesamplenumber.Anindividualbeachstationcanhavemultiplesamplesifdifferentbeachelevationsorsectionsappeartobesuitableforspawninghabitat.Note:Sampleareasareonly30mx5m;therefore,thereisapossibilitythatmorethanonesamplecanbetaken.

23. Recordthe“LandmarkObject”thatyouhavechosentomeasureyour30mmeasuringtapefrom.Theobjectmustbeapermanent,unmovableobjectatthetopofthebeach,alongthebackshore.

24. Youwillmeasurethedistancebetweenthe30mmeasuringtape,atthe15mmark,andthechosenlandmark.Besurethatthemeasurementisperpendiculartothemeasuringtape.Recordthismeasurementinthe‘LandmarkDistance(m)’column.Note:Sometimesthelandmarkdoesnotlineupwiththe15mmark.Therefore,besuretomeasurethedistanceofthelandmarktothemeasuringtapeperpendicularly.Recordinthecommentsectionwhereonthemeasuringtapethelandmarkwasmeasuredfromandwhatendofthebeachthe0mmarkislocated.Forexample,‘thelandmarkwasmeasuredfromthe24mmarkandthe0mmarkwasatthewestendofthebeach.’

25. Fillinthetidalelevationofyour30mmeasuringtapethatwasdeterminedatthebeginningofthisprocess,ifithasnotchanged.Ifyouhavemovedthemeasuringtapefromtheoriginalpositionbesuretorecordtheaccurateelevation.

26. Usingthe‘FieldObservationSamplingCodes’,recordhowshadedthesamplesiteis.Note:Thismeasurementconsidersaseasonalanddailyaverageforthesite.

27. Therearetwosedimentsamplesthatcanbecollected:a. A‘Bulk’(“B”)sampleisa4Lsedimentsamplethatiscollectedwhennoembryosare

evidentlypresentatthesite.Thisisthemostcommontypeofsampletobecollected.b. A‘Scoop’(“S”)samplerequiresthecollectionofapproximately500mLofsediment.This

methodisusedwhenembryomassesarevisibleonthebeach.Thiswillensurespeciesidentificationandminimalcollectionofembryos,reducingtheoverallimpact.

28. The‘Smelt’and‘SandLance’columnsrequireyoutopickupahandfulofsedimentandlookthroughitcarefullytoseeifyouareabletovisualizeanyembryosbeforecollection.

29. Eachsiterequiressixphotostobetaken,includingoneofthecompletedsampletag,oneofthesedimentnexttoanobjectforsizecomparison(usethesedimentgraincard),oneofthebeachbackshore,beachright,beachforeshore,andbeachleft.Ensurethatyoumove,asnecessary,togetrepresentativephotosoftheforeshoreandbackshore.Ifmultiplesamplesarecollectedatasinglebeachstationonlythephotoofthesampletagandsedimentarerequiredforeachsubsequentsample.Seesection2.3forhowtocompleteasampletag.

30. Finally,includeanyadditionalcommentsregardingthesite(s)orobjects/wildlifeyouobservedatthesiteinthe“Comments”sectionatthebottom.

2.5SampleCollection

1. Filloutasampletag,includingthedate,location(beachcode),samplestation,andsamplenumber.

2. Youwillneeda4Lplasticcontainer,afilledoutsampletag,andthe500mLscoop.

3. Yoursampleareais30mby5m–therefore,itrunsdowntheentirelengthofyour30mmeasuringtapeand2.5moneithersideofit,towardstheforeshoreandbackshore.

Figure3.Sampletag.

4. Placethesampletagintothe4Lsamplecontainer.Thesampletagwillfollowthesamplefromthis

pointforward,allthewaytothelabanalysis.5. Usingthescoopandcontainer,youwillcollect4Lofsedimentfromthesamplearea,identifying

themostidealsedimentsalongthemeasuringtapetocollect.Besuretocollectarepresentativesample,spreadingoutalongthemeasuringtapewherethesedimentisbeingcollected;collectapproximatelyhalfofthesamplefromabovethemeasuringtapeandtheotherhalffrombelow.Note:Thisisbiasedsampling.Densitycountsarenotbeingdeterminedfromthissamplingmethod,simplypresenceandnon-detection.

6. Rinsethescoopaftereverysampleyoucollecttoavoidcrosscontaminationbetweensamples.Note:Ifbulksamplescannotbeprocessedimmediately,theyshouldbestoredin0.5°Cto7°C,suchasafridge,forupto7days;thiswillaidinreducingtherateofdecompositionandembryomortality.2.6SampleProcessing Itispossibletocompletethenextstepseitherinthefieldorbackattheofficeand/orlaboratory,eachrequiringspecificequipment:2.6.1SievingintheField

1. Youwillneeda5-gallonbucketwithholesdrilledinthebottom,threestackablesieves(4.0mm,2.0mm,and0.5mm),awaterbucket,awashbucket,andasamplejar.

2. First,ensurethatthesievesarestackedintheappropriateorderfromlargesttosmallestwiththesmallestbeingonthebottom.Thenplacethesievesontopofthe5-gallonbucketandpouryoursampleintothetopsieve.Transferthesampletagintothesamplejarandensurethatthisstayswiththesamplethroughouttherestoftheprocessing.

3. Thisisatwo-personjob–thefirstpersonwillbecollectingwatertopouroverthesamplewhilethesecondpersonisresponsibleforshakingthesedimentthroughthesieves.

4. Oncethesampleisfullywashedthroughthesieves,transferthesamplefromthe0.5mmsieveintothewashbucket,thisisthesamplethatyouwillprocessusingthevortexmethod.Note:Thesedimentleftinthe4.0mmand2.0mmsievescanbedisposed.

Figure5.Researchassistantsprocessingsievingsedimentsamples.

Figure4.Samplingrequiresthecollectionofa4Lsedimentsample:(4a)and(4b)depictasamplecontainerthatisnotfilledto4L,while(4c)and(4d)showwhatafullsamplecontainershouldlooklike.

(4b) (4c)

5. Ensureyoucleanthesievesusingthenylonbrushes,andrinseoutthebucketsaftereachsample,

toavoidcrosscontaminationbetweensamples.2.6.2SievingattheOffice/Laboratory

6. Followthesamemethodasstatedabovein“SievingintheField,”butinsteadofonepersoncollectingwatertopouroverthesample,ahosecanbeusedtowashthesamplethroughwhiletheotherpersonshakesthesieves.

7. Ensurethatyouhavecollectedthesamplefromthe0.5mmsieveinawashbucket,aswellascleanthesievesand5-gallonbucketbetweeneachofthesievingevents.

2.6.3VortexMethodNote:VortexmethodinstructiondiscussedbelowisadaptedfromWDFW’spublishedmethods(Dionne,2015),whichcanbefoundhere:https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/02022.

8. Ensurethenylonstockingissecuredaroundthebilgepumpusinganelastic.

9. Fillthe68Ltotewith3to4bucketsofwater,thehose,oruntilitishalffull.

10. Putthetotelidbackonandfeedthebilgepumpthroughthesmallerhole,ensuringthatthealligatorclipsandtheflexhosestickoutandthepumpisfullysubmerged.

11. Restthe0.5mmsieveoverthelargerholeandplacethebluebowlontopofthat.Makesurethatthesieveandbluebowlareaslevelaspossible–useshimstolevelitifnecessary.

12. Connectthebilgepump’shosetothebluebowl.Beforeyouattachthebatteryclampstothe12Vbattery,ensurethatthevalveonthebluebowlisopen–itshouldneverbeclosedwhenthepumpisrunning,itwillcausethehosetoburst.Refertosection5.0tobuildavortexkitofyourownifyoudonothaveone.

