View
228
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
1/16
Chapter 10: Accusative with
Infinitive; Imperative; Present tense in
other conjugations
Some verbs, such as iubeo (order) and
doceo (teach)require 2 words to completetheir meaning:
a direct object
an infinitive
The direct object alone is not sufficient for
a complete thought.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
2/16
Example:
I order the slaveto putthe trunk into the
wagon.
Slaveis the direct object, but the meaning is
not complete yet. What did I order him to do?
This is why I need the additional infinitive.
Servum iubeo cistam in raedam ponere.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
3/16
Other verb conjugations:
The verbs we have dealt with for present
tense so far have all been 1stconjugation
verbs. We know this because the infinitive
ends in -are.
But there are other conjugations of verbs.
You can tell the conjugation by knowing
the infinitive ending.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
4/16
What do they look like?
-are = 1stconjugation
-re = 2ndconjugation
-ere = 3rdconjugation
-ere + -io in the 1stp. part = 3rdio
-ire = 4th
conjugation
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
5/16
What is the difference?
The difference occurs when the verbs are
conjugated. The stem vowel will change
when you follow the present tense rule.
Remember the rule?
When we follow the rule for 2nd
conjugation, the vowel in front of the
endings will bee.
2ndp. part /drop the -re / add the ending
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
6/16
habeo, habre, [.] have
Bring down the 1stp.part.
to the 2ndp. part /
drop there.Add the endings.
habeo
habe
s
habe
t
habe
mus
habe
tis
habe
nt
I have
you have
h/s/i has
we have
you have
they have
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
7/16
3rdconjugation is tricky!
When we follow the rule here we have aproblem. The stem vowel is a shorte andit is too weak to handle the stress of the
coming syllable. In order to compensate for the weight of the
coming syllable, the vowel changes!
Everywhere except for 3rd
plural the weake changes to ani. In the 3rdplural theechanges to au.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
8/16
pono, ponere, [.] put
Bring down the 1stp.part.
to the 2ndp. part /
drop there. Change the vowel if
necessary.
Add the endings.
pono
ponis
poni t
poni mus
poni tis
ponunt
I put
you put
h/s/i puts
we put
you put
they put
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
9/16
3rdio adds its own craziness!
3rdio is a subset of 3rdconjugation. Thereforewhatever happens to 3rdalso happens to 3rdio.
BUT we have the additionali in the stem to
remember! When you conjugate in the persons and
numbers where thee changes toi in 3rdconjugation, the same thing happens for 3rdio.
But you have thei in the stem (from the 1stp.part). When it meets up with thei in the stemvowel, they merge into onei.
See what happens when we put it into action.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
10/16
capio, capere, [.] take
capio
capis
capi t
capi mus
capi tis
capiunt
I take
you take
h/s/i takes
we take
you take
they take
Bring down the 1stp.part.
to the 2ndp. part /
drop there. Change the vowel if
necessary.
Add the endings.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
11/16
4thconjugation
4thconjugation is often called the copycat
conjugation because it mimics 3rdio.
It is really doing its own thing, but it is very
similar to 3rdio because the 1stp. part
always has ani in it, just like 3rdio.
The vowels are the same as for 3rdio.
Lets see one at work.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
12/16
audio, audire, [.] hear
audio
audis
audi t
audi mus
audi tis
audiunt
I hear
you hear
h/s/i hears
we hear
you hear
they hear
Bring down the 1stp.part.
to the 2ndp. part /
drop there. Change the vowel if
necessary.
Add the endings.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
13/16
The imperative mood is the way to make a
command in Latin.
It is a very useful form that appears quite
commonly in both English and Latin.
Imperative Mood
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
14/16
Present Active Imperative:
Here is your rule:
Translate using just the verb
2ndp. part / drop there /
leave it alone for the singular /
addte for the plural
ama / amatelove!
habe / habetehave!
pone / poniteput!
cape / capitetake!
audi / auditelisten!
Dont forget that the vowel must
be adjusted for 3rdconjugation!
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
15/16
Negative Commands:
The imperative is used for telling someone
to do something. But what do we do if we
want to tell someone NOT to do
something?
Telling someone not to do something is
creating a negative command.
In English we use the word dontin front of
the imperative verb.
8/10/2019 Ch 10 Accusative With Infinitive
16/16
Simply use the imperative of nolo (noli,
nolite) + the infinitive of the verb.
Noli ibi sedre!Dont sit there!
Nolite cistam iacere!Dont throw the trunk!
Noli agere!Dont do (it)!
How does it work in Latin?
Recommended