Chapter 10 MOTIVATION When you finish this chapter you will be able to: Classifying theories of...

1

Chapter 10

MOTIVATIONWhen you finish this chapter you will be able to:

Classifying theories of motivationContent theories of motivationProcess theories of motivationApplications of work motivation

2

1. Classifying theories of motivation

Content theories: -Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory -Herzberg Two Factor Theory -Achievement Motivation Theory

Process theories :-Goal Setting Theory -Vroom's Expectancy Theory -Adam's Equity Theory -Poter's Performance Satisfaction Model

3

2. Content theories of motivation

Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals.

Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

4

5

Herzberg’s two-factor or Motivation hygiene theory

6

Achievement motivation theory

Achievement motivation theory: is relation personal characteristics and background to a need for achievement and the associated competitive drive to meet standards of excellence.

7

3. Process Theories of Motivation

Behavior Modification Theory:Reinforce the desired behavior: praise is much

more potent than criticism or even punishment.

Immediacy matters: feedback after the event is useful at a cognitive level, but from a behavioral point of view, the feedback (praise) has to be so close to the specific bit of behavior that there is no doubt as to what it applies to.

8

3. Process Theories of Motivation

Expectancy Theory: states that, individuals make decisions, which they believe will lead to reward or reduce the likelihood of pain.

EFFORT

PERFORMANCE

OUTCOME (reward)

PERSONAL GOAL

Expectancy?Lead to

Instruments?Lead to

Valence?

9

Expectancy Theory Formula: is comprised of three components: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence.

M= E×I×VM=MotivationE=ExpectancyI=InstrumentalityV=Valence

3. Process Theories of Motivation

10

Relation: Performance &Satisfaction

Performance

IntrinsicMotivation

ExtrinsicMotivation

Getting Feel to give equity value

Satisfaction

11

4. Goal Setting Theory

Goal specificityGoal difficultyGoal FeedbackParticipation in goal settingCompetition

12

5. Applications of work motivation

Money as motivator

13

Intrinsic Rewards

5. Applications of work motivation