Chapter 1-5 Review Drafting 1 and 2. Why is it important to carefully think about a career choice?...

Chapter 1-5 ReviewChapter 1-5 Review

Drafting 1 and 2Drafting 1 and 2

Why is it important to carefully think about a career Why is it important to carefully think about a career choice?choice?

What steps are needed to build a career?What steps are needed to build a career? Take a sheet of paper…define two types of Take a sheet of paper…define two types of

engineering (from the list)engineering (from the list)Aerospace, Architecture, Chemical, Civil, Aerospace, Architecture, Chemical, Civil,

Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, Mining and Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, Mining and Metalurgy, Nuclear, Petroleum, Plastics and Metalurgy, Nuclear, Petroleum, Plastics and Safety. Safety.

*in your own words*in your own words

Section1.1Section1.1Career PathsCareer Paths

Engineering, Architecture, Mechanical Design, Engineering, Architecture, Mechanical Design, Technical IllustractionTechnical Illustraction

Section 1.1Section 1.1EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship

EntrepreneurEntrepreneur Tell me some CharacteristicsTell me some Characteristics

Section 1.1Section 1.1Computer Aided DraftingComputer Aided Drafting

Advantage, Production input, Plan Extraction, Advantage, Production input, Plan Extraction, DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Take a sheet of paper…define two types of engineering (from the Take a sheet of paper…define two types of engineering (from the list)list) Aerospace, Architecture, Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, Aerospace, Architecture, Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial,

Mechanical, Mining and Metalurgy, Nuclear, Petroleum, Plastics and Mechanical, Mining and Metalurgy, Nuclear, Petroleum, Plastics and Safety. Safety.

Now… we will go to the computer lab, you Now… we will go to the computer lab, you will work in team’s of two and will write a will work in team’s of two and will write a paper on the history of two types of paper on the history of two types of engineering. engineering.

Section 1.2Section 1.2Skim over and define all terms listed on the Skim over and define all terms listed on the

first page.first page.

Sketching and LetteringSketching and Lettering

**** YOU SHOULD WRITE THESE DOWN and Define them.... Might be on a test!

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 1: Identify the ProblemSTEP 1: Identify the Problem -- Students -- Students should state the challenge problem in their should state the challenge problem in their own words. Example: How can I design a own words. Example: How can I design a __________ that will __________?__________ that will __________?

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 2: Identify Criteria and ConstraintsSTEP 2: Identify Criteria and Constraints -- -- Students should specify the design requirements Students should specify the design requirements (criteria). (criteria).

Example: Our growth chamber must have a growing Example: Our growth chamber must have a growing surface of 10 square feet and have a delivery surface of 10 square feet and have a delivery volume of 3 cubic feet or less. Students should list volume of 3 cubic feet or less. Students should list the limits on the design due to available resources the limits on the design due to available resources and the environment (constraints). Example: Our and the environment (constraints). Example: Our growth chamber must be accessible to astronauts growth chamber must be accessible to astronauts without the need for leaving the spacecraft.without the need for leaving the spacecraft.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 3: Brainstorm Possible SolutionsSTEP 3: Brainstorm Possible Solutions -- -- Each student in the group should sketch his Each student in the group should sketch his or her own ideas as the group discusses or her own ideas as the group discusses ways to solve the problem. Labels and arrows ways to solve the problem. Labels and arrows should be included to identify parts and how should be included to identify parts and how they might move. These drawings should be they might move. These drawings should be quick and brief.quick and brief.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 4: Generate IdeasSTEP 4: Generate Ideas -- In this step, each -- In this step, each student should develop two or three ideas more student should develop two or three ideas more thoroughly. Students should create new drawings thoroughly. Students should create new drawings that are orthographic projections (multiple views that are orthographic projections (multiple views showing the top, front and one side) and isometric showing the top, front and one side) and isometric drawings (three-dimensional depiction). These are drawings (three-dimensional depiction). These are to be drawn neatly, using rulers to draw straight to be drawn neatly, using rulers to draw straight lines and to make parts proportional. Parts and lines and to make parts proportional. Parts and measurements should be labeled clearly.measurements should be labeled clearly.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 5: Explore PossibilitiesSTEP 5: Explore Possibilities -- The -- The developed ideas should be shared and developed ideas should be shared and discussed among the team members. discussed among the team members. Students should record pros and cons of Students should record pros and cons of each design idea directly on the paper next each design idea directly on the paper next to the drawings.to the drawings.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 6: Select an ApproachSTEP 6: Select an Approach -- Students -- Students should work in teams and identify the should work in teams and identify the design that appears to solve the problem design that appears to solve the problem the best. Students should write a the best. Students should write a statement that describes why they chose statement that describes why they chose the solution. This should include some the solution. This should include some reference to the criteria and constraints reference to the criteria and constraints identified above.identified above.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 7: Build a Model or PrototypeSTEP 7: Build a Model or Prototype -- -- Students will construct a full-size or scale Students will construct a full-size or scale model based on their drawings. The model based on their drawings. The teacher will help identify and acquire teacher will help identify and acquire appropriate modeling materials and tools. appropriate modeling materials and tools. See the design brief for a sample list.See the design brief for a sample list.

