View
3
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon Literacy for Communities
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Keep Scotland Beautiful; what we do
Sustainable development education Provide education
initiatives for children, young people and educators
Local environmental quality Provide advice support and training to help create and maintain cleaner and safer local areas
Sustainability and climate change Work to help people to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to impacts of climate change
Environmental services Help organisations meet environmental commitments and responsibilities
www.climatechallengefund.org
The Climate Challenge Fund
The Climate Challenge Fund is a Scottish Government grant programme that
provides funding and support for community-led organisations to run projects that
reduce local carbon emissions, helping to tackle climate change.
Since it was launched in 2008 the CCF has funded 986 projects including:
• energy efficiency improvements to community owned buildings and home
energy efficiency advice
• lower carbon travel options
• community growing initiatives
• schemes to tackle waste
www.climatechallengefund.org
Training and support
Keep Scotland Beautiful manages and administers the Climate Challenge Fund on
behalf of the Scottish Government.
Keep Scotland Beautiful has staff that support CCF applicants and those awarded
grants. Keep Scotland Beautiful also offer free training, events and support to help
communities across Scotland build their capacity to tackle climate change.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon Literacy
• Day One – Understanding
and Communicating
Climate Change
• Day Two – Low Carbon
Behaviours
“Carbon literacy means having an instinctive understanding of the carbon
impacts of our activities, and being able to make informed choices about the
most energy and resource efficient and lower carbon options available to us.”
Carbon Literacy Project
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon Literacy
• Certification – To receive
certification you will be asked
to fill in a short assessment
form asking you to identify
one personal and one group
carbon reducing action you
will take.
• You will be asked to outline
why you think these actions
are significant and this will
allow the Carbon Literacy
Project to certify you.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Icebreaker
Talk to the person next to you.
Tell each other one thing you know for certain about
climate change, and one thing you’re not so sure
about?
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Aims of today
• Examine the scientific basis for climate change
• Explore the potential impacts rising greenhouse gasses
and a changing climate
• Learn about communicating climate change and
practice some techniques for doing so
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Structure of the day
• Morning –looking at the science behind climate change;
and how our climate is changing already. What is being
done about it?
• Lunch
• Afternoon – Myth busting and thinking about how we
communicate the climate case
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Why is climate change happening?
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse gases
(GHGs)naturally occur
in Earth’s atmosphere
• Without GHGs the
average global
temperature would be
around 30ºC lower
than it is today.
• Human activity
increasing
concentration of GHGs
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Natural Carbon cycle – low human impact
SOURCES SINKS
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Altered Carbon balance
SINKS
SOURCES
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Causes of Climate Change
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Causes of climate change
• Increase in greenhouse gas emissions – this causes the
natural blanket around the atmosphere to ‘thicken’
trapping in more heat.
• Greenhouse gases = Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane
(CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
Fact: Since start of industrial era
levels of main greenhouse gases
increased (CO2 – 40%; CH4 –
150% and N2O – 20%)
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Science Bit
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Svante August Arrhenius (1859 – 1927)
“…we may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards the colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind.”
Published a study the warming effect of carbon dioxide: “the greenhouse effect”
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Evidence – The Keeling Curve
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_Carbon_Dioxide.png#file
“observed rate of increase is nearly that to be expected from the combustion of fossil fuel”
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Ice Cores
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core
source: http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=609
• Ice cores contain
information about
temperature and gases
• Antarctica – ice cores
can stretch back
800,000 years
Darker
layers
winter Arrowed
layers
summer
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Ice Cores - Evidence
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that
atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution. (Credit: Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record.). Taken from
http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
Start of
industrial
revolution
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Earthbook
http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/earth_temperature_timeline.png
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Tea and coffee break
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Climate Justice
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon emissions - current
http://www.carbonmap.org/#Emissions
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Carbon emissions - historical
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
People at Risk
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Consumption Emissions
Source: EXTREME CARBON INEQUALITY Why the Paris climate deal must put the poorest, lowest emitting and most vulnerable people first, Oxfam Media Briefing: https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/mb-extreme-carbon-inequality-021215-en.pdf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Development vs. Climate Change
• “The right to development is an
inalienable human right by virtue of
which every human person and all
peoples are entitled to participate in,
contribute to, and enjoy economic,
social, cultural and political
development, in which all human
rights and fundamental freedoms can
be fully realized.” (Article 1.1,
Declaration on the Right to
Development)
• Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Carbon Budget
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Current Impacts and Evidence
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
IPCC
• Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and
since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are
unprecedented over decades to millennia.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983–2012 was likely
the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years.
• Global surface temperature change for the end of the
21st century is likely to exceed 1.5 C relative to 1850
to 1900.
• It is likely to exceed 2°C for high emissions scenarios
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Global average temperatures
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/monitoring/climate/surface-temperature
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Global average temperatures
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Sea
Source: http://www.skepticalscience.com/Global-Warming-in-a-Nutshell.html
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Sea
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Melting Ice - Glacial Retreat
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux#Qori-Kalis-930px-80-v2.jpg
Qori Kalis glacier, Peru
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Sea Level Rise
• Melting of glaciers
and polar ice caps
• Thermal expansion
• Sea levels rising at a
rate of 1.7 mm per
year
• Thousands of coastal
cities and whole
islands at risk.
