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8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-2-trait1-william-allan-kritsonis-phd-presenter 1/11
1
Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
Trait ApproachTrait Approach
LeadershipLeadership
Theory and Practice,Theory and Practice, 3/e3/ePeter G. Northouse, Ph.D.Peter G. Northouse, Ph.D.
William Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Kritsonis, PhD
PresenterPresenter
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-2-trait1-william-allan-kritsonis-phd-presenter 2/11
2
Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
OverviewOverview
• Great Person Theories
• Historical Shifts in Trait Perspective
• What Traits ifferentiate !ea"ers #ro$ %onlea"ers&
• Ho' oes the Trait Approach Wor(&
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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3
Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
Great Person TheoriesGreat Person Theories
• ““Great Man”Great Man”
Theories (earlTheories (earl!"##s$!"##s$ ) #oc*se" on i"entif+ing
intrinsic ,*alities an"
characteristics possesse" -+ great social. political.
/ $ilitar+ lea"ers
Trait Approach Trait A
pproach : one of the first systematic : one of the first systematic attempts to study leadership attempts to study leadership
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
Great Man
Theories
%arl !"##s%arl !"##s
•&esear'h o'used&esear'h o'used
on indi)idualon indi)idual
'hara'teristi's'hara'teristi's that uni)ersallthat uni)ersall
dierentiateddierentiated
leadersleaders
rom nonleadersrom nonleaders
Traits *ntera'tin+Traits *ntera'tin+
With ituationalWith ituational
Demands on LeadersDemands on Leaders
!"3#-#s!"3#-#s
• Landmar to+dill (!"01$Landmar to+dill (!"01$
stud - anal2ed andstud - anal2ed and
snthesi2ed !0 trait studiessnthesi2ed !0 trait studies - Leadership- Leadership
re'on'eptuali2edre'on'eptuali2ed
as a relationship 4et5eenas a relationship 4et5een
people in a so'ial situationpeople in a so'ial situation
• Mann (!""$ re)ie5ed !,0##Mann (!""$ re)ie5ed !,0##
indin+s o personalit andindin+s o personalit and
leadership in small +roupsleadership in small +roups
- Less emphasis on situations- Less emphasis on situations
- u++ested personalit traits- u++ested personalit traits
'ould 4e used to dis'riminate'ould 4e used to dis'riminate
leaders rom nonleadersleaders rom nonleaders
&e)i)al o 6riti'al &ole o&e)i)al o 6riti'al &ole o
Traits in LeaderTraits in Leader
%e'ti)eness%e'ti)eness
• to+dill (!"70$to+dill (!"70$
- 8nal2ed !93 ne5 studies- 8nal2ed !93 ne5 studies
5ith !"01 stud indin+s5ith !"01 stud indin+s - :alidated ori+inal stud- :alidated ori+inal stud
- !# 'hara'teristi's- !# 'hara'teristi's
positi)el identiied 5ithpositi)el identiied 5ith
leadershipleadership
• Lord, De:ader, ;Lord, De:ader, ;
8lli+er (!"19$ meta-analsis8lli+er (!"19$ meta-analsis
- Personalit traits 'an 4e- Personalit traits 'an 4e
used to dierentiateused to dierentiate
leaders/nonleadersleaders/nonleaders
• Kirpatri' ; Lo'e (!""!$Kirpatri' ; Lo'e (!""!$
- 9 traits mae up the- 9 traits mae up the
“ “&i+ht tu” or leaders&i+ht tu” or leaders
Historical Shifts in Trait PerspectiveHistorical Shifts in Trait Perspective!"7#<s - %arl "#s!"7#<s - %arl "#s
*nnate =ualities*nnate =ualities
ituationsituationsPersonalit / >eha)iorsPersonalit / >eha)iors
TodaToda
• *ntelli+en'e*ntelli+en'e
• el-6oniden'eel-6oniden'e
• DeterminationDetermination
• *nte+rit*nte+rit• o'ia4ilito'ia4ilit
9 Ma?or
Leadership
Traits
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
!ea"ership Traits!ea"ership Traits
tudies o Leadership Traits and 6hara'teristi'studies o Leadershi
p Traits and 6hara'teristi's
to+dillto+dill
(!"01$(!"01$
MannMann
(!""$(!""$
to+dillto+dill
(!"70$(!"70$
Lord,Lord,
De:ader, ;De:ader, ;
8lli+er8lli+er
(!"19$(!"19$
Kirpatri' ;Kirpatri' ;
Lo'eLo'e
(!""!$(!""!$
*ntelli+en'e *ntelli+en'e*ntelli+en'e *ntelli+en'e 8'hie)ement8'hie)ement *ntelli+en'e*ntelli+en'e Dri)eDri)e