13. Attachthebatteryclampstothebatteryandallowthebluebowltofillwithwater.Note:Alwaysconnectthepositivecablefirst,followedbythenegativecable.

14. Addthesedimentsampletothebluebowl.Thewatershouldbeapproximately1to2cmfromthetopofthebowlafterthesedimenthasbeenadded.

15. Addtheentiresampletothebluebowl,ensuringthatyourinseoutthewashbucketaswell.Note:Ifyouhaveaverylargesamplethatwilloverflowtheraisedcentrebesuretoprocessthesampleinmultipleportions.

16. Oncethesampleisinthebowl,usethespatulaandsmallspoonstoagitatethesedimentstartingatthecentreandmovingthesedimenttowardstheouterrim,for3minutes–thiswillreleasethelightermaterials,suchasembryosandorganicmatter.Theselightermaterialswillbecarriedbythewatervortexthroughtheraisedcentreandbecollectedinthesievebelow.

17. Afteragitation,letthewaterrunforanotherminute,allowingthevortextocollectanyofthelastmaterial.

Figure6.Vortexmethodexplanation:(6a)vortexkitset-upand(6b)howthevortexisgenerated(Dionne,2015).

18. Whenyouarereadytoshutoffthebilge

pump,youwillneedtoclosethevalveattachedtothebluebowlanddisconnectthebatteryclampsimultaneously.Closingthevalvewillensurethatsedimentdoesn’tgetsuckedbackintothebilgepump.Note:Alwaysremovethenegativecablefirst,thenthepositivecable.

19. Usingthebaster,collectthesedimentthatisdirectlybesidetheraisedcentreofthebluebowl.Thisactionwillensurethatanyfinalorganicmaterialsthatdidn’tmakeitovertherimwillbeincludedinthesample.

20. Washthefinalsamplethatwascollectedinthe0.5mmsieve,intoasamplejar.Note:Trytolimittheamountofwaterenteringintothesamplejar.

21. AddtheStockard’ssolution:a. Usingapipette,doyourbesttoremovethetoplayerofwaterinthesamplejar.b. Inawellventilatedareaandwearingglovesandsafetyglasses,addenoughStockard’s

solutiontocoverthesedimentsample.c. Thesamplecanthenbestoredatroomtemperatureuntilitcanbeanalyzed.Note:Itisup

toyourgroupifyouwillbeaddingStockard’ssolutiontothesample;itwilllikelydependonthegroup’saccesstotheappropriateequipmentanddisposalfacilities.IfyouarenotabletouseStockard’ssolution,itisbesttohavethesampleslookedatwithinsevendaysofprocessing.

22. Don’tforgettowashyoursievewiththenylonbrushandwashoutallofyourbuckets.Finally,cleanthenylonstockingthatiscoveringthepumptoensurethatallthesedimentiswashedoff.

Note:Ifyouareprocessingonthebeachwithsaltwaterbesuretoflushyourbilgepumpwithfreshwaterassoonaspossible,assalty,marinewaterwilltakeatollontheequipmentovertime.

3.0LABORATORYANALYSIS

1. Eachsampleshouldbeanalyzedseparately,ensuringnocrosscontamination.2. Usingasmallspoon,takeaverysmallamountofyoursampleandspreaditthinlyinapetridish.

Creatingasinglelayer,ratherthanathicklayerofsediment,alongthebottomofthepetridishisthebesttechniqueandwillreducethepossibilityofmissingembryos.

3. Examinetheentiresampleusingthedissectingmicroscope.4. Wheneveryouthinkthatyouhavefoundanembryo,useapipettetotransferitgentlyinto

anotherpetridish.5. Besuretoseparatealloftheembryosthatyoufindfromthesedimentforfurtheranalysis.Ifthere

areembryospresent,youwilldocument: [1]thespecies, [2]thenumberofeachspecies,and [3]thealivetodeadratioofeachspecies.Iftherearemorethan100embryos,youareonlyrequiredtostagethefirst100.Allofthisdataistobedocumentedonthedatasheet.

Figure7.Depictinghowtoagitatethesedimentinthebluebowl.

6. Afteranalysis,theembryosthatarefoundwillbepreservedinStockard’sSolution.Besureyou

areinaventilatedareaandarewearingtheappropriatesafetygear.Youwillpipettethesolutionfromthebottleintothesamplevialwiththeembryos;youonlyneedenoughsolutiontocovertheembryos.

3.1SpeciesTherearefourpotentialfishspeciesthatyouarelikelytoseewhensampling,including:3.1.1PacificSandLance(Ammodyteshexapterus)

• Embryosare0.8mmto1.0mmindiameter• Havemultiplesandgrainsattached• Notcompletelyround• Milkycolour• Thereis1largeoildropletintheyolk

3.1.2SurfSmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)

• Embryosare1.0mmto1.2mmindiameter• Theembryowillonlybeattachedtothesedimentatasingle

point,wherethemembranehasrupturedandfoldedback,exposinganadhesiveattachmentpoint,calledthe‘peduncle’

• Non-self-adhesive–donotattachtootherembryos

3.1.3RockSole(Lepidopsettabilinear)

• Perfectsphere• Verytransparent• Doesnotattachtosediment–noattachmentsites• Non-adhesive

Figure10.Rocksoleembryos(Moulton&Penttila,2006).

Figure8.Pacificsandlanceembryos.

Figure9.Surfsmeltembryos(BrianKoval,PeninsulaStreamSociety,2019).

3.1.4PacificHerring(Clupeapallasii)

• Embryosare1.3mmto1.5mmindiameter• Almostentirelyspawnonmarinevegetation• Theyhaveadistinctshellattachmentsites• Oftenfoundinlayersorclumps

3.2Alive-to-DeadRatioForagefishembryosthatarealivewillhaveadiscernableembryoinalifestageeventthatcanbedeterminedbycomparingittoyour“Embryological-StageCategories”sheet(referto“DevelopmentStages”).Foragefishembryosthataredeadwillappearopaque-white,lackadiscernableembryo,becoveredinfungus,collapsed,orappearempty(refertoimagebelow).

3.3DevelopmentStagesDevelopmentalstagedrawingshavebeenprovidedfortwoofthefourpotentialspecies,withthePacificsandlancebeingverysimilartothePacificherringdevelopmentalstages.

Figure11.Pacificherringembryos(Moulton&Penttila,2006).

Figure12.Depictionofforagefishembryosindeadordamagedstates(Moulton&Penttila,2006).

Figure13.Embryosthatarealivevshatched/dead.Figures(13a)and(13b)showsurfsmeltembryosaliveandhatched,respectively(BrianKoval,PeninsulaStreamSociety,2019).Figures(13c)and(13d)showPacificsandlanceembryosaliveandhatched,respectively.

(13a))

(13d))

(13b))

(13c))

3.3.1PacificHerringAstherearenocompositesforPacificsandlanceembryos,thePacificherringdiagramsaretobeusedasaguidewhenidentifyingdevelopmentstages,astheyhavebeennotedtobesimilartothePacificsandlancedevelopment.

Figure14.Pacificherringdevelopmentalstages(Moulton&Penttila,2006).

3.3.2SurfSmelt

Figure15.Surfsmeltdevelopmentalstages(Moulton&Penttila,2006).

3.4EmbryoValidationProcessWheneverembryosaredetectedinsamples,theywillneedtobeconfirmedbyanexpertpriortosubmissionofresultstothedatabase.

1. Usingadissectingmicroscope,takephotosoftheembryosthatwerefound.Note:Besurethatthephotosareveryclear,otherwisetheyareverydifficulttoconfirm.

