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32
remaining 8 patients expressed far higher
levels of basal PCA than control cells (25.1
+ or - 5.9 units as compared to 3.9 + or
1.0 units/5 x 104 cells). These cells
retained their ability to respond to en-
dotoxin in vitro with a 3-fold increase in
PCA. In all instances, alveolar macrophage
PCA had the characteristics of tissue fac-
tor. These data suggest t_hat the presence of
primary lung cancer may modulate the expres-
sion of PCA in alveolar macrophages close to
the tumor site. PCA might be useful to bet-
ter characterize the functional state of
macrophages near the tumor.
Role of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Lung
Cancer.
Takeo, S., Yasumoto, K., Nagashima, A. et
al. Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka 812, Japan. Cancer Res. 46: 3179-
3182, 1986.
The percentage of tumor-associated mac-
rophages recovered (RAMR) and antitumoral
activity of tumor-associated macrophages
(TAM) were examined in 77 patients with
resectable primary lung cancer. TAM was ob-
tained by plastic adherence following tryp-
sinization. TAMR increased from stage I to
stage II and decreased in stage III. It also
increased in N I as compared with N O and N 2
but was unrelated to tumor size. However,
the cytostatic activity of TAM declined with
advance in stage of the disease and an in-
crease of tumor size, but it was relatively
unaffected by the presence of metastasis to
regional lymph nodes. There was no correla-
tion between TAMR and the recurrence rate;
however, cytostatic activity of TAM was
correlated significantly with the prognosis
of totally resected cases. TAMR and cytos-
tatic activity of TAM tended to be lower in
palliatively resected cases. These results
suggest that the assessment of the antitumor
activity of TAM, but not merely TAMR, may
give prognostic information for lung cancer
patients.
4. PATHOLOGY.
Secular Trends in Histologic Types of Lung
Cancer.
Wu, A.H., Henderson, B.E., Thomas, D.C.,
Mack, T.M. Department of Preventive
Medicine, University of Southern California
School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
U.S.A. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77: 53-56,
1986.
The histology pattern of lung cancer is
Los Angeles County was reviewed for a lO-
year period, 1972-81. In men, the total lung
cancer incidence has been fairly constant,
but there has been a shift in the histology
pattern with an increase in adenocarcinoma
and a decrease in 'other' cell type (i.e.,
carcinoma not otherwise specified, large-
cell and undifferentiated tumors). This
changing histology pattern may be partly due
to changes in diagnostic standards and prac-
tices. With the assumption that these
changes are comparable in men and women, the
'true' annual rate of change was estimated
for each lung cancer cell type in women. All
lung cancer types have increased in women;
of the cell types squamous cell carcinoma,
small-cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma,
small-cell carcinoma showed the largest rate
of annual increase and adenocarcinoma, the
smallest.
Cellular Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer.
Dunnill, M.S., Gatter, K.C. Nuffield Depart-
ment of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K. Histopathology i0: 461-
475, 1986.
Sixty-six lung carcinomas have been ex-
amined by light and electron microscopy, as
well as by immunocytochemical techniques
using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.
There was considerable heterogeneity with
regard to cell type and in only 18 cases was
it possible to classify the tumour as a
solely small cell, squamous or adenocar-
cinoma. In the remaining cases there was
evidence of two or three cell types. These
findings support the thesis that all lung
cancers are derived form a pluripotential
basal or reserve cell in the bronchial
mucosa which may proliferate along one or
more lines of differentiation. This view of
the histogenesis of lung cancer would ac-
count for the heterogeneous appearance of
many tumours and the difficulty experienced
in placing them in one of the standard
classifications.
Poorly Differentiated Squamous Carcinoma of
the Bronchus: A Light and Electron Micro-
scopic Study.
Carlile, A., Edwards, C. Department of His-
topathology, East Birmingham Hospital, Bir-
mingham B9 5ST, U.K.J. Clin. Pathol. 39:
284-292, 1986.
As there is little published informa-
tion on the ultrastructure of poorly dif-
Recommended