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Building Automation
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7/18/2019 Building Automation
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A
PRESENTATION
ON
‘‘ BUILDING AUTOMATION’’
7/18/2019 Building Automation
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Title
1)INTRODUCTION
2)NETWORKS
3)CONTROLLERS4)AIR HANDLERS
5)CENTRE PLANT
6)ALARMA & SECURITY 7)ROOM AUTOMATION
8)BUILDING BLOCKS
)CONCLUSION
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WHAT IS BUILDING
AUTOMATION!!Building automation describes
the advanced functionality
provided by the control system of a
building.
BAS core are-
1) occupancy schedule
2)monitors system performance
device failures3)provides email and/or tet
notifications .
BAS is often referred to as an
intelligent building system or a
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BUILDING AUTOMATION
ARCHITECTURE
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NETWORKS
• 1) !"#$A"% &S'(*+A"% B,S• 'amples--BA(net optical fiber
ethernet A"(*' "S-232"S-0 or aireless netor
• 2)!"4"A$$AB5' 54#((*"55'"S 6
• 'amples78igBee
• 3)#*!,/,!, +'9#('S&,S'" (*"55'"S
• 'amples--analog or digital humidityand pressure sensortherlatinum resistancethermometer
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CONTROLLERS
!rogrammable 5ogic (ontrollers:!5(s)
!5(;s provide the most responsiveness
and processing poer
System/*etor controllers
System/*etor controllers may be
applied to control one or more
mechanical systems such as an Air
<andler ,nit :A<,) boiler chiller
etc.
erminal ,nit controllers.
erminal ,nit controllers usually are
suited for control of lighting and/or
simpler devices such as a pacage
rooftop unit heat pump 9A9 bo.
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BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMRISER DIAGRAM
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AIR
HAN
DLERS
$ost air handlers mi return and outside
air so less temperature change is needed.
Analog or digital temperature sensors
may be placed in the space or room the
return and supply air ducts and
sometimes the eternal air.Actuators are placed on the hot and
chilled ater valves the outside air and
return air dampers.
he supply fan :and return if applicable)is started and stopped based on either
time of day temperatures building
pressures or a combination.
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CONSTANT "OLUME AIR#HANDLING UNITS
• he less efficient type of air-handler is a =constant volume air handling unit= or(A9.
• (A9s open and close dampers .
• hey heat or cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled or hot ater valves thatfeed their internal heat echangers.
•4enerally one (A9 serves several spaces.
• "ARIABLE "OLUME AIR HANDLING UNITS
• A more efficient unit is a =variable air volume :9A9) air-handling unit= or 9A9.
• A 9A9 air handler can change the pressure to the 9A9 boes by changing the speedof a fan or bloer ith a variable fre>uency drive
• 'ach 9A9 bo supply air to a small space lie an office. 'ach bo has a damperthat is opened or closed based on ho much heating or cooling is re>uired in itsspace.
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Another variation is a hybrid
beteen 9A9 and (A9
systems.
1) #*'"#" 8*'S operate
as in a 9A9 system.
2) ,'" 8*'S differ in that
the heating is supplied by aheating fan in a central
location usually ith a heating
coil fed by the building boiler.
"A" HYBRID SYSTEM
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CENTRA
L
PLANT
• A central plant is
needed to supply the
air-handling units ith
ater.
chilled ater system
hot ater system
condenser ater system
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CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
(hilled ater is often
used to cool abuilding;s air and
e>uipment. he
chilled ater systemill have chiller:s)
and pumps
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HOT WATER SYSTEM
he hot ater system
supplies heat to the
building;s air-handlingunit or 9A9 bo heating
coils along ith the
domestic hot ater
heating coils :(alorifie)he hot ater system ill
have a boiler:s) and
pumps.
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CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM
(ooling toer:s)and pumps are used to supply cool
condenser ater to the chillers.
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ALARMS & SECURITY
$any building automation systems have alarm
capabilities. *otification can be through a
computer pager cellular phone or audible alarm.
(arbon monoide and carbon dioide sensors can
be used to alarm if levels are too high.
"efrigerant sensors can be used to indicate a
possible refrigerant lea.
Security systems can be interloced to a building
automation system. #f occupancy sensors are
present they can also be used as burglar alarms.
?ire and smoe alarm systems can be hard-ired
to override building automation.
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ROOM AUTOMATION
• Room automation is asubset of buildingautomation more systems
under centralised controlthough in this case in oneroom.
• Room automation iscorporate boardroom
presentation suites andlecture halls herevideoconferencinge>uipment video pro@ectorlighting control
systemspublic address
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PROCESSING SYSTEM
he use of $icroprocessors
:calculator chips & $ini
computers)
Architecture
--#nput $emory utput
$icrpchip
--Address bus +ata bus
control bus
0 1 32 bits
$icroprocessors &
microcontrollers
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ANALOG & DIGITAL I$O
MODULES
Analog inputs
Digital inputs
Interrupt inputs Timer !ounter inputs
"ontrol outputs
Displa# outputs
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I$O
M
O
D
UL
E
• #nterrupt input
– +ra attention of real time system toards
abnormal situations
– Attends to interrupt and resumes normal
or
• imer / (ounter
– (loc input or 4ate input to enable/ disable
timer/counters
– utput of timer/counter can be used as
interrupts
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DISPLAY CONTROL
MODULE
• $anual entry sub module
• (" controller sub module
• 5'+ / 5(+ control sub module
• Alarm annunciator sub module
•
!rinter controller sub module
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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SCADA
• Supervisory (ontrol
And +ata Ac>uisition
Systems
– (hannel scanning – (onversion into
engineering units
–
+ata processing
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S
C A
D
A
ARCHITECT
URE
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Title
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Opportunities arri$e %ail# to intelligentl# use &uil%ingautomation as more t'an (ust a !onne!tor o) ‘&rute )or!e’!om)ort generation s#stems*
Gro+ing greener appli!ation )or &uil%ing automation,ma-ing all large &uil%ings part o) t'e ele!tri!al gri%*
CONCLUSION
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T%'(
Y*
+,
Y*,T-./
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0
U E
S
T I
O N
S!!
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