Chapter 12-Imperialism

Chapter 12-Imperialism What is imperialism?

– 1 country controls political, economic, or cultural life of another country/region

By 1870’s most of the world was under Euro. Rule

Why would these European nations do this?

Reasons Economic Factors

– Industrial growth in Europe increased the need to natural resources

– These nations needed new markets Nationalist Factors

– Nationalism-devotion to one’s nation

Reasons Military Factors

– Advances in technology– Stronger armies and navies– Required bases around the world– Prestige

Humanitarian Factors– Spread ideas

Politically and religious

Rapid Spread How were Euro nations able to gain

so much land?– Older Empires are in the decline

Ex. Ottoman Empire– Strong econ, gov’t, tech, and military– Resistance

Didn’t match Euro strength Educated nationalists finally get Euro out

Support Pro-imperialists and Anti-Imperialists

– Pro: nation’s destiny, expand markets– Anti: benefits the rich, racism

Two Methods of Rule Direct Rule

– Controls every level of govt

– Appoints positions – Ex- France and

Germany

Indirect Rule– Euro. is in control at

the top– Leaves original

leaders in power– Ex. Great Britain

Made decisions-local officers enforced them

Results-THE SAME

Sphere of Influence Outside power claims investment or

trading privileges– Areas of China

Section 2-Early 1800’s– North Africa

Sahara and Farming areas

Islamic influence Part of the Ottoman

Empire– East Africa

Islamic influence Trading centers

– Southern Africa Zulu Nation ruled

the area Boers-Dutch farmers

– Conflict between them and Zulus

– Western Africa Islamic influence Traders

Early Explorers Missionaries

– Catholic and Protestant

– Built schools, hospitals

– But viewed their way of life as backwards

Dr. David Livingstone– Wrote about his

findings and anti-slavery

– Was not heard for years until 1871

Scramble Congo

– King Leopold IIReason he told people why they went there?

– Barbaric lifestyles and they’re there to help– Belgium exploited the riches – Reports of horrible mistreatment

Leopold gave the colony to the gov’t

Cont. Expansion France

– Conquered Northern Africa

– Controlled Western and Central Africa

– French Empire in Africa was larger than the US

Britain– Scattered but lots

of resources– Issues with the

Boers– Boer War 1899-

1902 British won at a cost

– 1910- Union of South Africa created

Resisting Rule France dealt with

the Algerians British-Zulus and

Asante

Ethiopia – Fought off Euro rule– Unification under

Menelik II Industrialize New tech. Italy invaded and

lost

Key Points Section 3 Decline of Empires Reform movements

– Opposed Euro rule, Ottoman way of life

Problems w/ Ottoman– Revolts– European pressure– Conflict with social

changes– Youth revolt– WWI– Armenian Genocide

Egypt– Muhammad Ali

Brought modernization to Egypt

– Building of the Suez Canal

Persia – Russia and GB wanted

this area– Oil–

8:4 The British Take Over India, 1805

“THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH EMPIRE!”

I. Early Years Why do you think the British

conquered India so easily?– Exploited its diversity

Different cultures, languages, traditions – GB took advantage

Indians couldn’t unite GB created division, supplied local rulers

with weapons

II. “The Brightest Jewel”

A. The Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-Angry Hindus & Muslims revolt over East

India Company control & laws (mandatory military, marriage, etc)

B. Aftermath – Northern, Central India to Delhi attacked– Massacred British men, women, children

How do you think the British responds?– Crush the riots – Slaughter thousands of unarmed Indians– Burn villages

Impact of GB Rule

C. Est. a viceroy– British at the top of gov’t, Indians fill

other positions – Deforestation for farming – Population growth, which led to famine

D. Educated Indians united Est. a democracy

– 1947, India gains independence from British rule.

Who is GHANDI?

"When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall — think of it, always.“

"What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?“

"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.“

"There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but no causes that I am prepared to kill for."

III. Impact of ImperialismA. Increased nationalism in conquered

territoriesB. Modernized nationsC. Increased tensions in the worldD. Increased trade, interconnected worldE. Spread Christianity & western culture

12:5 China’s New Imperialism

A. Britain desires Opium trade-China “closed door policy” to west

(Emperor Qian Long)-China practices balance of trade, export

more than import

B. Opium War 1839 China outlawed Opium trade GB refuses = war 1839 GB modern navy defeats China’s

outdated weapons.

C. Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 Indemnity- China pays losses to GB

– GB gains Hong Kong– “Open Door Policy” Chinese ports to all

trade– Qing dynasty power decreasing by

1800’s

D. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)

Poverty & misery increasing = peasants revolt

Hong Xiuquan, leader of “Heavenly Kingdom of Peace” aka Taiping, inspired by Christianity

20-30 million Chinese die Lasts 14 years Russia seizes land in north Weakens Qing gov’t more

E. “Self Strengthening Movement”

1860’s China No government support westernize Built factories,

modern weapons railroads

F. War with Japan 1868 Japan modernized 1894 War with China to acquire Korea

– Defeat revealed China’s industrial weakness

– European countries carve land from empire

1898 Guang Xu, “100 days of reform”

westernizedJailed Guang, CiXi

gains power

G. Anti Foreign Feeling Boxer Rebellion

– Drive out “foreign devils”– Japan crushes revolt– Forced Chinese to support

westernization– Increased nationalism– 1900 became a

Constitutional Monarchy

H. Chinese Republic

a. Sun Yixian, President 1911b. “Three principles of people”- built

by Revolutionary Alliance1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Economic livelihood

China at war with itself.

Word Wall Use these key terms to create a

summary of the chapterBoxer rebellion Taiping RebellionTreaty of Nanjing Opium War

ViceroyBerlin Conf. King Leopold

Indirect/Direct Imperialism