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Chapter 11 – Teaching and Learning with Technology in
Mathematics and Science Instruction
Cullen Byrne and Abby Harnack
Mathematics Principles
Six Principles Fundamental to all School Math Programs
1) Equity
2) Curriculum
3) Teaching
4) Learning
5) Assessment
6) Technology
Mathematics Standards
Five Content Standards
o Numbers and Operations
o Algebra, Geometry
o Measurement
o Data Analysis
o Probability
Five Process Standards
o Problem Solving
o Reasoning and Proof
o Communication
o Connections
o Representations
Technology in the Math Classroom
Teachers should:
balance off- and on-computer activities
consider technology as a mathematical tool rather than a pedagogical tool
view technology as a tool for developing student thinking
Technology Integration Strategies in the Math Classroom
Bridging the gap between abstract and concrete virtual manipulatives
Allowing representation of mathematical principles
Supporting mathematical problem solving
Implementing data-driven curricula
Supporting math-related communications
Motivating skill-building and practice
Other mathematics resource websites for teachers
Technology Representation of Math Principles
Virtual manipulatives
Graphing calculators
Interactive/dynamic geometry software
Computer algebra system (CAS)
Calculator-based laboratories (CBLs or probeware)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9b7lwC8aMU
Science Process Skills
Collecting
Sorting
Cataloguing
Observing
Note-taking
Sketching
Interviewing
Polling
Surveying
“in many inquiry-based classrooms, students are using innovative technology tools and resources such as Internet search engines and databases, model building software, handheld technologies, and a wide array of data collection and communication tools to engage in real-world investigations and communicate findings. Increasingly students are using the same technology tools that are used by participating scientists.” – Harris and Rooks
The Narrowing Pipeline
There is a declining number of students (especially female and minority students) pursuing studies in the math, science, and engineering fields
This trend could lead to serious consequences for the long-term economic and national security of our country
Great need for all students to be scientifically literate
Our economy and environment depend on the character and quality of the science education that the nation’s schools provide
Hands-on/Minds-on Science
“engaging in in-depth investigations with objects, materials, phenomena, and ideas and drawing meaning and understanding from those experiences.” – Haury and Rillero Karen Worth
Focus is placed on emerging students in authentic learning experiences
Simulated labs keep with the idea of hands-on learning – such labs allow students to spend more time focusing on the “science” of the activities when danger and sensory unpleasantness are removed
There is debate over the acceptance of computer simulations as a substitute for real-life laboratory experiences
Technology Integration Strategies in the Science Classroom
Involving students in scientific inquiry through authentic online projects
Support for specific processes in scientific inquiry
Supporting science skills and concept learning
Engaging students in engineering topics through robotics
Accessing science information and tools
Other science resource websites for teachers
Technology Representation of Science Principles
Virtual science labs
Data loggers
Hands-on/minds-on science
Webcasts
Specific Processes in Scientific Inquiry
Locating information to investigate scientific issues and questions
Collecting data
Visualizing data and phenomena
Analyzing data
Communicating results
Math and Science Content Knowledge
Content change is a constant in both math and science
The concepts do not change, but the set of concepts and skills that students are required to know consistently grows and changes
Some states are beginning to require higher-level math and science courses of all students
Elementary teachers face a special challenge because the number of math and science skills young students must master is increasing
Math and Science Pedagogical Knowledge
Teachers are challenged to know the most effective ways to have students “do” science and math
Learning by doing requires a constructivist mindset that is new to many teachers
Teachers must teach in ways that are engaging and motivational
Online pedagogy is especially challenging (hands-on teaching and assessment methods are more time-consuming than simple lecturing and rote learning)
Math and Science Technological Knowledge
In order to teach students to use the technology tools of math and science, teachers must become masters of these tools
Math and science teachers must be expert users of virtual manipulatives, spreadsheets, calculators, graphing calculators, data loggers, and simulations (depending on the topic and grade level being taught)
Teachers must be well-acquainted with the growing number of online tools that can help support hands-on lessons
Teachers must know how to employ distance education tools that can help them keep in touch with their students and updated on their content and pedagogy
Strategies for Improving Tech-PACK in Math and Science Instruction
Do I have the math and/or science content knowledge I need to assist my students in meeting the standards within my classroom?
Do I have the technological knowledge needed to teach the math and/or science content within my classroom?
Do I have the pedagogical knowledge needed to teach the mathematics and/or science content within my classroom?
Math and Science-Related Websites That Reinforce Chapter Concepts
www.nms.org The National Math and Science Initiative website posts creative ideas to integrate technology into your math and science classroom. One post specifically covers the benefits of integrating technology into the classroom.
http://www.nctm.org/about/content.aspx?id=14233 The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics website is a website dedicated to mathematic education. This link communicates the important role that technology plays in the learning and teaching of mathematics.
http://nstacommunities.org/blog/2011/12/23/technology-integration-in-science/ The National Science Teachers Association website is devoted to science education. There are educational resources, standards, and professional blogs located on this site. This link talks about the importance of technology integration in the classroom.
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/teachingtoday/subject/int_tech_math.phtml Teaching Today has posted this article on integrating technology in the mathematics classroom. It covers topics such as calculators, computer software, The Internet, interactive whiteboards, etc. and the important role that each play in teachers’ and students’ lives.
http://www.janinelim.com/jae/02summ.htm This website, Out On A Lim, created by Janine Lim, PhD has created a list of ideas to integrate technology into the science classroom. Lim argues that technology is such a valuable resource to teacher, that it is important to find creative ways to integrate technology in your classroom.
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