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

STEP 8: Refine the DesignSTEP 8: Refine the Design -- Students will -- Students will examine and evaluate their prototypes or examine and evaluate their prototypes or designs based on the criteria and designs based on the criteria and constraints. Groups may enlist students constraints. Groups may enlist students from other groups to review the solution from other groups to review the solution and help identify changes that need to be and help identify changes that need to be made. Based on criteria and constraints, made. Based on criteria and constraints, teams must identify any problems and teams must identify any problems and proposed solutions.proposed solutions.

What is spatial visualization?What is spatial visualization?Isometric DrawingsIsometric DrawingsSketching Isometric DrawingsSketching Isometric DrawingsCoded PlansCoded PlansVisualization of ObjectVisualization of ObjectViewpointsViewpointsExamplesExamples

The ability to mentally manipulate, rotate, The ability to mentally manipulate, rotate, twist, or invert a pictorially presented objecttwist, or invert a pictorially presented object..

Important skill for scientific & technical fields, Important skill for scientific & technical fields, such as:such as:Architects & EngineersArchitects & EngineersDoctorsDoctorsComputer ProgrammersComputer ProgrammersAnyone needing a creative solution to a Anyone needing a creative solution to a

problemproblem

Sketching is drawing freehand without the Sketching is drawing freehand without the aid of any drafting equipment except paper aid of any drafting equipment except paper and pencil. It is a very common form of and pencil. It is a very common form of visual communication that is used in visual communication that is used in virtually ALL areas of work and life.virtually ALL areas of work and life.

1. Uses no drafting equipment - 1. Uses no drafting equipment - freehand freehand 2. Is an extremely fast form of visual 2. Is an extremely fast form of visual

communicationcommunication. . 3. Sketches increase 3. Sketches increase clarityclarity and understanding of and understanding of

concepts, shapes, or directions. concepts, shapes, or directions. 4. Is very convenient - can be done anywhere. 4. Is very convenient - can be done anywhere. 5. Is an extremely valuable 5. Is an extremely valuable organizational toolorganizational tool, ,

which helps to minimize or prevent errors. which helps to minimize or prevent errors. 6. Is a collection of all necessary information 6. Is a collection of all necessary information

required about an object - including detail, size and required about an object - including detail, size and shape descriptions. shape descriptions.

Critical FactorsCritical FactorsA. Key Reasons for SketchingA. Key Reasons for Sketching

     1) Communicate     1) Communicate     2) Organize     2) Organize     3) Realize Ideas     3) Realize Ideas

B. Key Factors while SketchingB. Key Factors while Sketching     1) Speed     1) Speed     2) Accuracy     2) Accuracy     3) Clarity     3) Clarity

Construction Lines to Object LinesConstruction Lines to Object Lines         1) ALL single lines - NO "fuzzy" art type 1) ALL single lines - NO "fuzzy" art type lines!lines!     2) Point to Point     2) Point to Point     3) Dash to Dash     3) Dash to Dash     4) Draw Left to Right OR Bottom to Top B.      4) Draw Left to Right OR Bottom to Top B.

