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Chap 2.4 Creating the Constitution Met in Philadelphia May 25, 1787
§ George Washington elected president of the convention
§ Worked in Secret § Framers new generation of American politics Changing Direction § Original goal improve the Articles of Confederation § May 30, 5 days after starting, adopted resolution to create a new government.
Compromise Needed to Create the Constitution
Compromise important part of government
13 States very different in geography and economic situations
Wide differences of opinion among delegates, but delegates agreed on basic fundamental issues
Ø Need of new national government, federal in nature Ø Concepts of Popular Sovereignty, Limited
Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances
Organizing the Philadelphia (Constitutional) Convention
n Met in Philadelphia May 25, 1787 n George Washington Elected president of the
convention n Worked in Secret
n Changing Direction n Original goal improve the Articles of
Confederation n May 30, 5 days after starting, adopted
resolution to create a new government.
Key Compromises
n Connecticut (Great) Compromise
n Three-Fifths Compromise
n Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Two Plans Proposed for New Government
Virginia Plan Large States Ø Number of Houses: 3
2 – Bicameral Branches of
Ø Representation: Government By size or wealth
Ø Stronger Central Government
New Jersey Plan Small States
Ø Number of Houses: 1 – Unicameral
Ø Representation:
Equal for all states Ø Weak Central Government
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
n Problem? n Representation in Congress
n Proposals n Small States wanted Equal Representation n Large States wanted by Population or Wealth
n Solution? n House of Representatives represented by
Population as desired by Large States n Senate has Equal Representation as desired
by Small States
Three Fifths Compromise n Problem?
n Should Slaves be counted in population? n Proposals
n Slave-holding States wanted to count them n Non Slave-holding States did not
n Solution? n Count all Free Persons. n Count three of every five Slaves (all other persons). n Slaves counted for representation (South wanted), but
also for taxation (North wanted). n Eliminated in the 13th amendment 1865.
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
n Problem? n New Government needed to regulate trade – major
problem with Articles of Confederation. n Southern States concerns: • New Government may be funded by taxing exports
(tobacco was biggest export at the time). • New Government would interfere with Slave Trade.
n Proposals n Ban Government’s ability to tax exports. n Forbid any discussion about the Slave trade in Congress.
n Solution? n Both proposals were agreed to. n Ban on discussion or legislation of slave trade for 20 years.
Chap 2.5 Ratifying the Constitution
n Convention completed work on September 17, 1787 (p. 54).
n Second Continental Congress accepted work of the Convention.
n Forwarded the proposed Constitution to the States of their vote.
n Needed approval of 9 states to ratify. n Nine states approved by June 1788, but
neither VA or NY had ratified it.
Arguments For and Against Federalists § Supported
Ratification § Favored stronger
national government
§ Argued the weaknesses of present government
§ Later became 1st political party in US
Anti-Federalists § Against Ratification § Favored weaker
national government, stronger state government
§ Concern – protection of personal liberties
§ Insisted on a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
n Series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison n Supported the ratification of the
Constitution n Hamilton wrote 51, Madison wrote 26, Jay
wrote 5 n Appeared in newspapers where ratification
was in doubt, New York and Virginia n Brutus and Cato, among others, versus
Publius
The Anti Federalist Papers
• A collection of articles, written in opposition to the ratification of the 1787 United States Constitution. • Unlike the Federalist Papers written in support of the Constitution, the authors of these articles, mostly operating under pseudonyms, were not engaged in a strictly organized project.
Ratification and New Beginning
n New York Becomes 11th state to ratify n July 26,1788
n Convinced by the arguments in the “Federalist Papers” n Collection of arguments for the new government
written by Madison, Hamilton and John Jay n Persuasive to the benefits of the proposed
government n Argued the weakness of present government
n New Government convened March 4, 1789 n George Washington unanimously elected First
President.
MemorizethisAcros.c/Createyourown
PLEJFASRA
PleaseLetEveryJuniorFailAsSeniorsRock!Always!!
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