2. EmailthephotostoanexpertineitherBritishColumbiaorWashingtonStatetoconfirmthespeciesofembryos.Note:Ifyouareunclearwhotocontact,reachouttooneofthemaincoordinatinggroups(MABRRI,PeninsulaStreamSociety,etc.)todeterminetheappropriatepersontocontact.

3. Onceconfirmationhasbeenreceived,thisdatacanbeuploadedintotheStraitofGeorgiaDataCentreorbeusedinreporting.

4. Save/fileacopyoftheemailwiththedatasheetstoensurethatyouhavetheconfirmationonhand,ifitiseverrequested.

4.0DATAMANAGEMENTAllforagefishdatashouldbesubmittedtothePacificSalmonFoundation’sStraitofGeorgiaDataCentre,anopen-accessdatabasehostedbytheUniversityofBritishColumbia.AlldatawithregardstoforagefishintheSalishSeawillbestoredinthisdatabase,allowingforanyoneinterestedinthedatatoaccessit.Youcanaccessthedatabasefromthislink:http://sogdatacentre.ca/.Ifyouareunsurewhotocontactwithregardstodatasubmissionorformatting,contactoneofthemaincoordinatinggroups(MABRRI,PeninsulaStreamSociety,etc.)todeterminetheappropriatepersontocontact.5.0BUILDINGAVORTEXMETHODUNIT5.1MaterialsRequired

□ 68litretotewithlid□ Waterbucket□ Bluebowlconcentrator□ Anadjustablehosevalve□ 750to1000GPHsubmersibleelectricwaterpump□ Alligatorclips□ Nylonstockingsandanelastic□ 60cmlengthof¾”corrugatedhose□ ¾”malehosefitting□ 2x¾”hoseclamps□ Quickconnecthosefittings□ 0.5mmSieve□ Washtub□ Shims□ Rubberspatula□ Largeplasticspoon

□ Smallplasticspoons□ Baster□ Nylonbrush□ Washbottle(optional)□ Metalhangers(optional)□ 12Vmarinebattery5.1.1Forconstruction□ Boxcutter□ Permanentmarker□ Electricaltape5.2MaterialPreparation5.2.1BodyoftheVortex

1. Cuttwoholesinthetote’slid:onesmalleroneinthetopcornerfortheflexhoseandbatteryclampstocomeoutofandonelargerroundonethatthe0.5mmsievewillsiton.Youwillhavetocustomizethisholetoensurethatyoursievewillnotfallthrough.Note:Itissuggestedyoudrawtheholeswithamarkerpriortocutting,ensuringthattheholeswillnotbetoobig.

5.2.2BilgePumpPreparation

2. Connectthebilgepumptooneendofthecorrugatedhoseusingoneofthehoseclamps.3. Insertthe¾”malehosefittingintotheotherendofthecorrugatedhoseandsecureitwiththe

secondhoseclamp.4. Addoneofthequickconnectorfittingstothemalehosefittingonthecorrugatedhose.5. Usingpliers,attachthealligatorclampstothebilgepumpcables.Besuretoconnecttheclampsto

theappropriatecables.6. Stretchthenylonstockingoverthepump’swaterintakeandsecureinplacewithanelastic.The

stockingensuresthatifanyembryosarelostinthetote,theywillnotpassthroughthepumpandintothebluebowl,potentiallycrosscontaminatingsamplesifmultiplearebeingprocessed.Note:Besurethenylonstockingistightsothestockingdoesnotgetsuckedinwhenthepumpisturnedon.

Figure16.Depictinghowtocuttheholesintovortexkitlid(Dionne,2015).

Figure17.Bilgepumppreparation:(17a)identifiesthematerialsthatwillberequiredtoprepthebilgepumpand(17b)depictshowthebilgepumpshouldlookwhenputtogether.

(17a))

(17b))

5.2.3BlueBowlConcentratorPreparation

7. Addthesecondquickconnectorfittingtothebluebowlconcentrator.8. Prepare‘legs’forthebluebowlbycuttingthemetalhangerswithwirecuttersandfoldingthe

endsofthemetalhangersback.Note:Thebluebowlconcentratorscomewith‘legs’,howevertheyaretypicallytoosmallandresultinthebluebowlslippingoffofthesieve.Therefore,itisrecommendedtobuildtheselonger‘legs’toensurethesamplebeingprocesseddoesnotslipoff.

Figure18.Bluebowlconcentratorpreparation:(18a)identifiesthematerialsthatwillberequiredtoprepthebluebowland(18b)depictshowthebluebowlshouldlookwhenputtogether.

5.3Assembly

9. Onalevelsurface,fillthetotehalffullofwater,placethebilgepumpinthetote,andsecurethetote’slid,feedingthealligatorclampsandcorrugatedhosethroughthe“pumphole.”

10. Setthe0.5mmsieveovertopofthe“waterreturnhole”andstackthebluebowlontopofthesieve,extendingthe‘legs’soitsitslevel.

11. Attachthecorrugatedhosetothebluebowlusingthequickconnectorfittings.ThefinalproductshouldappearlikeFigure19.

12. Followthesedimentprocessingdetailsinsection2.6‘SampleProcessing–VortexMethod’.

Figure19.Howtosetupavortexkitset-up(Dionne,2015).

(18a))

(18b))

6.0HOWTOUSEACLINOMETER1. Partnerupandstandatthesameelevationafewmetres

apartandfacingeachother.2. Holdtheclinometeruptoyourdominanteye.Keepboth

eyesopenandlookthroughthesightlens.3. Whileholdingtheclinometeruptoyoureye,linethe

crosshairupwiththezero.Whenaligned,useyourothereyetonotewhatpartofyourpartnersbodythecrosshairintersects(i.e.,chin,nose,etc.).

4. Nowhavethetallerpartnerstand2.5montheseawardsideofthe30mmeasuringtape.

5. Lookthroughtheclinometeratyourpartnerandlocatethesamereferencepoint(i.e.,chin,nose,etc.)thatwasdesignatedinstep3.

6. Atthispointyoucaneitherdeterminetheslopeindegrees(usingtheleftside),orinpercent(usingtherightside).

Figure20.Clinometer(TrekkInn,n.d.).

7.0BESTPRACTICES7.1IdentifyingSuitableSedimentWhenselectingspawninghabitat,differentspeciesofforagefishhavedifferentpreferencesfordifferentsedimenttypes.Itisnotuncommonthatthereisalotofbrokenshellmaterialmixedinwiththesandandgravel.Donottrytoavoidtheshellmaterialsasforagefishembryoscanattachtotheshells,astheyarethesamesizeastheirfavourablesediments.

Figure21.IdentifyingwhichbeachesarepreferableforPacificsandlanceandsurfsmelttouseforspawning.

Mud&Silt PureSand PeaGravel PebbleGravel CobbleGravel

PacificsandlanceSpawningBeaches

SurfsmeltSpawningBeaches

7.1.1SuitableSediment:PacificSandLance(PSL)PacificsandlancespawnfromNovembertomid-Februaryandprefermediumsand0.25mmto0.5mmindiameter,withspawningalsodocumentedincoarsesandandfinepebblesedimentsfrom1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.

Figure22.Puresand:preferablesedimentforPSLspawning(toscale).

Figure23.Peagravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforPSLspawning(toscale).

7.1.2SuitableSediment:SurfSmelt(SS)Surfsmeltspawnhavebeenfoundtospawnyear-roundincoarsesandtofinepebblesedimentmixesrangingfrom1.0mmto7.0mmindiameter.

Figure24.Peagravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforSSspawning(toscale).

Figure25.Pebblegravelwithsandbase:preferablesedimentforSSspawning(toscale).

