Chapter 24 World War II ?? - 1945. Chapter 24 Section 1 I can list the events that led to the...

Chapter 24World War II

?? - 1945

Chapter 24 Section 1

I can list the events that led to the

outbreak of World War II

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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 770 - 775Bullet Points: Pg.829

Reading: Pgs. 802 - 807

Events• 1918 – World War I Armistice was not a

world wide treatyoGermans punished and suffer from

WWI• 1921 – World suffers post war recessionoAdolf Hitler becomes the leader of the

German Nazi Party

Different Countries With Similar Problems and

Results• Russia• Italy• Germany• Japan

• Economic and Social Problems cause unrest

• 1922 – Benito Mussolini threatens to overthrow government

How does the Italian government respond?

Italy• Mussolini named “Prime Minister”oCreates World’s First Fascist

Government

Fascism• A political system based on militarism,

extreme nationalism, and loyalty to the state and its leader.oThe boss is always rightoSuperior nations must conquer and

control weaker nations

Mussolini• Italy is superior to other countriesoReturn to the Roman Empire

• BannedoFreedom of the PressoOther Political PartiesoJailed or Murdered Critics

Government Changes

Problems

RussiaJoseph Stalin and the Communist Party

Russia• Communism created a totalitarian

government in RussiaoTotalitarian - Single Party System

• Government controls farms, land, animals, and buisnesses

• 4 million critics were executed or sent to prison camps (GULAGS)

GULAGS

Russia

Government Society

Problems

Germany• Economic struggles caused by WWI led

to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler

• Harsh treatment from WWI left many Germans unhappy with the World

Nazism• Form of Fascism• Anti-Semitic• Germans are the Master Race• Believed WWI was lost because Jews and

inferior people like Gypsies• Hitler uses this belief to his advantage

Adolf Hitler• Elected Chancellor

in 1933• Political Parties

Outlawed• Secret Police

Enforce His Will

Jewish Community in Germany

• Blamed for social and economic issuesoScapegoat

• Banned from professions• Community was attacked• Sent to slave labor camps

Germany

Government Society

Japan• Japan’s economy struggles following

WWI• Japan felt that they need space• 1936 – Militarists take control

Japan’s Military Aggression

• Believed they were superioroRacist

• Aggression – Warlike actions against another nation without cause

• 1931 – Japan Seizes Manchuria and China• 1937 – Attacks Nanjing China, 250,000

Civilians and POW’s killed

Government Society

Japan’s Control of Asia

Consequences• Japan suspended from League of Nations

for one year

Four New Powers

Italy Russia Japan GermanyGovernment

Leaders

Military Aggression• 1935 – Italy Invades EthiopiaoHaile Selassie appeals

to the League of NationsoWeak responseoEthiopia Falls

German Aggression

• Hitler rebuilds German Army• 1936 – Troops sent into Rhineland• 1938 – Hitler takes over Austria• World’s Response?oNothing

German Aggression• 1938 – Germany tries to take over

Czechoslovakia • Britain & France Object• Munich PactoFrance agrees to let Germany take part

of Czech in return for no further aggression

oNo one asked the Czechs

Appeasement• A policy of giving into

aggression to avoid war• Neville Chamberlain o“Peace in our time”

• Did it work?• 1939 – Hitler takes the

rest of Czech

America’s Response

• Neutrality Act 1935oNo assistance to those in war

• Good Neighbor PolicyoUS removes troops from South

America• What did the United States hope to gain

from this?

War Begins in Europe• 1939 – Germany invades PolandoHitler and Stalin agree to non-aggression dealoSecretly agree to divide Poland

• Russia invades Finland• September 3rd 1939oFrance and England declare war on

Germany

Germany Invades Poland

Germany’s March• 1940oDenmark, Norway, Netherlands,

Luxemburg, and Belgium Fall• France under attack

Fight for France• English and French put on the defensive• Pushed back to Dunkirk• English Evacuate

June 22, 1940

France Surrenders

Battle for Britain• Hitler launches an air attackoTens of thousands killed

• Attacks ravaged the land, but Britain did not break

• Britain Stands Alone

Winston Churchill

June 22nd, 1941

Germany Attacks Russia

Hitler’s March

1940 194

1Take over of Czech and

Peace in Our Time

Appeasement Fails and

Poland Falls

Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France Fall

England and Russia Under Attack

Chapter 24 Section 2

The United States at War

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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 776 - 781Bullet Points: 829

Reading: 808-813

Ch. 24 Sec. 2

I understand how the United states moved from neutrality

to full involvement in the war.