Block TechniqueBlock Technique     1) Establish outer proportions of object(s)     1) Establish outer proportions of object(s)     2) Divide into areas of major shapes     2) Divide into areas of major shapes     3) Add detail as required     3) Add detail as required     4) Add text where necessary to clarify (notes      4) Add text where necessary to clarify (notes oror          dimensions)          dimensions)

Graph Technique (Resizing or Duplicating an Graph Technique (Resizing or Duplicating an Original)Original)         1) Use original photo or drawing OR a xerox copy. 1) Use original photo or drawing OR a xerox copy.     2) Draw Horizontal & Vertical grid lines on top of     2) Draw Horizontal & Vertical grid lines on top of          object spaced an exact distance apart (ex. ½",          object spaced an exact distance apart (ex. ½",          ¼", etc.).          ¼", etc.).     3) On clean sheet of paper reproduce grid at     3) On clean sheet of paper reproduce grid at          desired size (enlarge / reduce)          desired size (enlarge / reduce)     4) Add line detail a block at a time.     4) Add line detail a block at a time.

One View Orthographic ProjectionOne View Orthographic Projection          1) Always that view which would be considered the1) Always that view which would be considered the          front of the object.          front of the object.     2) Used when only one view is necessary to provide     2) Used when only one view is necessary to provide          shape description.          shape description.

Two View Orthographic ProjectionTwo View Orthographic Projection        1) Front View and Top View.  1) Front View and Top View.     2) Used for cylindrical objects when all side views     2) Used for cylindrical objects when all side views          are identical.          are identical.

Three View Orthographic ProjectionThree View Orthographic Projection        1) Front View, Top View, and Right Side View  1) Front View, Top View, and Right Side View     2) Provides the most complete shape and size     2) Provides the most complete shape and size          description.          description.     3) Is the industry standard for the manufacture of     3) Is the industry standard for the manufacture of          objects.          objects.

Enlargement / Reduction (Templates)Enlargement / Reduction (Templates)          1) Use of graph paper to enlarge or reduce grid1) Use of graph paper to enlarge or reduce grid          size          size     2) Complete sketch square by square, comparing     2) Complete sketch square by square, comparing          individual squares as you proceed.          individual squares as you proceed.

Realize Ideas / DesigningRealize Ideas / Designing         1) Front View, Top View, and Right Side View 1) Front View, Top View, and Right Side View     2) Clarity is essential, use text notes whenever     2) Clarity is essential, use text notes whenever          necessary.          necessary.     3) Be sure finished sketch reflects what is in your     3) Be sure finished sketch reflects what is in your          mind.          mind.

The Glass BOX!The Glass BOX!Does it exist?Does it exist?If it does….If it does….

How does it work?How does it work?What’s it purpose?What’s it purpose?

The Glass BOX!The Glass BOX!Does it exist? YESDoes it exist? YESIf it does….If it does….

How does it work? You will see….on next slideHow does it work? You will see….on next slideWhat’s it purpose? TO Help one visualize all the What’s it purpose? TO Help one visualize all the

views for an object.views for an object.

Imagine that you have an object Imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent threads inside suspended by transparent threads inside a glass box.a glass box.

Then draw the object on each of three Then draw the object on each of three faces as seen from that direction. Unfold faces as seen from that direction. Unfold the box (figure 4) and you have the three the box (figure 4) and you have the three views. We call this an "orthographic" or views. We call this an "orthographic" or "multiview" drawing."multiview" drawing.

Figure 5 shows how the three views Figure 5 shows how the three views appear on a piece of paper after appear on a piece of paper after unfolding the box.unfolding the box.

Which views should one choose for a Which views should one choose for a multiview drawing? multiview drawing?

The views that reveal every detail about the The views that reveal every detail about the object. Three views are not always object. Three views are not always necessary; we need only as many views as necessary; we need only as many views as are required to describe the object fully. are required to describe the object fully.

For example, some objects need only two For example, some objects need only two views, while others need four. The views, while others need four. The circular object in figure 6 requires only circular object in figure 6 requires only two views.two views.