7.1.3UnsuitableSedimentsSomeofthesedimentsthatbeachesconsistofarenotsuitableforPacificsandlanceandsurfsmelttospawnon.Largecobblenotideal;althoughforagefishembryoscanattachtothislargersediment,theyarelesslikelytosurvive.Additionally,mudandsiltistoofineandcompact,makingitdifficultforrespirationtooccurandincreasingthelikelihoodofembryosmothering.

Figure26.Cobblegravelwithasandbase:unsuitablesedimentforPSLandSSspawning(toscale).

7.2ForageFishSamplingMethodsAfewthingstoconsiderwhensampling:

• Selectthemostideallookingsediment,samplingthosesedimentsthatareapproximately0.2mmto7.0mmindiameterwillprovideyouwiththegreatestpotentialofcapturingaspawningevent.Thisisbiasedsampling,buttheseprotocolsareusedtodeterminewhereandwhensurfsmeltand/orPacificsandlancearespawninginBritishColumbia.Therefore,thedatacollectedwillindicatespawningpresenceornon-detection.

• Wheninvestigatingabeach’ssedimentcomposition,besuretomovesomeofthetoplayeroflargersedimentorseaweedoutofthewaytodetermineif:

o theidealsedimentidentifiedonthesurfaceisafewcentimetersthickandnotjustasmalllayersituatedovertopoflargercobblesediments;or,

o thenotidealsediment(i.e.,largercobble)identifieddoesnothavealayerofidealsedimentbelowitbeforemovingontothenextbeach.Note:Whensamplingyoucanmovethetoplayerofsedimentandscooptheidealsedimentbelow.Thiscanbedonebecausewhenspawningoccurs,thewaveactionmovestheembryosaround,allowingthemtosettledownunderthelargersediment.

• Whencollectingthesediment,doyourbesttogetarepresentativesampleoftheentiresamplearea(30mby5m).Asimplewaytodothisistomarkthe15mmarkalongthe30mmeasuringtapeandenvisionthatyourareaisdividedinto4equalquadrats,each15mby2.5m(seebelow).Bydoingthisyoucancollectapproximately25%ofyoursamplefromeachsection.

Figure27.Anexampleofhowtovisualizethesamplingareatocollecttherepresentativesample:(27a)breakingthe30mby5mintoquadrats,and(27b)thequadratsdrawnoutonabeach.Note:Ifaportionofyoursampleareahasnon-idealsediment(bedrock,largecobble,mud,orsilt),doyourbesttogetanequalamountofsedimentfromeachoftheidealsections.7.3SampleProcessingAfewthingstoconsiderwhenprocessingyoursample(s):

• Whentransferringthesamplefromthesievetothewashtubinthefield,pourthewaterthroughthebackofthesieveandslowlyrotatethesievetoensuretheentiresamplehasbeentransferred.

(27a) (27b)

Note:Whenusingahose,itisstilleasiesttospraythesievefromthebacksidetotransfertheentiretyofthesampleintothewashtub.

• Whensievinginthefield,youcanuseawaterpitcherinsteadofalargewaterbuckettoreducephysicalailments,aswellashavebettercontrolofthewaterflow.

• Ifyoustillretainaverylargesampleafteryouhaveprocessedyoursamplethroughthesieves,itisbesttoprocessthesampleinmultiple‘batches’throughthevortexkit;thiswillenablethegreatestamountofthepreferentialsedimentstobecollected.

• Whenyouhavecompletedbothprocessingsteps,sievesandthevortexkit,andyouaretransferringyoursampleintoajar,itisbesttofirstscoopthebulkofthesedimentintothejarwithasmallspoon(ratherthanusingwatertocoerceyoursampleintothejar).Ifyouusewaterfromthestart,thereisthepotentialthatyourjarwilloverflow,whichmayresultinlosingsomeofyoursample.

• Besuretocleanallyourgearbetweensamples(i.e.,sieves,bluebowl,buckets,baster,spoons,etc.)topreventcrosscontamination.

• Ifyouusesaltwatertoprocessyoursample,besuretorinseallofyourgearwithfreshwaterassoonaspossible,includingflushingthebilgepump.

7.4LaboratoryAnalysisAfewthingstoconsiderwhenanalyzingyoursample(s):

• Drawinggridlinesorasetofcirclesonthebottomofthepetridishcanaidindistinguishingwhereinthepetri-dishyouhavealreadylooked

• Whenputtingsedimentintothepetridishtoanalyze,besuretoonlyputinaverysmallamounttomakeasinglelayerofsediment.Ifsedimentsarestackedontopofoneanother,processingthemtakeslongeranditislesslikelythatyouwillseetheembryosmixedinamongstthesediment.

• Lookformovementinthepetridishwhenmovingitaround.Theembryosswayinthewaterwhenthedishismovedaround,whereasthesedimentwillremainsteady.

• Whenyouthinkyouhavefoundanembryo,usetheforcepstogentlysqueezeit–thiswillensurethatitisnotarockorapieceofplastic.

• Ifthesampleisnotinpreservative,besuretokeepitinacoolplace(i.e.,fridge)andanalyzeyoursampleswithinsevendays.

Figure28.Petridisheswithgridlinesandcirclestoaidinanalysisprocess.

7.5HowtoSafelyUseStockard’sSolutionAlthoughStockard’ssolutionismorepotentthanethanol,therearesomebenefitstousingit.ItisrecommendedthatStockard’ssolutionbeusedbecauseethanolcanbleachanddesiccatetheembryos,makingspeciesidentificationdifficult.Additionally,whentheembryosarepreservedinStockard’ssolutionthancanbestoredforyearsandcanbeusedforeducationalpurposes.Therefore,thereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenusingit:

• EnsuretohavetheMSDSsheetonhand• RecommendedtohaveWHMIStraining• Besuretobeinawellventilatedspace(i.e.,outside,fumehood)andwearingglovesandsafety

glasseswhenusing• UseapipettetotransfertheStockard’ssolutionintothejarorvialinacontrolledfashion• Whenfillingthesedimentorembryos,onlyaddenoughsolutiontofullycoverthem• EnsuredisposalofStockard’ssolutionintheappropriatelocationaccordingtotheMSDSsheet

8.0REFERENCESAvarietyofdocumentsandresourceswereusedtoproducethismanual,including:Dionne,P.(2020).Personalcommunication.

Dionne,P.(2015).Vortexmethodforseparationofforagefisheggsfrombeachsediment.WashingtonDepartmentofFishandWildlife,1-14.

FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO).(2002).Surfsmelt:StockstatusreportB6-09(2002).Retrievedfromhttps://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/345799.pdf

Koval,B.(2019).Imagesofembryos.

MeiselRockProducts.(2015).Sandandgraveluses.Retrievedfromhttp://www.meiselrockproducts.com/sand-and-gravel-uses/

Moulton,L.L.&Penttila,D.E.(2006).SanJuanCountyforagefishassessmentproject:Fieldmanualfor

samplingforagefishspawninintertidalshoreregions.RetrievedfromtheWashingtonDepartmentofFish&Wildlife.

Robards,M.D.,Piatt,J.F.,&Rose,G.A.(1999).Maturation,fecundity,andintertidalspawningofPacificsandlanceinthenorthernGulfofAlaska.JournalofFishBiology,54,1050-1068.

Robinson,C.(2020).Personalcommunication.