FDR’s Pledge• “Your boys are not going to be sent into

any foreign wars”• Easily reelected for

third term

Lend-Lease Act• Sold supplies to Britain• Allowed for US to lend or lease supplies

to the British• Act extended to Russia and China• Most Americans agreed

United States Prepares• Build up of Army and Navy• Peace Time Draft

started• Created Tuskegee

Airmen

Atlantic Charter• US and Britain lay out future goalsoWould seek no territorial gainsoEvery nation has the right to choose

their own governmentoNew peacekeeping organization

Japan and the Pacific• 1941 – Japan invades IndochinaoRoosevelt bans sale of iron and scrap

metal to JapanoLimits sale of oil to Japan

December 7th, 1941

Japan Attacks the United States at

Pearl Harbor

Why did the Japanese attack?

• The Japanese attacked because they feared the Americans would become involved, and they needed time to secure supplies.

The Damage• 200 Airplanes Destroyed

• 2 Battleships Destroyed

• 6 Battleships Damaged

• 2,400 Dead

United States Enters The War

• December 8th, 1941oCongress Declares War on Japan

Total War• December 11, 1941oGermany and Italy declare war on the

United StatesDivisions

Allies AxisUnited States Germany Britain Japan France ItalySoviet Union China

Two Fronts• ETOoEurope and Africa

• PacificoPacific Ocean, Australia, Indochina,

and Japan

Europe and North Africa 1942

• Germany controlled most of Western Europe

• Germany had advanced deep into Russia• Millions of Russians dead

Russian Winter• December 1941oRussians stopped German advance

outside of Moscow• 1942oGermany tries again at StalingradoRussians stop them once again

Eastern Front

North Africa• Erwin Rommel defeated in North Africa• British attack from the East• United States under Gen. Eisenhower

attack from the West• Germans retreat

North Africa

Axis POW’s

Japan 1942• Hong Kong• Malaysia• Thailand• Burma• Guam• Wake Islands• Dutch East Indies• Solomon Islands

Philippines• Attacked hours after Pearl Harbor

Philippines• 2 weeks later Japan invades at Luzon• American forces retreat to Bataan• MacArthur ordered to leave

Bushido• frugality, loyalty, mastery of

martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide).

The Tide Turns

•Coral Sea & Midway

Battle of Coral Sea – May 1942• Japan to invade

Port Moresby• U.S. learns from

radio intercept• Send fleet to stop• 2 carriers,

Lexington and Yorktown

Outcome• Lexington lost• Japan loses fewer ships• Cancels invasion of Port

Moresby• First naval fight where ships

never shoot at each other

Battle of Midway – June 1942

• Japan to wipe out American Fleet• Tries to trap American carriers• Americans learn of plan by radio• Sets own trap• Sinks 4 Japanese carriers• Loses 1 of own

Chapter 24, Section 3

THE HOME FRONT

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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 770 - 775

I can understand how the home front

responded to American

participation in the war

Building the Military• Draft changed to

keep men in for the entire war

• 15 Million men drafted or volunteered

Women in the Military• Nurses• WAC’s• WAVE’s• WASP’s – Ferry Pilots

A Wartime Economy• Industry converted from consumer to

military products• War Production Board supervised

everything• Military output doubled• Unemployment shrank• Minorities found jobs• Depression ended

Supporting the War• Victory Gardens• Rationing• War Bonds

Four Groups Affected By the War

Women Japanese Americans

African Americans Mexican Americans

Women in Industry• Factories• Shipyards• Crane operators• Bus drivers• Police Officers• Gas station attendants

Women in Industry

• Better pay – Equal pay• Better working conditions• Sense of freedom• Sense of confidence

“Rosie the Riveter”

Keeping up the boys spirits

Japanese Americans• At start of war, 300,000 Japanese

Americans lived in U.S. • Americans afraid that they may be spies• Feb. 1942, 110,000 locked in internment

camps far inland• Forced to sell property

WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

Japanese Americans• Not one case of disloyalty• 17,000 served in ETO• 442nd Neisi combat Regimental

Team most decorated unit in history• 1990, each survivor given $20,000

52 560

4,000 9.486

Other Tensions• 11,000 foreign born German and

several hundred Italian Americans interned

• Had not yet gained citizenship• Naturalized citizens faced

curfews and travel limits

African Americans• Segregated military units• Discrimination in private industry• Roosevelt pressured into ordering

equality in hiring• Set up the Fair Employment

Practices Committee

African Americans• As African Americans moved to cities,

competition over housing• 1943 race riots in Detroit and New York

Mexican Americans• ½ million served in armed forces in WW

II• 1942 treaty with Mexico allowed U.S.

companies to hire Mexican laborers

WHERE DID THEY WORK?• Faced prejudice and violence

Mexican Americans• 1943 – Zoot suit riots in L.A.• Newspapers blamed Mexican

Americans• Eleanor Roosevelt blamed

discrimination.

