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Carrying Out an Investigation in Science
Investigation Steps
1. Asking a question (testable)
2. Planning and carry out a fair test (testing)
3. Gather evidence and recording findings
4. Communicating your findings (Conclusion)
Asking a Question
Gather ideas
What could we investigate?
What could we measure or observe?
Ask yourself what are you trying to find out
You need a question to investigate....
How? What? When?
Which type of sugar dissolves fastest in water?
Planning a fair test• Our question: Which type of sugar dissolves fastest in water?
• Factor that we will change (the independient variable)
• Type of sugar
• Factor that we will measure (the dependent variable)
• Time (how long does the sugar take to dissolve)
• Factors that we will keep the same to make the test fair:
• The volume of water, the temperature of the water, the amount of sugar
• How we will record our results:
• Measuring the time each type of sugar need to disolve (or thenumber of stirs you need to dissolve the sugar).
• What we will need to carry out our test:
• The following equipment
Equipment• Different kinds of sugar
• Water
• Beaker
• Stirring spoon
• Stop watch
• Measuring cylinder
• Scale
• Watch glass
Experiment 1 (Guidelines)
1. Question
2. Science equipment
3. Method
4. Results
5. Conlusions
Method
(perform all steps 2x , once for each type of sugar)
• Mesure 100ml of water with measuring cylinder.
• Put 100ml of water into a beaker
• Measure 5g of sugar with a scale
• Add the sugar to the water.
• Measure the time each type of sugar needs to disolve (or the number of stirs you need to dissolvethe sugar).
Cross sectionsA cross section is a diagram which shows what an object would
look like if you cut through it.
Cross sections
Flow diagramsA way of showing the ordered steps in a process
Labelling diagrams• All scientific diagrams must have a heading or caption
• The parts of the diagram must also be clearly and correctly labelled.
What are the mistakes in this pupil’s labelled drawing?
Label this diagram correctly
Gathering Evidence
Carry out the experiment and note carefully what happens.
Different ways of gathering evidence in science
• Evidences from observation.
• Evidences form research
• Evidence from measuring
Comunicating your findings
There are many different ways of communicatingyour findings in science investigation:• Diagrams• Graphs• Many other methods
Choosing the correct type of graphs
When you collect evidence, it is sometimes useful to display it on a graph to show the results.
Graphs
Graphs
Using a pie graphWhich kind of movie do people like best?
Comedy Action Romance Drama SciFi TOTAL
4 5 6 1 4 20
First, put your data into a table (like above), then add up all the values to get a total:
Degrees My Results
Sweet Results
Strawberry Cream 5
Orange Cream 3
Purple Hazelnut 6
Green Triangle 2
Other 2
TOTAL
Strawberry
creamOrange cream
Purple hazelnut
Green triangle
Degrees
100°
60°
120°
40°
40°
360°
X 20
X 20
20°
18
“What is your favourite Quality Street?”
Draw a pie chart:
Height (m)Frequenc
y
1.5 ≤ h < 1.6 5
1.6 ≤ h 1.7 11
1.7 ≤ h < 1.8 7
1.8 ≤ h < 1.9 1
How tall are people in 9E3?
OMG where did all the money go?!!
She spent it
all!
Did not. I’ll show you on a pie Dad.
Then you’ll believe me.
Yellow is my saxophone
lessons
Blue is Mum’s hairdye
Pink is for your doughnuts
How would you spend an
allowance of £20 per month? Draw a pie to
show me.
Convert data to degrees
• Now you need to figure out how many degrees for each "pie slice" (correctly called a sector).
Calculating percentages
Comedy Action Romance Drama SciFi TOTAL
4 5 6 1 4 20
4/20 =20% 5/20 =25% 6/20 =30% 1/20 = 5% 4/20 =20% 100%
Divide each value by the total and multiply by 100 to get a percent:
4 out of 20 people prefer Comedy, so they represent 20% of the total number of people.
Which type of graph is the best for each investigation?
Exercise 3. Pag 15
• They planted these plants giving them different amount of water,
and after a while, they measured the hieghts of the plants.
• Depending on the amount of water the plands grow more or less.
The taller the plant, the more wáter has been used.
• No, because what you change is not a factor represented by
numbers, it´s the type of grass, so what you have is different
categories. =Bar graph
Surveys and Interviews in class
• Which school did your classmates go to?
• Which colour of car ist most common?
• Which type of ear lobe is most common in our class? (loose or joined)
Explain the results
• Explain what your results show.
• Decide whether your prediction was correct.
• Make a conclusion about what you have found out and explain it clearly.
• Make a note of things you might change if you were to do the enquiry again.
• Report back to the rest of the class.
SO......How do I carry out an Investigation in Science?
1. Gather ideas
2. Ask yourself what are you trying to find out .
3. Plan what you will change
4. Make a prediction
5. Plan the practical work
6. Carry out the experiment.
6. Record the results
7. Explain the results
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