Swanpark.(2019).Whitepeagravel.Retrievedfromhttp://swanpark.site/white-pea-gravel/Thuringer,P.(2003).DocumentingPacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)spawninghabitatin

BaynesSoundandthepotentialinteractionswithintertidalshellfishaquaculture.Retrievedfromhttps://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/slrp/marine/south_island/baynes/docs/sandlance/baynes_sandlance_%20draftreport.pdf

Thuringer,P.(2017).Personalcommunication.Thuringer,P.(2020).Personalcommunication.TrekkInn.(n.d.).Suunto.Retrievedfromhttps://www.trekkinn.com/berg/suunto-pm-5-66-pc-opti-

clinometer/22183/p

AppendixI:ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes

Developedby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)

May2018Revised:August2019

ForageFishSampling:LocationCodes

TABLEOFCONTENTS1.0 Intro 34 2.0 RegionalDistrictofMountWaddington(RDMW) 35–36

2.1 Municipalities 352.2 ElectoralAreas 36

3.0 StrathconaRegionalDistrict(SRD) 37–383.1 Municipalities 373.2 ElectoralAreas 38

4.0 ComoxValleyRegionalDistrict(CMVRD) 39–404.1 Municipalities 394.2 ElectoralAreas 40

5.0 Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict(ACRD) 41–425.1 Municipalities 415.2 ElectoralAreas 42

6.0 RegionalDistrictofNanaimo 43–446.1 Municipalities 436.2 ElectoralAreas 44

7.0 CowichanValleyRegionalDistrict(CWVRD) 45–467.1 Municipalities 457.2 ElectoralAreas 46

8.0 CapitalRegionalDistrict(CRD) 47–508.1 Municipalities 478.2 ElectoralAreas 50

9.0GulfIslands(GI) 5110.0PowellRiverRegionalDistrict(PRRD) 52 10.1Municipalities 52 10.2ElectoralAreas 5211.0SunshineCoastRegionalDistrict(SCRD) 53 11.1Municipalities 53 11.2ElectoralAreas 5312.0MetroVancouverRegionalDistrict(MVRD) 54–58 12.1Municipalities 54 12.2ElectoralAreas 5813.0References 59AppendixA:QuickSummaryofLocationCodes 60–62AppendixB:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristics 63

FIGURES

Figure1:Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixB) 6Figure2:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure3:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure4:DistrictofPortHardy 7Figure5:TownofPortMcNeill 7Figure6:VillageofPortAlice 8Figure7:VillageofAlertBay 8Figure8:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington 8Figure9:VillageofZeballos 9Figure10:VillageofTahsis 9Figure11:VillageofGoldRiver 9Figure12:VillageofSayward 9Figure13:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure14:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure15:CityofCampbellRiver 10Figure16:ElectoralAreasofStrathconaRegionalDistrict 10Figure17:VillageofCumberland 11Figure18:TownofComox 11Figure19:CityofCourtenay 11Figure20:ElectoralAreasofComoxValleyRegionalDistrict 12Figure21:DistrictofTofino 13Figure22:DistrictofUcluelet 13Figure23:CityofPortAlberni 13Figure24:ElectoralAreasoftheAlberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict 14Figure25:CityofNanaimo 15Figure26:CityofParksville 15Figure27:TownofQualicumBeach 15Figure28:DistrictofLantzville 16Figure29:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofNanaimo 16Figure30:TownofLadysmith 17Figure31:MunicipalityofNorthCowichan 17Figure32:TownofLakeCowichan 17

Figure33:CityofDuncan 18Figure34:ElectoralAreasoftheCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict 18Figure35:TownofSidney 19 Figure36:DistrictofCentralSaanich 19Figure37:DistrictofNorthSaanich 19Figure38:DistrictofHighlands 19Figure39:DistrictofSaanich 20Figure40:DistrictofSooke 20Figure41:DistrictofMetchosin 20Figure42:CityofLangford 20Figure43:TownofViewRoyal 21 Figure44:CityofColwood 21Figure45:TownshipofEsquimalt 21Figure46:DistrictofOakBay 21Figure47:CityofVictoria 22Figure48:ElectoralAreasoftheCapitalRegionalDistrict 22Figure49:SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea 23Figure50:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea 23Figure51:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea 23Figure52:CityofPowellRiver 24Figure53:ElectoralAreasofthePowellRiverRegionalDistrict 24Figure54:TownofGibsons 25

Figure55:DistrictofSechelt 25Figure56:ElectoralareasoftheSunshineCoastRegionalDistrict 25Figure57:VillageofAnmore 26Figure58:VillageofBelcarra 26

Figure59:BowenIslandMunicipality 26Figure60:CityofBurnaby 26Figure61:CityofDelta 27

Figure62:DistrictofNorthVancouver 27Figure63:VillageofLion’sBay 27Figure64:CityofMapleRidge 27Figure65:CityofNorthVancouver 28

Figure66:CityofPortMoody 28Figure67:CityofRichmond 28

Figure68:CityofSurrey 28Figure69:TsawwassenFirstNationland 29Figure70:CityofVancouver 29Figure71:CityofWhiteRock 29

Figure72:DistrictofWestVancouver 29Figure73:ElectoralAreaAinMetroVancouverRegionalDistrict 30Figure74:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristicsDataSheet 35

1.0INTRODUCTION

‘Foragefishes’isatermreferringtospeciesofsmall,schoolingfishesthatareanimportantfoodsourceforlargermammals,seabirds,andfish(Penttila,2007).AccordingtotheBCMinistryofEnvironment,foragefish,alsoknownaspelagicfishes,consistofnumerousspecies,including:herring,anchovies,smelts,capelin,sardines,eulachonandsandlance(BCMinistryofEnvironment,2014).Thesespeciesareclassifiedbasedontheirecologicalroleinthemarineecosystem,ratherthantheirtaxonomy.Foragefishpopulationsaredecliningglobally,subsequentlyincreasingadverseimpactsculturally,ecologically,andeconomically(Mckechnieetal.,2014).

AlthoughforagefishhabitatsareidentifiedascriticalfishhabitatundertheCanadianFisheriesAct,makingthemprotected,BChaslittledataregardingthelocationandtimingassociatedwiththesehabitats(deGraaf,2010).Inresponsetothisdatagap,theSeaWatchSocietydevelopedtheForageFishProgram(FFP),whichinvolvespotentialspawningsiteidentification,aswellassitesurveying,mapping,andmonitoringoftwoforagefishspecieswithinBC,surfsmeltandPacificsandlance(deGraaf,2013).TheFFPinvolvestrainingvolunteersandcommunitygroupsalongthecoastofBCtoidentifypotentialspawningsitesofthesetwospeciesandoffermonitoringoftheselocations(deGraaf,2013).

In2017,theMountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)atVancouverIslandUniversitywastrainedtousethe“vortexmethod”byaNearshoreandForageFishSpecialistfromtheWashingtonStateDepartmentofFishandWildlife.TheMABRRIteammonitorsbeachesalongthecoast,aswellastrainscitizenscientiststodothesameinordertobuildthecapacityofthisproject.Since2017,othergroups,includingPeninsulaStreamSociety,havebegunmonitoringandtrainingcitizensciencegroupstofurtherexpandthisinitiative’scapacityandrange.Byregularlymonitoringthebeaches,thisinitiativeaimstoreducethecurrentdatagapthatexistsregardingforagefishspawninghabitatalongtheVancouverIslandandGulfIslandcoastlines.

MABRRIcreatedthisquickreferencedocument,inadditiontothe“FisheriesandOceans(DFO)CanadaManagementAreas:VancouverIsland”document,inordertoaidinthestandardizationofdatacollectionanddatareferencing.CodesforlocationsacrosstheentiretyofVancouverIslandandtheGulfIslandswerecreatedinordertoretrievesitespecificdatainatimelyfashion.EachsitethatissampledwillhaveacorrespondingcodethatincludestheregionaldistrictofVancouverIsland,themunicipalityand/orelectoralarea,andthebeach(Figure1).Thisdocumentincludesthecodesthatwereassignedtoeachregionaldistrict,municipality,andelectoralarea.