Figure 6 - An object needing only two orthogonal views

Shows the faces of an objectShows the faces of an objectFaces are parallel to the viewing planeFaces are parallel to the viewing plane

FrontalFrontalProfileProfileHorizontalHorizontal

Front view shows height & width Front view shows height & width Side view shows height & depth Side view shows height & depth Top view shows width & depthTop view shows width & depthVisible edges are solid lines.Visible edges are solid lines.Non-visible edges are dashed (hidden) Non-visible edges are dashed (hidden)

lineslinesViews align with each otherViews align with each otherRotation from one view to another Rotation from one view to another

equals 90°equals 90°

A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in which the width, height, and depth of a which the width, height, and depth of a object are shown in one view. object are shown in one view.

A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in which the width, height, and depth of a which the width, height, and depth of a object are shown in one view. object are shown in one view. An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch

in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other.degrees) to each other.

A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in which the width, height, and depth of a which the width, height, and depth of a object are shown in one view. object are shown in one view. An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch

in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other.degrees) to each other.

A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in which the width, height, and depth of a which the width, height, and depth of a object are shown in one view. object are shown in one view. An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch in An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch in

which two of the axes are at right angles (90 which two of the axes are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other.degrees) to each other.

An isometric sketch is a type of pictorial sketch An isometric sketch is a type of pictorial sketch that relies on three axes to show width height that relies on three axes to show width height and depth. However , an isometric sketch, and depth. However , an isometric sketch, shows the axes spaced equally. (120 degrees)shows the axes spaced equally. (120 degrees)

A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in A Pictorial Sketch is a picturelike sketch in which the width, height, and depth of a which the width, height, and depth of a object are shown in one view. object are shown in one view. An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch An oblique sketch is a type of pictorial sketch

in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 in which two of the axes are at right angles (90 degrees) to each other.degrees) to each other.

Used to show 3-Dimensional projection on Used to show 3-Dimensional projection on a 2-Dimensional surface.a 2-Dimensional surface.

Projected so that width and length are 30Projected so that width and length are 30° ° from horizontal and height is vertical.from horizontal and height is vertical.

Shows height of each “cube” stack.Shows height of each “cube” stack.Each corner could be a viewpoint of the Each corner could be a viewpoint of the

object.object.Viewpoint means the direction in which an Viewpoint means the direction in which an

observer is viewing the object.observer is viewing the object.Similar to a top view in an Orthographic Similar to a top view in an Orthographic

Projection.Projection.

2

1

1V

V = Viewpoint

V

FOR SKECTHING –

DO NOT SHOW EACH CUBE. SHOW ONLY VISIBLE SURFACES AND EDGES, AS IF CUBES HAVE BEEN COMBINED.

2

1

1V

V = Viewpoint

V

Note location of viewpoint and coded plan noting height of object. Click to start animation.

2

1

2

V

3

1

Click to start animation.

Viewpoints can make the object appear Viewpoints can make the object appear differently.differently.

Example #2 is redrawn with a different Example #2 is redrawn with a different viewpoint.viewpoint.

2

1

2

V

3

1

Click to start animation.

Different look Different look Optical illusion of heightOptical illusion of heightViewpoints can show or exclude detailsViewpoints can show or exclude details

2

1

2

V

3

1

2

1

2

V

3

1

ISOMETRIC DRAWING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

Spatial Visualization is an important skill Spatial Visualization is an important skill Coded plans help you visualize a solid Coded plans help you visualize a solid

objectobjectViewpoints change look of object and can Viewpoints change look of object and can

hide detailshide details

Sketches are not usually made to scale Sketches are not usually made to scale (exact measurement).(exact measurement).It is important to still show proportions, so that It is important to still show proportions, so that

each part of the drawing is roughly the right each part of the drawing is roughly the right size in relation to other parts of the drawing.size in relation to other parts of the drawing.

First what is a dimension?First what is a dimension?Dimensioning is a way of enhancing the shape Dimensioning is a way of enhancing the shape

description provided by the drawing. By description provided by the drawing. By dimensioning the drawing, you are providing a dimensioning the drawing, you are providing a size description to enhance the shape size description to enhance the shape description provided.  description provided. 

When dimensioning a drawing, the drafter When dimensioning a drawing, the drafter must keep in mind the final object. must keep in mind the final object. Therefore, all information must be included Therefore, all information must be included such as sizes and the processes required such as sizes and the processes required to make the final piece.  to make the final piece. 

