Ch 30 Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations 1945-1985

Ch 30 Cold War Conflicts Ch 30 Cold War Conflicts and Social and Social

TransformationsTransformations1945-19851945-1985

The Division of EuropeThe Division of Europe

• Tensions rise before the war is even over

• Big 3 meet 3 times– Teheran: Nov 1943 (Normandy vs. the

Balkans) USSR to “free” Eastern Europe– Yalta: Feb 1945 Soviet Union in Driver’s Seat

• Germany divided into zones• USSR Declare War on Japan once GE defeated• Eastern Europe governments free elected but pro

USSR (is that even possible?)

The Division of Europe The Division of Europe (Continued)(Continued)

• Potsdam: Jul 1945 Eastern Europe is key topic of Discussion (Truman’s position)

• Beginning of Cold War– Truman: Free elections for all of Eastern

Europe– Stalin: I need a buffer…lack of trust

West vs. EastWest vs. East

• May 1945: US Cuts of all aid to USSR• Oct 1945: US Will not recognize forced

governments in eastern Europe• March 1946: an Iron Curtain has fallen across

the continent• Stalin: Ideological struggle against capitalist

imperialism (Stalin f!@#$% hates Capitalists)• Communists in western Europe discover

“American Plots” to take over Europe

Truman Doctrine and Marshal PlanTruman Doctrine and Marshal Plan

• Truman Doctrine—Stop communist expansion where it is

• Marshall Plan—Economic aid to Europe– Re-build from WW II– Encourage Democracy

• Berlin Airlift

• NATO and WARSAW PACT

The Western RenaissanceThe Western Renaissance

Post-War ChallengesPost-War Challenges

• Economic conditions very bad

• Soviet Union loots East Germany

• Borders move (again)

Christian DemocratsChristian Democrats

• Italy (Alcide De Gasperi)

• France

• FRG (Konrad Adenauer)

• International cooperation in the West

• Socialists gain ground from within

• Would never have been successful without USA (Guns and Butter)

European UnityEuropean Unity(Except Great Britain)(Except Great Britain)

• Council of Europe

• OEEC– Coal and Steel Community (1950)– Treaty of Rome (1957)

• Decline of Colonialism– Japan– India– Africa

Cold War Turns HotCold War Turns Hot

• 1950 Soviet-backed North Koreans invade South; US (UN) Intervenes

• The China Syndrome

• US policy of containment now includes Asia

• By 1953 world is firmly divided in two– But really, It’s about Eastern Europe

Soviet Eastern EuropeSoviet Eastern Europe

• Stalin after WWII– Stalin F!@#$% hates Capitalists!– Revives purges and forced labor camps– Buffer Zone

• Stalin dies reform begins in Soviet Union– Khrushchev and his “secret Speech”– Rise of consumer industry and the arts

De-Stalinization (1955-1957)De-Stalinization (1955-1957)

• Austria

• Poland

• Hungary

End Of Soviet ReformEnd Of Soviet Reform

• Conservative communists oust Khrushchev– Losing Political Authority at home– Failures and weakness WRT USA

• Berlin Airlift (1958), Berlin Wall(1961), Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

– Brezhnev and arms race• Satellites gain freedoms

– Not Czechoslovakia (Alexander Dubcek)– Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)

Postwar Social TransformationsPostwar Social Transformations

• Our Scientists at work in the war effort– Radar and the battle of Britain– The Big Boom (aka Big Science)– Jets– Not quite an I-Mac, but…

• Yuri and the Cosmonauts– To the Moon (yeah, baby, yeah!!)

• Why does Europe care???

Changing Class StructureChanging Class Structure

• Artisans and land owners replaced by …– Managers form a new middle class

• Technology replaces the peasant– It’s a Wal-Mart world

• Don’t forget socialist and Gov employees

New Roles for WomenNew Roles for Women

• Mr. Young’s Nanny

• Baby Boomers

• Technology, medicine, and Motherhood– Economic Boom from 1950-1973– More “white Collar” jobs– More women educated

• That’s one thing the communist got right

Youth and CountercultureYouth and Counterculture

• Again, it’s the baby boomers

• Blame the Americans

• 3 Key factors: mass communication; Lot’s of Kids (again, the baby boomers); economic progress

• Vietnam War and increase in poplularity of Communism

Conflict and Challenges in the late Conflict and Challenges in the late Cold War (1968-1985)Cold War (1968-1985)

• Vietnam War and Gas Lines– Policy of Containment (Truman Doctrine)– International Economy based on the $– OPEC’s US Embargo (Oct 1973)

• End of Post-war Renaissance

• West Germany and the Treaty of Reconciliation—Détente

• Afghanistan 1979

The Women’s MovementThe Women’s Movement

• Why—working mom’s; Feminist intellectuals; and unification movements

• The Second Sex

• The Feminine Mystique

• Very successful and encouraged other groups to call for social change

Troubled EconomyTroubled Economy

• Remember those gas lines? The beginning of the end– The Shah of Iran oil doubles again– Unemployment reaches highest level since

the great depression in Western Europe– Fall of EEC?...No Way!!

A New HopeA New Hope

• Thank you, Socialists– Big Government in Europe (>50% of National

Spending)—1982– Deficits lead to new wave of Conservatism