Region Municipality Beach DFO Mngt Area Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixB)

Figure2:DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure3.DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure4:DistrictofPortHardy.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

2.0REGIONALDISTRICTOFMOUNTWADDINGTON(RDMW)

2.1Municipalities

PH-DistrictofPortHardy

PM–TownofPortMcNeill

Figure5:TownofPortMcNeill.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure7:VillageofAlertBay.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure8:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington.Source:RegionalDistrictofMountWaddingtonWebsite(2017)

PO–VillageofPortAlice AB–VillageofAlertBay

Figure6:VillageofPortAlice.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

2.2ElectoralAreas

Figure10:VillageofTahsis.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure11:VillageofGoldRiver.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017) Figure12:VillageofSayward.

Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

3.0STRATHCONAREGIONALDISTRICT(SRD)

3.1Municipalities

ZE–VillageofZeballos TA–VillageofTahsis

Figure9:VillageofZeballos.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

GR–VillageofGoldRiver SA–VillageofSayward

Figure16:ElectoralAreasofStrathconaRegionalDistrict.Source:StrathconaRegionalDistrictWebsite(2013)

Figure14Figure15

CR–CityofCampbellRiver

Figures13–15:CityofCampbellRiver.Source:CityofCampbellRiverWebsite(2017)

3.2ElectoralAreas

Figure19:CityofCourtenay.Source:CityofCourtenayWebsite(2015)

4.0COMOXVALLEYREGIONALDISTRICT(CMVRD)

4.1Municipalities

CU–VillageofCumberland

Figure17:VillageofCumberland.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

CT–CityofCourtenay

CM–TownofComox

Figure18:TownofComox.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure20:ElectoralAreasofComoxValleyRegionalDistrict.Source:ComoxValleyRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

4.2ElectoralAreas

Figure22:DistrictofUcluelet.Source:UniversityofBritishColumbia’sDepartmentofGeography(2005)

Figure23:CityofPortAlberni.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

5.0ALBERNI-CLAYOQUOTREGIONALDISTRICT(ACRD)

5.1Municipalities

TO–DistrictofTofino UC–DistrictofUcluelet

Figure21:DistrictofTofino.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

CP–CityofPortAlberni

5.2ElectoralAreas

Figure24:ElectoralAreasoftheAlberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict.Source:Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure26:CityofParksville.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure27:TownofQualicumBeach.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

6.0REGIONALDISTRICTOFNANAIMO(RDN)

6.1Municipalities

NA–CityofNanaimo PK–CityofParksville

Figure25:CityofNanaimo.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

QB–TownofQualicumBeach

LA–DistrictofLantzville

Figure28:DistrictofLantzville.Source:DistrictofLantzvilleWebsite(2017)

6.2ElectoralAreas

Figure29:ElectoralAreasoftheRegionalDistrictofNanaimo.Source:RegionalDistrictofNanaimoWebsite(2016)

Figure31:MunicipalityofNorthCowichan.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

7.0COWICHANVALLEYREGIONALDISTRICT(CWVRD)

7.1Municipalities

LS–TownofLadysmith NC–MunicipalityofNorthCowichan

Figure30:TownofLadysmith.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

LC–TownofLakeCowichan

Figure32:TownofLakeCowichan.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

DU–CityofDuncan

Figure33:CityofDuncan.Source:CityofDuncanWebsite(2017)

7.2ElectoralAreas

Figure34:ElectoralAreasoftheCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict.Source:OneCowichanWebsite(2014)

Figure37:DistrictofNorthSaanich.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure36:DistrictofCentralSaanich.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

Figure38:DistrictofHighlands.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

8.0CAPITALREGIONALDISTRICT(CRD)

8.1Municipalities

SI–TownofSidney CS–DistrictofCentralSaanich

Figure35:TownofSidney.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)NS–DistrictofNorthSaanich HI–DistrictofHighlands

Figure40:DistrictofSooke.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure42:CityofLangford.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

SN–DistrictofSaanich SO–DistrictofSooke

Figure39:DistrictofSaanich.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

ME–DistrictofMetchosin LF–CityofLangford

Figure41:DistrictofMetchosin.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure45:TownshipofEsquimalt.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure46:DistrictofOakBay.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure44:CityofColwood.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

VR–TownofViewRoyal CO–CityofColwood

Figure43:TownofViewRoyal.Source:GoogleMapsImagery(2017)

ES–TownshipofEsquimalt OB–DistrictofOakBay

Figure48:ElectoralAreasoftheCapitalRegionalDistrict.Source:BrianLaingRealtorWebsite(2012)

VI–CityofVictoria

Figure47:CityofVictoria.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)8.2ElectoralAreas

JF SG SSJuandeFuca SouthernGulfIslands SaltSpringIsland

Figure50:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

Figure51:SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

9.0GULFISLANDS(GI)

SS–SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea SG–SouthernGulfIslandsElectoralArea

Figure49:SaltSpringIslandElectoralArea.Source:CapitalRegionalDistrictWebsite(2017)

10.0POWELLRIVERREGIONALDISTRICT(PRRD)

10.1Municipalities

PR–CityofPowellRiver

Figure52:CityofPowellRiver.Source:qathetRegionalDistrictMapping(2019)

10.2ElectoralAreas

Figure53:ElectoralAreasofthePowellRiverRegionalDistrict.Source:qathetRegionalDistrictWebsite(2018)

Figure56:ElectoralareasoftheSunshineCoastRegionalDistrict.Source:SCRDWebsite(2015)

11.0SUNSHINECOASTREGIONALDISTRICT(SCRD)

11.1Municipalities

GB–TownofGibsons SE–DistrictofSechelt

Figure54:TownofGibsons.Source:TownofGibsonsWebsite(2015)

11.2ElectoralAreas

Figure55:DistrictofSechelt.Source:DistrictofSecheltWebsite(2019)

12.0METROVANCOUVERREGIONALDISTRICT(MVRD)

12.1Municipalities

AN–VillageofAnmore BE–VillageofBelcarra

Figure57:VillageofAnmore.Source:VillageofAnmoreOfficialCommunityPlan(2014)

BI–BowenIslandMunicipality BU–CityofBurnaby

Figure59:BowenIslandMunicipality.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

Figure58:VillageofBelcarra.Source:Wikipedia(2019)

Figure60:CityofBurnaby.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

Figure62:DistrictofNorthVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

Figure64:CityofMapleRidge.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

DE–CityofDelta DN–DistrictofNorthVancouver

Figure61:CityofDelta.Source:Wikipedia(2019)

LB–VillageofLion’sBay MR–CityofMapleRidge

Figure63:VillageofLion’sBay.Source:Wikipedia(2019)

Figure66:CityofPortMoody.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

Figure68:CityofSurrey.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

NV–CityofNorthVancouver PY–CityofPortMoody

Figure65:CityofNorthVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

RI–CityofRichmond SU–CityofSurrey

Figure67:CityofRichmond.Source:CityofRichmondWebsite(2018)

Figure70:CityofVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

Figure72:DistrictofWestVancouver.Source:TourismVancouverWebsite(2019)

TS–TsawwassenFirstNation VA–CityofVancouver

Figure69:TsawwassenFirstNationland.Source:IndigenousandNorthernAffairsCanadaWebsite(2010)

WR–CityofWhiteRock WV–DistrictofWestVancouver

Figure71:CityofWhiteRock.Source:WhiteRockLifestylesWebsite(2019)

12.2ElectoralAreas

MA–MVRDElectoralAreaA

Figure73:ElectoralAreaAinMetroVancouverRegionalDistrict.Source:Wikipedia(2019)

13.0REFERENCES

DeGraaf,R.(2010).PreliminaryHabitatAssessmentforsuitabilityofintertidallyspawningforagefishspecies,Pacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)andsurfsmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)EsquimaltLagoon,Colwood,BritishColumbia.RetrievedfromCapitalRegionalDistrictwebsite:https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/es-harbours-pdf/esquimalt-lagoon/esquimaltlagoon-foragefishsurvey-degraffe-2010.pdf?sfvrsn=2DeGraaf,R.(2013,August).ForageFish.PresentedatThetisIsland,stewardingourshoresWorkshop,ThetisIsland,Canada.Retrievedfromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4C52I6k-XU

McKechnie,I.,Lepofsky,D.,Moss,M.L.,Butler,V.L.,Orchard,T.J.,Coupland,G.,Foster,F.,Caldwell,M.,Lertzman,K.(2014).ArcheologicaldataprovidealternativehypothesesonPacificherring(Clupeapallasii)distribution,abundance,andvariability.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.111,E807-E816.