All drawings must be made to scale, with All drawings must be made to scale, with that scale indicated either in the title block, that scale indicated either in the title block, or below the detail's title on the sheet.  or below the detail's title on the sheet. 

There are many standards or "rules" for There are many standards or "rules" for

dimensioning a drawing. These may differ dimensioning a drawing. These may differ depending on the type of drawing and the depending on the type of drawing and the accepted business standards for that accepted business standards for that discipline. discipline. 

Rough SketchRough SketchRefined SketchRefined SketchPresentation SketchPresentation SketchTemporary SketchTemporary SketchPermanent SketchPermanent SketchThe OverlayThe Overlay

Paper and PencilPaper and Pencil

9H9H 8H8H 7H7H 6H6H 5H5H 4H4H 3H3H 2H2H HH FFHHBB

BB 2B2B 3B3B 4B4B 5B5B 6B6B 7B7B 8B8B 9B9B

HardestHardest →→ MediumMedium →→ SoftestSoftest

ToneTone U.S.U.S. WorldWorld

#1#1 BB

#2#2 HBHB

#2½ *#2½ * FF

#3#3 HH

#4#4

Lettering is used on drawings to give dimensions Lettering is used on drawings to give dimensions and other pertinent information needed to fully and other pertinent information needed to fully describe the item. describe the item.

The lettering must be neat and legible if it is to The lettering must be neat and legible if it is to be easily read and understood.be easily read and understood.

A drawing will be improved by good A drawing will be improved by good lettering.lettering.

However, a good drawing will look sloppy However, a good drawing will look sloppy and unprofessional if the lettering is poorly and unprofessional if the lettering is poorly done.done.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recommends that the recommends that the Single-Stroke Gothic AlphabetSingle-Stroke Gothic Alphabet be be the accepted lettering standardthe accepted lettering standard

It can be drawn rapidly and is highly legible because each It can be drawn rapidly and is highly legible because each part of every letter is made by a single stroke. part of every letter is made by a single stroke.

This is because there are no serifs on the letters of this This is because there are no serifs on the letters of this alphabet. alphabet. A serif is like a tiny foot on a letter; alphabets that have A serif is like a tiny foot on a letter; alphabets that have

serifs are more difficult to letter by hand. An alphabet serifs are more difficult to letter by hand. An alphabet without serifs is always called a san serif alphabet. without serifs is always called a san serif alphabet.

Today, because of computers, Today, because of computers, there are many different alphabet there are many different alphabet styles (also called fonts). styles (also called fonts). When lettering a drawing, if the When lettering a drawing, if the

single stroke Gothic alphabet is single stroke Gothic alphabet is not available, choose a san serif not available, choose a san serif font and use only upper case font and use only upper case letters.   letters.   

Use guide linesUse guide linesGuide lines should be drawn so lightly they will not show Guide lines should be drawn so lightly they will not show

up on a print made from the drawingup on a print made from the drawingVertical guide lines may be used to assure that the letters Vertical guide lines may be used to assure that the letters

will be verticalwill be vertical Inclined guide lines are drawn at 67 1/2Inclined guide lines are drawn at 67 1/200 to the horizontal to the horizontal

line when inclined lettering is to be used.line when inclined lettering is to be used.

INCLINED GUIDE LINES HELP KEEP

INCLINED LETTERING UNIFORM

Only one form of lettering should appear on a drawing.Only one form of lettering should appear on a drawing.

AVOID

COMbINING

SEVERAL fORMS

Of LETTERING.

Spacing:Spacing:Proper spacing of the letters is important. Proper spacing of the letters is important. The letters should be placed so spaces between the The letters should be placed so spaces between the

letters appear to be about the same. letters appear to be about the same.

SPACED VISUALLY

SPACED BY MEASURING

Designing new products, adapting or Designing new products, adapting or altering existing designs or creating altering existing designs or creating something brand new is always a something brand new is always a challenging task. However, if we can challenging task. However, if we can follow a process or a plan, we can often follow a process or a plan, we can often times shorten the time required to times shorten the time required to complete the project as well as ensure complete the project as well as ensure that we have not missed any necessary that we have not missed any necessary elements or crucial steps.elements or crucial steps.

