Cases Decision

VINUYA vs ROMULOHere, the Constitution has entrusted to the ExecutiveDepartment the conduct of foreign relations for thePhilippines. Whether or not toespousepetitioners'claim against the Government of Japan is left to theexclusive determination and udgment of theExecutiveDepartment. !heCourt cannot interfere"ith or #uestion the "isdom of the conduct of foreignrelations $% the Executive Department. &ccordingl%,"e cannot direct the Executive Department, either $%"rit of certiorari or inunction, to conduct our foreignrelations "ith Japan in a certain manner.WHE'E()'E, the Court DE*+E, the -otion for'econsideration and ,upplemental -otion for'econsideration for their lac. of merit.,) )'DE'ED.PHAT vs DUQUEOn the constitutionality of the provisions of the RIRRFirst, the Court "ill determine if pertinentinternational instruments adverted to $% respondentsare part of the la" of the land.Petitioner assails the '+'' for allegedl% going $e%ondtheprovisionsof the-il.Code, there$%amendingand expanding the coverage of said la". !he defenseof the D)H is that the '+'' implements not onl% the-il. Code $ut also various internationalinstruments/0 regarding infant and %oung childnutrition. +t is respondents' position that saidinternational instruments are deemed part of the la"of thelandandthereforetheD)Hma%implementthem through the '+''.!he Court notes that the follo"ing internationalinstruments invo.ed $% respondents, namel%1 2/3 !he4nited *ations Convention on the 'ights of the Child5263 !he+nternational CovenantonEconomic, ,ocialandCultural 'ights5 and273theConventionontheElimination of &ll (orms of Discrimination &gainstWomen, onl% provideingeneral terms that stepsmust $e ta.en $% ,tate Parties to diminish infant andchild mortalit% and inform societ% of the advantagesof $reastfeeding, ensure the health and "ell8$eing offamilies, andensurethat"omenareprovided"ithservices and nutrition in connection "ith pregnanc%and lactation. ,aid instruments do not containspeci9c provisions regarding the use or mar.eting of$reastmil. su$stitutes.!heinternational instrumentsthat dohavespeci9cprovisionsregarding$reastmil.su$stitutesarethe+C-:, and various WH& 'esolutions.4nder the/;++,,ection6/of theConstitution"hichprovidesthat?@nAo treat% or international agreement shall $e validandeBectiveunlessconcurredin$%at least t"o8thirds of all the mem$ers of the ,enate.? !hus,treaties or conventional international la"must gothrough a process prescri$ed $% the Constitution forit to $e transformed into municipalla" that can $eapplied to domestic conCicts./7!he +C-:, and WH& 'esolutions are not treaties asthe%havenot $eenconcurredin$%at least t"o8thirds of all mem$ers of the ,enate as re#uired under,ection 6/, &rticle >++ of the /;