BCMinistryofEnvironment.(2014).EnvironmentalGuidelinesforUrbanandRuralLandDevelopmentinBritishColumbia.DevelopwithCare:FactSheet#21:CoastalForageFish.Retrievedfrom:http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/devwithcare/Fact-Sheet-21-Forage-Fish.pdf

Pentilla,D.,2007.MarineForageFishesinPugetSound.PreparedinsupportofthePugetSoundNearshorePartnership.TechnicalReportNo.2007-03.PublishedbySeattleDistrict,U.W.ArmycorpsofEngineers,Seattle,Washington.

APPENDIXA:QUICKSUMMARYOFLOCATIONCODES

Alberni-ClayoquotRegionalDistrict–ACRDBamfieldACRDElectoralAreaA-BFCityofPortAlberni–CPDistrictofTofino–TODistrictofUcluelet–UCLongBeachACRDElectoralAreaC-LOCapitalRegionalDistrict–CRDCityofColwood–COCityofLangford–LFCityofVictoria–VIDistrictofCentralSaanich–CSDistrictofHighlands-HIDistrictofMetchosin–MEDistrictofNorthSaanich–NSDistrictofOakBay–OBDistrictofSaanich–SNDistrictofSooke–SOJuandeFucaCRDElectoralArea–JFSaltSpringIslandCRDElectoralArea–SSSouthernGulfIslandsCRDElectoralArea–SGTownofSidney–SITownofViewRoyal–VRTownshipofEsquimalt–ESComoxValleyRegionalDistrict–CMVRDBaynesSound–Denman/HornbyIslandsCMVRDElectoralAreaA–BSCityofCourtenay–CTLazoNorthCMVRDElectoralAreaB–LNPuntledge-BlackCreekCMVRDElectoralAreaC–PUTownofComox–CMVillageofCumberland–CUCowichanValleyRegionalDistrict–CWVRDCityofDuncan–DUCobbleHillCWVRDElectoralAreaC–CHCowichanBayCWVRDElectoralAreaD–CBCowichanLakeSouth–SkutzFallsCWVRDElectoralAreaF–CLGulfIslands–SaltairCWVRDElectoralAreaG–GIMillBay–MalahatCWVRDElectoralAreaA–MBMunicipalityofNorthCowichan–NCNorthOyster–DiamondCWVRDElectoralAreaH–NOTownofLadysmith–LSTownofLakeCowichan–LC

MetroVancouverRegionalDistrict–MVRDBowenIslandMunicipality–BICityofBurnaby–VUCityofDelta–DECityofMapleRidge–MRCityofNorthVancouver–NVCityofPortMoody–PYCityofRichmond–RICityofSurrey–SUCityofVancouver–VACityofWhiteRock–WRDistrictofNorthVancouver–DNDistrictofWestVancouver–WVMVRDElectoralAreaA–MATsawwassenFirstNation–TSVillageofAnmore–ANVillageofBelcarra–BEVillageofLion’sBay–LBPowellRiverRegionalDistrict–PRRDCityofPowellRiver–PRLasquetiIslandPRRDElectoralAreaE–LIPRRDElectoralAreaA–PAPRRDElectoralAreaB–PBPRRDElectoralAreaC–PCTexadaIslandPRRDElectoralAreaD–TIRegionalDistrictofMountWaddington–RDMWDistrictofPortHardy–PHRDMWElectoralAreaA–RARDMWElectoralAreaB–RBRDMWElectoralAreaC–RCRDMWElectoralAreaD–RDTownofPortMcNeill–PMVillageofAlertBay–ABVillageofPortAlice–PORegionalDistrictofNanaimo–RDNCassidy,Cedar,YellowPoint,SouthWellingtonRDNElectoralAreaA–CCCityofNanaimo–NACityofParksville–PKDistrictofLantzville–LAFrenchCreek,Dashwood,EnglishmanRiverRDNElectoralAreaG–FC

Gabriola,DeCourcy,MudgeIslandsRDNElectoralAreaB–GDNanooseBayRDNElectoralAreaE–NBShawHill,QualicumBay,DeepBay,Bowser,SpiderLake,HorneLakeRDNElectoralAreaH–SHTownofQualicumBeach–QBStrathconaRegionalDistrict–SRDCityofCampbellRiver–CRCoretesSRDElectoralAreaB–CIDiscoveryIslands–MainlandInletsSRDElectoralAreaC–DMKyuquot/Nootka-SaywardSRDElectoralAreaA–KNOysterBay-ButtleLakeSRDElectoralAreaD–BLVillageofGoldRiver–GRVillageofSayward–SAVillageofTahsis–TAVillageofZeballos–ZESunshineCoastRegionalDistrict–SCRDDistrictofSechelt–SEEgmont-PenderHarbourSCRDElectoralAreaA–EGElphinstoreSCRDElectoralAreaE–ELHalfmoonBaySCRDElectoralAreaB–HBRobertsCreekSCRDElectoralAreaD–ROTownofGibsons–GBWestHoweSoundSCRDElectoralAreaF–WH

APPENDIXB:FORAGEFISHSPAWNINGBEACHSURVEY–HABITATCHARACTERISTICS

Figure74:ForageFishSpawningBeachSurvey–HabitatCharacteristicsDataSheet

AppendixII:FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIslandImageryGatheredby:MountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)

May2018

FisheriesandOceansCanada(DFO)ManagementAreas:VancouverIsland

TABLEOFCONTENTS

1.0Introduction 67

2.0FisheriesandOceansManagementAreas:Vancouver&GulfIslands 68–85

2.1Area11:CapeCaution,WestcottPoint 68

2.2Area12:NorthernJohnstoneStrait 69

2.3Area13:QuadraIsland,CortesIsland 70

2.4Area14:OysterRiver,Parksville 71

2.5Area15:BrettellPoint,PowellRiver 72

2.6Area16:TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInlet 73

2.7Area17:NanooseBay,GalianoIsland 74

2.8Area18:MayneIsland,Saanich 75

2.9Area19:Saanich,WilliamHead 76

2.10Area20:Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouse 77

2.11Area21/22:TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLake 78

2.12Area23:CapeBeale,Ucluelet 79

2.13Area24:CoxPoint,EstevanPoint 80

2.14Area25:NootkaSound,EsperanzaInlet 81

2.15Area26:UnionIsland,SolanderIsland 82

2.16Area27:SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScott 83

2.17Area29:LowerGeorgiaStrait 84

2.18Area111:OpenwaternorthofVancouverIsland 85

3.0References 86

FIGURES

Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixA). 67

Figure2.CapeCaution,WestcottPointDFOManagementArea. 68

Figure3.NorthernJohnstoneStraitDFOManagementArea. 69

Figure4.QuadraIsland,CortesIslandDFOManagementArea. 70

Figure5.OysterRiver,ParksvilleDFOManagementArea. 71

Figure6.BrettellPoint,PowellRiverDFOManagementArea. 72

Figure7.TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInletDFOManagementArea. 73