TaskTaskUsing any available source, research and then write a one Using any available source, research and then write a one

page summary / explanation of "the design process." Be sure page summary / explanation of "the design process." Be sure to include the recommended steps that should be followed. to include the recommended steps that should be followed.

Use the design process to create a new or original product Use the design process to create a new or original product Create 'several' brainstorming sketches as you attempt to Create 'several' brainstorming sketches as you attempt to

work out the final version of your product work out the final version of your product Sketch a FINAL three view orthographic projection of your Sketch a FINAL three view orthographic projection of your

finished design. Be sure to include a title and as much detail finished design. Be sure to include a title and as much detail (and labels) as necessary to communicate your idea to (and labels) as necessary to communicate your idea to another person. another person.

Self evaluate... Self evaluate... Staple your papers (Research report, Brainstorming Staple your papers (Research report, Brainstorming

sketches & Final sketch) together and turn in. sketches & Final sketch) together and turn in.   

Assignments starting Page 58Assignments starting Page 58

Problems 1, 3, 6, 9,10 Problems 1, 3, 6, 9,10

Due in ONE WEEKDue in ONE WEEK

Complete on Graph paperComplete on Graph paper

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Board- Drafting EquipmentBoard- Drafting Equipment

VocabularyVocabulary

Drawing Board/ TableDrawing Board/ TableIs usually a large, flat board on which you Is usually a large, flat board on which you

attach a drawing sheet to make a drawing.attach a drawing sheet to make a drawing.

T-squareT-square

Used for horizontal lines & as a guide for other Used for horizontal lines & as a guide for other instrumentsinstruments

TrianglesTriangles

Tool for drawing vertical & inclined linesTool for drawing vertical & inclined lines4545° Triangle° Triangle

30°-60° Triangle30°-60° Triangle

ProtractorProtractor

Used for drawing inclined lines & anglesUsed for drawing inclined lines & angles

CompassCompass

Tool for drawing circles & arcsTool for drawing circles & arcs

French CurveFrench Curve

Also called an Irregular curveAlso called an Irregular curveConsists of a variety of curves that can be used Consists of a variety of curves that can be used

when arcs are not satisfactorywhen arcs are not satisfactory

DividerDivider

Looks like a compass, but both legs have steel Looks like a compass, but both legs have steel pints at the endpints at the end

Tool used for measurement purposesTool used for measurement purposes

TemplatesTemplates

Used to help in drawing shapes & symbolsUsed to help in drawing shapes & symbolsTemplates for producing squares, ellipses Templates for producing squares, ellipses

triangles, etc.triangles, etc.

Care of ToolsCare of Tools

Store in cabinet when not in useStore in cabinet when not in useDo not cut against edge of plastic toolsDo not cut against edge of plastic toolsKeep wooden tools & boards cleanKeep wooden tools & boards cleanOccasionally check t-squares for blade alignmentOccasionally check t-squares for blade alignment

Drawing Instrument SafetyDrawing Instrument Safety

Pass, do not throw, toolsPass, do not throw, toolsUse tools with points, such as the compass & Use tools with points, such as the compass &

dividers, only as directeddividers, only as directedUse knives as directed & store them in proper Use knives as directed & store them in proper

containerscontainers

SCALESSCALESThe Architects ScaleThe Architects ScaleThe Mechanical Engineer’s ScaleThe Mechanical Engineer’s ScaleThe Civil Engineer’s ScaleThe Civil Engineer’s ScaleThe Decimal Inch ScaleThe Decimal Inch Scale

Hand outHand out

AssignmentAssignmentPage 86Page 86Problems 1-3Problems 1-3Page 87 Page 87 Problem 4Problem 4

Complete any drawings on Graph Paper Complete any drawings on Graph Paper (sketching)(sketching)

CHAPTER 5 and REVIEWCHAPTER 5 and REVIEW

9H9H 8H8H 7H7H 6H6H 5H5H 4H4H 3H3H 2H2H HH FFHHBB

BB 2B2B 3B3B 4B4B 5B5B 6B6B 7B7B 8B8B 9B9B

HardestHardest →→ MediumMedium →→ SoftestSoftest

PencilsPencils

You should have 3 mechanical, ALL AT You should have 3 mechanical, ALL AT HBHB

.5 mm.5 mm .7mm.7mm .9mm.9mm

Use .9mm for the outline of an object, .7mm Use .9mm for the outline of an object, .7mm for center and hidden lines, .5 mm for for center and hidden lines, .5 mm for construction linesconstruction lines