Fact: Average global sea
level rose 0.19m over a
period between 1901-2010
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Nature
Polar Bears in Hudson Bay, Canada1,200 polar bearsHunt on the ice during SpringPut on 50-75% of their body fat in these monthsBut:Ice in Hudson Bay melts 3 weeks earlier nowLess chance for the bears to feedCome on to shore 10kg lighter
Not just Polar Bears at risk, the
IUCN have identified many species
that are affected by climate change
The report can be found at
http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/
species_and_climate_change.pdf
Source: www.hngn.com
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Nature
Puffins in the UK
Warmer temperatures in the seas around the UK mean that sand eels, the main food of puffins, are moving north.
Storms and coastal erosion also have an impact on puffin populations and they are now on the IUCN ‘red list’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fratercula_arctica_-Skomer_Island,_Wales_-flying_with_fish_in_beak-8.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_eel#/media/File:Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Back_from_a_fishing_trip.jpg
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Impacts of climate change – how is our weather going to
change and how is it changing already?
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Recent Trends
• Average temp. increase of 0.5°C (since
1914
• Temp. increase in all seasons in all parts of
Scotland (since 1961)
• Heavy rainfall events increased – in
particular Northern and Western parts
• 25% reduction in number of frost days
(since 1961)
• Growing season starts 3 weeks earlier
(compared to 1961)
http://www.sniffer.org.uk/files/9313/4183/7426/Climate_Trends_Handbook_for
_web.pdf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Future?
2050s
2080s?
What difference
do a few degrees
make? South-East England
2.7°Cwarmer in summer
than the Forth Basin(in baseline 1961-1990)
So our summer temperatures may be
more similar to those in southern
England by the 2050s...
... and unlike anything currently
experienced in the UK by the
2080s
Source: Adapation Scotland, Sniffer
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Extreme Weather - Heatwaves
• Summer 2003 record
breaking heatwave in
Europe.
• Many European
countries experienced
their highest
temperature on
record.
• According to Met
Office this period of
extreme heat is
thought to be
warmest for up to 500
years
Source: www.paulotavares.net
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Extreme Weather - Flooding
The UK has experienced heavy
floods in the last decade
Storm Frank affected many parts
of Scotland in January 2016
(Deeside and the South West
particularly)
The West Coast Mainline was
closed until February 2016
between Carlsile and Glasgow
The IPCC have warned that
climate change will increase the
risk of both floods and droughts
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Extreme Weather Stories
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Consequences
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
What Can We Do?
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
What Can We Do?
• Mitigation – efforts to cut or prevent the emission of
greenhouse gases
• Adaptation – lower the risks associated with impacts of
climate change
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Paris Agreement
COP21 = 21st Conference of the Parties
UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Photo Credit: "Paris vue d'ensemble tour Eiffel" by Taxiarchos228, cropped and modified by Poke2001 - Paris-pano-wladyslaw.jpg. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg#/media/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Mitigation - Aim
To keep average global
temperature rise well below
2°c, and to pursue efforts to
limit temperature increase to
1.5°c
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Mitigation in Scotland
• More than half (56.7%) of the electricity generated in
Scotland comes from renewables – target is 100% by
2020
• 3% of Scotland’s warmth, in 2012, came from biomass,
solar thermal panels, energy from waste and heat pumps
– target is 11% by 2020
• Across all sectors in Scotland waste sent to landfill has
dropped from over 7 million tonnes in 2003 to just over 4
million tonnes in 2013.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Mitigation in Scotland
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Adaptation - Aim
To increase ability to adapt to climate change impacts and
foster climate resilience and low emissions development
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Adaptation in Scotland
• Scottish Climate Change Adaptation programme sets
out what government, businesses, and society are doing to
become more climate ready.
• The Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 - makes legal
arrangements about climate change mitigation and
adaption.
• Adaptation Scotland - provides advice and support to help
ensure that Scotland is prepared for, and resilient to, the
impacts of climate change.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Lunch!
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Myth Busters – dealing with myths, denials and excuses
www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Communicating the Climate Case
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Diamond 9
• You have been given 9 cards with evidence for
climate change on them
• Your task is to categorise them into most important to
least important causes, like this
Most useful
Least useful
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Knowledge-Action Gap
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
George Marshall
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
What’s Important?
• Who’s the Messenger? – Who is telling me this is a problem? Are they like me? Are they convinced?
• What’s the story? – Does is fit into my world-view? Does it talk to my values? Does it challenge my identity?
• Is it relevant? – What’s this got to do with my life, where I live and the things I think are important?
• How can I help? – What can I do? How will that be a positive thing?
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Values
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
The Power of I….
• I am like you …• I am not what you might expect!• I believe that the climate is changing because …• I was not always like this. What changed me was …• When I think of climate change I feel …• I am doing …• It’s not always easy …• But doing something feels…
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Tea and Coffee
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Climate Conversations
Step-by-step approach to help people to
engage with the issue of climate change and
enjoy being part of a conversation.
A 70-minute conversation with a group of
approximately five to ten people.
Guide includes:
1. A Script to guide you in facilitating the
conversation
2. Materials to aid the conversation
3. A Checklist to help you remember
everything you’ll need.http://www.greenerscotland.org/why-live-
greener/climateconversation
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
Round-Up and Tomorrow
• What is climate change
• Why is climate change happening
• Evidence for link between carbon and climate
change
• Observed impacts
• Impact on weather/UK climate
• What can we do
• Myth busters
• Communicating climate change
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf
And Finally……
Recommended