8lertness8lertness
*nsi+ht*nsi+ht
&esponsi4ilit&esponsi4ilit
*nitiati)e*nitiati)ePersisten'ePersisten'e
el-6oniden'eel-6oniden'e
o'ia4ilito'ia4ilit
Mas'ulinitMas'ulinit
8d?ustment8d?ustment
Dominan'eDominan'e
%@tro)ersion%@tro)ersion6onser)atism6onser)atism
Persisten'ePersisten'e
*nsi+ht*nsi+ht
*nitiati)e*nitiati)eel-6oniden'eel-6oniden'e
&esponsi4ilit&esponsi4ilit
6ooperati)eness6ooperati)eness
Toleran'eToleran'e
*nluen'e*nluen'e
o'ia4ilito'ia4ilit
Mas'ulinitMas'ulinit
Dominan'eDominan'eMoti)ationMoti)ation
*nte+rit*nte+rit
6oniden'e6oniden'e
6o+niti)e 84ilit6o+niti)e 84ilitTas Kno5led+eTas Kno5led+e
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
a4or !ea"ership Traitsa4or !ea"ership Traits
• *ntelli+en'e*ntelli+en'e 5 6ntellect*al a-ilit+incl*"ing ver-al. percept*al. an"
reasoning capa-ilities
• el-6oniden'eel-6oniden'e 5 A-ilit+ to -e
certain a-o*t one7s co$petencies
an" s(ills
• DeterminationDetermination 5 The "esire to
get the 4o- "one 8i9e9. initiative.
persistence. "o$inance. "rive:
• *nte+rit*nte+rit 5 The ,*alit+
of honest+ an"
tr*st'orthiness
• o'ia4ilito'ia4ilit 5 !ea"er7sinclination to see( o*t
pleasant social
relationships
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
How Does theHow Does theTrait ApproachTrait Approach
Work?Work?• #oc*s of Trait Approach
• Strengths
• <riticis$s
• Application
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
#oc*s of Trait Approach#oc*s of Trait Approach
• #oc*ses exclusively
on lea"er
) What traits lea"ers
e>hi-it
) Who has these traits
• ?rgani@ations *se
personalit+ assess$ents to
fin" BightC people ) Assumption Assumption 5 'ill increase
organi@ational effectiveness
) Specif+
characteristicsDtraits forspecific positions
• Personalit+ assess$ent
$eas*res for fitC
LeaderLeaderLeaderLeader PersonalityPersonalityAssessmentsAssessmentsPersonalityPersonalityAssessmentsAssessments
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
StrengthsStrengths
• 6nt*itivel+ appealing appealing
) Perception that lea"ers are
"ifferent in that the+
possess special traits ) People nee"C to vie'
lea"ers as gifte"
• CredibilityCredibility "*e to a
cent*r+ of research
s*pport
• Highlights leadershipleadership
component component in the
lea"ership process
) eeper level *n"erstan"ingof ho' lea"erDpersonalit+
relate" to lea"ership process
• Provi"es benchmarksbenchmarks for
'hat to loo( for in a lea"er
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan Krieger SAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
<riticis$s<riticis$s
• #ails to delimit delimit a
"efinitive list of
lea"ership traits
) Fn"less lists have
e$erge"
• oesn7t ta(e into
acco*nt situationalsituational
effectseffects ) !ea"ers in one sit*ation
$a+ not -e lea"ers in
another sit*ation
• !ist of $ost i$portant lea"ershiptraits is highly subjectivehighly subjective
) *ch s*-4ective e>perience / o-servations
serve as -asis for i"entifie" lea"ership traits
• Besearch fails to loo( at traits in
relationship to lea"ership outcomesoutcomes
• %ot *sef*l for training &training &
development development
8/20/2019 Ch. 2 Trait[1] - William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Presenter
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Chapter 2 -Trait ApproachChapter 2 -Trait Approach
© 2003 Jan KriegerSAGESAGE PublicationsPublications
ApplicationApplication
• Provi"es "irection as to 'hich traits are goo" tohave if one aspires to a lea"ership position
• Thro*gh vario*s tests an" ,*estionnaires.
in"ivi"*als can "eter$ine 'hether the+ have the
select lea"ership traits an" can pinpoint their
strengths an" 'ea(nesses
• <an -e *se" -+ $anagers to assess 'here the+
stan" 'ithin their organi@ation an" 'hat is
nee"e" to strengthen their position
Leadership TraitsLeadership Traits• *ntelli+en'e*ntelli+en'e
• el-6oniden'eel-6oniden'e
• DeterminationDetermination
• *nte+rit*nte+rit
• o'ia4ilito'ia4ilit
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