PencilsPencils

You should have 5 different types of wood You should have 5 different types of wood pencilspencils

6H: Construction Lines (guide lines)6H: Construction Lines (guide lines)4H: Section Lines Phantom Lines4H: Section Lines Phantom Lines3H: Dimension Lines3H: Dimension Lines2H: Hidden and Center Lines2H: Hidden and Center LinesH: Object lines, Boarder, and LettersH: Object lines, Boarder, and Letters

9H9H 8H8H 7H7H 6H6H 5H5H 4H4H 3H3H 2H2H HH FFHHBB

BB 2B2B 3B3B 4B4B 5B5B 6B6B 7B7B 8B8B 9B9B

HardestHardest →→ MediumMedium →→ SoftestSoftest

The Alphabet of LinesThe Alphabet of Lines

Page 104Page 104Make a short hand list of these lines, Make a short hand list of these lines,

thickness, and any other important thickness, and any other important information.information.

Tape this list to your Drafting DeskTape this list to your Drafting Desk

Chapter 5Chapter 5 VocabularyVocabulary

GeometryGeometry Geometric ConstructionGeometric Construction VertexVertex BisectBisect PerpendicularPerpendicular ParallelParallel PolygonPolygon InscribeInscribe CircumscribeCircumscribe Regular PolygonRegular Polygon EllipseEllipse

5 Geometry for Drafting

Chapter Objectives• Identify geometric shapes and constructions used by drafters.• Construct various geometric shapes. • Solve technical and mathematical problems through geometric

constructions using drafting instruments.• Solve technical and mathematical problems through geometric

constructions using a CAD system.• Use geometry to reduce or enlarge a drawing or to change its proportions.

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-2

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-3

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-4

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-5

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-6

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-7

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-8

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-9

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-10

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-11

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-12

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-13

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-14

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-15

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-16

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-17

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-18

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-19

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-20

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-21

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-22

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-23

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-24

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-25

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-26

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-27

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-28

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-29

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-30

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-31

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-32

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-33

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-34

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-35

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-36

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-37

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-38

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-39

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-40

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-41

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-42

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-43

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-44

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-45

Applied Geometry for Board Drafting

Figure 5-46

Geometry and Geometric Geometry and Geometric ConstuctionsConstuctions

What do you need to be able to What do you need to be able to understand geometric constructions?understand geometric constructions?Pythagorean Theorem (page 135 FG 5-2)Pythagorean Theorem (page 135 FG 5-2)Page 136 FG 5-3Page 136 FG 5-3Turn to Page 138, Pages 138-157Turn to Page 138, Pages 138-157You are to read each method, and in a short You are to read each method, and in a short

definition explain each, and give a small definition explain each, and give a small example on a sheet of paper, this is due example on a sheet of paper, this is due Friday 11/6 (drafting 1)Friday 11/6 (drafting 1)

Applied Geometry for CAD Applied Geometry for CAD SystemsSystems

VocabularyVocabularyObject SnapObject SnapOgee CurveOgee Curve IntervalsIntervalsSpecifySpecify

Chapter 5.2Chapter 5.2

What do object snaps allow a drafter to do?What do object snaps allow a drafter to do? MidpointMidpoint NearestNearest EndpointEndpoint CenterCenter IntersectionIntersection QuadrantQuadrant PerpendicularPerpendicular TangentTangent

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-48

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-49

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-50

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-51

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-52

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-53

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-54

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-55

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-56

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-57

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-58

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-59

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-60

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-61

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-62

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-63

Applied Geometry for CAD Systems

Figure 5-64

Get your books…Get your books…

Turn to page 160Turn to page 160 Try each out thru page 169.Try each out thru page 169.You assignment is to completeYou assignment is to complete

Packet 4 Packet 4 Chapter 5 Math PacketChapter 5 Math PacketTest Next FRIDAYTest Next FRIDAY

Can cover anything from the beginning of the year until Can cover anything from the beginning of the year until now. now.