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Chapter 13: Treating Psychological Disorders. Amber Gilewski Tompkins Cortland Community College. Psychological Treatment. Who seeks it?. Typical sequence of steps. Assessment Diagnosis Treatment. 15% of U.S. population in a given year Most common presenting problems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 13: Treating Psychological
Disorders
Amber Gilewski
Tompkins Cortland Community College
Psychological Treatment
Who seeks it?
15% of U.S. population in a given year
Most common presenting problems
Anxiety and Depression
Women more than men
Medical insurance
Education level
Typical sequence of steps
Assessment
Diagnosis
Treatment
Figure 15.2 Therapy utilization rates
Who Provides Treatment?
Clinical psychologists: doctorate degree
Counseling psychologists: doctorate degree
Psychiatrists: medical doctors
Clinical social workers: master’s degree
Psychiatric nurses: bachelor’s/master’s degree
Counselors: master’s degree
Psychological Approach: Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud and followers Goal: discover unresolved unconscious conflicts
Free association: spontaneously expressing thoughtsDream analysis: interpreting our unconscious thoughtsInterpretation: understanding the inner meaning
Resistance – unconscious ways of hindering therapy
Transference – unconsciously relating to therapist in a similar way to key relationships in one’s life
Psychological Approach: Person-Centered Therapy
Carl Rogers – humanistic perspective Goal: restructure self-concept to better
correspond to reality Therapeutic Climate
Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Psychological Approach:Behavior Therapies
B.F. Skinner and colleagues Goal: unlearning maladaptive behavior and learning
adaptive ones Systematic Desensitization – Joseph Wolpe –
reducing phobic anxiety behavior
Classical conditioning
Anxiety hierarchy Aversion therapy
Alcoholism, sexual deviance, smoking, etc. Social skills training
Modeling
Behavioral rehearsal
Psychological Approach:Cognitive Therapy or
Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyAaron Beck Cognitive therapy
Albert Ellis Rational emotive behavior therapy
Goal: to change the way clients think Identify incorrect or distorted beliefs Detect and recognize negative thoughts Reality testing Kinship with behavior therapy
Social Approach:Group Therapies
Advantages Economical More experiences for client to draw upon Social support of the group
Disadvantages Unable to express feelings to group
Couple therapy
Family therapy
Biomedical TherapiesPsychopharmacotherapy
Antianxiety - Valium, Xanax, Buspar Antipsychotic - Thorazine, Mellaril, Haldol
Tardive dyskinesiaClozapine – newer medication
Antidepressants:Tricyclics – Elavil, TofranilMao inhibitors (MAOIs) - NardilSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
Mood stabilizersLithiumValproic acid
Biomedical TherapiesElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT): electric shock used to induce seizures/convulsions
- unsure why it works
- last resort treatment
- controversial
Psychosurgery (i.e. lobotomies)
- rarely used
- refined versions used today
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- newer treatment; stimulates brain electrically
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