Figure8.NanooseBay,GalianoIslandDFOManagementArea. 74

Figure9.MayneIsland,SaanichDFOManagementArea. 75

Figure10.Saanich,WilliamHeadDFOManagementArea. 76

Figure11.Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouseDFOManagementArea. 77

Figure12.TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLakeDFOManagementArea. 78

Figure13.CapeBeale,UclueletDFOManagementArea. 79

Figure14.CoxPoint,EstevanPointDFOManagementArea. 80

Figure15.NootkaSound,EsperanzaInletDFOManagementArea. 81

Figure16.UnionIsland,SolanderIslandDFOManagementArea. 82

Figure17.SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScottDFOManagementArea. 83

Figure18.LowerGeorgiaStraitDFOManagementArea. 84

Figure19.OpenwaternorthofVancouverIslandDFOManagementArea. 85

1.0INTRODUCTION

‘Foragefishes’isatermreferringtospeciesofsmall,schoolingfishesthatareanimportantfoodsourceforlargermammals,seabirds,andfish(Penttila,2007).AccordingtotheBCMinistryofEnvironment,foragefish,alsoknownaspelagicfishes,consistofnumerousspecies,including:herring,anchovies,smelts,capelin,sardines,eulachonandsandlance(BCMinistryofEnvironment,2014).Thesespeciesareclassifiedbasedontheirecologicalroleinthemarineecosystem,ratherthantheirtaxonomy.Foragefishpopulationsaredecliningglobally,subsequentlyincreasingadverseimpactsculturally,ecologically,andeconomically(Mckechnieetal.,2014).

AlthoughforagefishhabitatsareidentifiedascriticalfishhabitatundertheCanadianFisheriesAct,makingthemprotected,BChaslittledataregardingthelocationandtimingassociatedwiththesehabitats(deGraaf,2010).Inresponsetothisdatagap,theSeaWatchSocietydevelopedtheForageFishProgram(FFP),whichinvolvespotentialspawningsiteidentification,aswellassitesurveying,mapping,andmonitoringoftwoforagefishspecieswithinBC,surfsmeltandPacificsandlance(deGraaf,2013).TheFFPinvolvestrainingvolunteersandcommunitygroupsalongthecoastofBCtoidentifypotentialspawningsitesofthesetwospeciesandoffermonitoringoftheselocations(deGraaf,2013).

In2017,theMountArrowsmithBiosphereRegionResearchInstitute(MABRRI)atVancouverIslandUniversitywastrainedtousethe“vortexmethod”byaNearshoreandForageFishSpecialistfromtheWashingtonStateDepartmentofFishandWildlife.TheMABRRIteammonitorsbeachesalongthecoast,aswellastrainscitizenscientiststodothesameinordertobuildthecapacityofthisproject.Since2017,othergroups,includingPeninsulaStreamSociety,havebegunmonitoringandtrainingcitizensciencegroupstofurtherexpandthisinitiative’scapacityandrange.Byregularlymonitoringthebeaches,thisinitiativeaimstoreducethecurrentdatagapthatexistsregardingforagefishspawninghabitatalongtheVancouverIslandandGulfIslandcoastlines.

MABRRIcreatedthisquickreferencedocument,inadditiontothe“VancouverIslandForageFishSampling:LocationCodes”document,inordertoaidinthestandardizationofdatacollectionanddatareferencing.CodesforlocationsacrosstheentiretyofVancouverIslandwerecreatedinordertoretrievesitespecificdatainatimelyfashion.EachsitethatissampledwillhaveacorrespondingcodethatincludestheregionaldistrictofVancouverIsland,themunicipalityand/orelectoralarea,andthebeach,aswellastheDFOManagementAreaassociatedwithit(Figure1).ThisdocumentincludestheDFOManagementAreasthatinfluenceVancouverIslandandtheGulfIslands.

Region Municipality Beach DFOMngtArea Figure1.Locationdataasseenondatasheet(AppendixA)

2.0FISHERIESANDOCEANSMANAGEMENTAREAS:VANCOUVER&GULFISLANDS

2.1Area11:CapeCaution,WestcottPoint

Figure 2. Cape Caution, Westcott Point DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.2Area12:NorthernJohnstoneStrait

Figure 3. Northern Johnstone Strait DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.3Area13:QuadraIsland,CortesIsland

Figure 4. Quadra Island, Cortes Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.4Area14:OysterRiver,Parksville

Figure 5. Oyster River, Parksville DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.5Area15:BrettellPoint,PowellRiver

Figure 6. Brettell Point, Powell River DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.6Area16:TexadaIsland,LasquetiIsland,JervisInlet

Figure 7. Texada Island, Lasqueti Island, Jervis Inlet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.7Area17:NanooseBay,GalianoIsland

Figure 8. Nanoose Bay, Galiano Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.8Area18:MayneIsland,Saanich

Figure 9. Mayne Island, Saanich DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.9Area19:Saanich,WilliamHead

Figure 10. Saanich, William Head DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.10Area20:Sooke,BonillaPointLighthouse

Figure 11. Sooke, Bonilla Point Lighthouse DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.11Area21/22:TzuquanahPoint,NitinatLake

Figure 12. Tzuquanah Point, Nitinat Lake DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.12Area23:CapeBeale,Ucluelet

Figure 13. Cape Beale, Ucluelet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.13Area24:CoxPoint,EstevanPoint

Figure 14. Cox Point, Estevan Point DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.14Area25:NootkaSound,EsperanzaInlet

Figure 15. Nootka Sound, Esperaza Inlet DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.15Area26UnionIsland,SolanderIsland

Figure 16. Union Island, Solander Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.16Area27:SolanderIsland,LawnPoint,CapeScott

Figure 17. Solander Island, Lawn Point, Cape Scott DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.17Area29:LowerGeorgiaStrait

Figure 18. Lower Georgia Strait DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

2.18Area111:OpenwaternorthofVancouverIsland

Figure 19. Open water north of Vancouver Island DFO Management Area (DFO, 2017).

3.0REFERENCES

DeGraaf,R.(2010).PreliminaryHabitatAssessmentforsuitabilityofintertidallyspawningforagefishspecies,Pacificsandlance(Ammodyteshexapterus)andsurfsmelt(Hypomesuspretiosus)EsquimaltLagoon,Colwood,BritishColumbia.RetrievedfromCapitalRegionalDistrictwebsite:https://www.crd.bc.ca/docs/default-source/es-harbours-pdf/esquimalt-lagoon/esquimaltlagoon-foragefishsurvey-degraffe-2010.pdf?sfvrsn=2DeGraaf,R.(2013,August).ForageFish.PresentedatThetisIsland,stewardingourshoresWorkshop,ThetisIsland,Canada.Retrievedfromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4C52I6k-XU

McKechnie,I.,Lepofsky,D.,Moss,M.L.,Butler,V.L.,Orchard,T.J.,Coupland,G.,Foster,F.,Caldwell,M.,Lertzman,K.(2014).ArcheologicaldataprovidealternativehypothesesonPacificherring(Clupeapallasii)distribution,abundance,andvariability.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.111,E807-E816.

BCMinistryofEnvironment.(2014).EnvironmentalGuidelinesforUrbanandRuralLandDevelopmentinBritishColumbia.DevelopwithCare:FactSheet#21:CoastalForageFish.Retrievedfrom:http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/devwithcare/Fact-Sheet-21-Forage-Fish.pdf

Pentilla,D.,2007.MarineForageFishesinPugetSound.PreparedinsupportofthePugetSoundNearshorePartnership.TechnicalReportNo.2007-03.PublishedbySeattleDistrict,U.W.ArmycorpsofEngineers,Seattle,Washington.

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