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Bureaucrazy The Epitome of Stupidity. Aubrey Allen Greg Evans Logan Shively Scott Fentress Colorado Haberkorn Alex Lee Baporis. What Is a Bureaucracy?. bureaucracy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BureaucrazyThe Epitome of Stupidity
Aubrey AllenGreg Evans
Logan ShivelyScott Fentress
Colorado HaberkornAlex LeeBaporis
What Is a Bureaucracy?
• bureaucracy– -a nation of politicans making and enforcing
so many rules and laws that you can't do anything w/o breaking one (Urban Dictionary)
– But really, • hierarchical authority structure • task specialization• merit principle• impersonality
Myths
• Americans dislike bureaucrats.
• Bureaucracies are growing bigger.
• Most work in Washington, DC.
• They are ineffective, inefficient, and mined in red tape.– Bureaucracies are like referees.
• Who you gonna call? Mythbusters!
The Truth
• There is no better substitute for bureaucracies.
• They are a necessary evil. Imagine life without people to deliver mail, test milk or issue Social Security payments.
• Bureaucracies employ all types of citizens.
From Patronage to Civil Service
• Pendleton Civil Service Act- created civil service
• Hatch Act
• Office of Personal Management
• General Schedule rating
• The Plum Book
Bureaucracies as Implementors
• What is implementation?– Stage of policymaking between the establishment of
a policy and the consequences of a policy
• 3 elements of implementation1. Creation of a new agency or modification of an old
agency
2. Translation of policy goals into guidelines and rules
3. Coordination of resources to achieve policy goals
Reasons that Implementation Fails
• Faulty program design
• Lack of clarity (goals too broad)
• Lack of resources
• Administrative routines (SOPs = red tape)
• Administrators’ dispositions (discretion)
• Fragmentation (too many agencies doing the same thing)
Bureaucracies as Regulators
• Regulation - use of government authority to control or change some practice in the private sector
• Examples of regulatory bureaucratic agencies– SEC, NLRB, EPA, DoT, FTC
History of Regulation
• The federal government did not regulate the private sector very much until the 1880s
• Munn v. Illinois (1877)– Upheld the right of government to regulate the
business practices of a firm
• Regulation grew rapidly during the New Deal of the Great Depression, and has increased ever since
Theory of Deregulation
• Deregulation - lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities
• Critics of regulation believe that regulation:– raises prices– Hurts America’s competitiveness in the global economy– Regulatory policies are often inefficient
• Command-and-Control Policy - typical system of regulation whereby government makes and enforces policies and punishes offenders
• Incentive System - more effective regulatory policy system that uses marketlike strategies to manage public policy
Organization of Bureaucracies
• The Cabinet Departments
• Independent Regulatory Commission
• Government Corporations
• Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet Department
• 15 Cabinet Departments
• Heads of cabinets are assigned by the President
• Examples are Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services
Independent Regulatory Commission
• Responsible for some sector of the economy and making and enforcing rules to protect public interest
• These agencies are independent to avoid corruption and partisan influence.
• Examples are the Federal Reserve Board, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• Government Corporations– Government organizations that provide services– Example is Post office– Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – provide
power to support farmers
• Independent Executive Agencies– Any other bureaucratic agency– Appointed and serve at president pleasure– NASA is an example
Government Corporations / Independent Executive
Agencies
Understanding Bureaucracies
• Bureaucrats, one of two unelected policymaking institutions, are generally more representative than elected officials
• Presidents exert control over bureaucracies by:– Appointing the right people to head the agency– Issuing orders– Altering an agency’s budget– Reorganizing an agency
• Congress exerts control over bureaucracies by:– Influencing the appointment of agency heads– Altering an agency’s budget– Holding hearings– Rewriting the legislation or making it more detailed
Iron Triangles and Issue Networks
• Iron Triangles: Mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommmittees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking.
• Example: Subcommittee on aging, senior citizen’s interest groups and Social Security Administration agree on the need for more Social Security benefits.
• Make each policy independently of the others, sometimes even in contradiction to other policies.
• Issue networks
- More widespread participation in bureaucratic policymaking.
- Many of the participants have technical policy expertise and are drawn to issues because of intellectual or emotional commitments.
Bureaucracy and the Scope of Government
• Bureaucracy is constantly seeking to expand its size, budgets, and authority. • It has the role of promoting the economy, defending the country, managing
foreign affairs, providing services to farmers, businesses, and workers. • We expect bureaucracies to play an active role in dealing with social and
economic problems.
Bureaucracy…
• Is gay
• And Sarah Palin is a dick
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