Chapter 24, Section 4

Toward Victory

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Bullet Points pg. 829 Read pgs. 821-827

•I can understand how the Allies won World War II and the results

LEADERS• Roosevelt – U.S.• Churchill – England• Stalin – Russia• Hitler – Germany• Mussolini – Italy• Eisenhower – U.S.• Rommell - Germany

Victory in Europe• Stalin wants 2nd front

• 1943 – Roosevelt and Churchill did not think Allies ready

WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

The Plan• Invade Italy, 1943 – Draw Italian

and German forces south• Invade France in 2 places, 1944 –

Catch Germany off guard when France invaded

• Russia pushes west

The Result• Sicily captured then Italy invaded• Mussolini out• Italy surrenders, but• Germans take over parts of Italy

and resist

The result• Hitler tries to save Mussolini but captured

and killed

The result Allies continue the fight in Italy

Monte Cassino- Before

Monte Cassino - After

D-DAY• June 1944• Invasion of France

WHERE WOULD YOU INVADE?

Differing opinionsHitler

• Pas de CalaisRommell

• Normandy Coast

Where do majority of German troops go?

Where do Allies land ?

Bocage• Troops fought way inland• Caught in the Bocage (Hedgerow) area• Earth and hedge 15 feet high

Paris• By August 1944,

allies had retaken Paris France

2nd invasion of France• August 1944, Southern France invaded

Battle of the Bulge• Dec. 1944 German push against

allies• Attacked through Argonne Forest• Lightly defended by Allies

Bastogne Surrounded• Germans surround town of

Bastogne• Held by 101st Airborne• Germans ask for surrender• American General gives a 1 word

Germany Invaded

• Jan 1945 Russia reaches Germany, pushes west

• U.S. reaches Germany and pushes east

• Germany caught in a vise

Germany Invaded• U.S. stops just east of Elbe River• Allows Russia to take Berlin

Germany Invaded• U.S. and Britain bomb Germany non-stop

Roosevelt DiesoAp. 12, 1945, President Roosevelt

diesoV.P. Harry Truman takes over

Germany Collapses• German troops retreat• Last stand in Berlin

Hitler DeadoCommits suicide Ap. 30, 1945oMay 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders

CommandersMacArthur Nimitz

Strategy• Move across Pacific, closer to

Japan then bomb until surrender

Strategy• Midway• 78 different attacks• Guadalcanal – Solomon Island – Aug

1942• New Georgia & New Guinea – 1943• Bouganville – 1943• Tarawa – Gilbert Islands 1943

Strategy• Take back Aleutians – 1943• Kwajalein, 1944• Saipan, Tinian, and Guam – Summer

1944• Back to Phillippines – Oct 1944 – Aug

15, 1945• Iwo Jima – Feb 1945• Okinowa – Ap 1945

ResultsBut at What Cost?

Guadalcanal – Solomon Islands

• 1004 Dead

New Georgia – New Guinea

• 170 Dead

Bouganville• 1,243 Dead

Tarawa – Bloody Tarawa• 1,711 Dead

Aleutians• 180 Dead

Kwajalein• 372 Dead

Saipan• 2,949 Dead

Japanese Suicides - Saipan

Tinian• 328 Dead

Guam• 7,100 Dead

Philippines• 4,438 Dead

Iwo Jima• 2,093 Dead

Okinawa• 7, 272 Dead

What did we want?• Airfields

WHY?• To bomb Japan

Before Atomic Bomb• Japan fights back - Kamikaze

• I can list the events that led to the outbreak of World War II

Answer – Ch. 24 Sec. 11.Totalitarian dictators gained power after

2. Germany, Italy, and Japan started on a path of military conquest

3.The United States tried to remain neutral in world affairs

4.Germany and Russia agree not to hurt one another then divide Poland when Germany invades Poland

• I understand how the United States moved from neutrality to full involvement in the war.

Answers Ch. 24 Sec 21. The U.S. increased military production,

created a peace time draft and agreed to help its allies.

2.The U.S. finally entered the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941.

3.After the loss of the Philippines and most of the South Pacific islands, the U.S. finally beat the Japanese at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Germans in North Africa

I understand how the home front responded

to American participation in the war

Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 31.The U.S. asked for volunteers and drafted

men totaling 15 million2.The U.S. created the War Production board

which controlled all factory products3.American women took over the jobs left by

men, served in the military, grew victory gardens, rationed consumer goods and did everything necessary to win.

4.Even U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry were locked up.

I can understand how the Allies won World War II and

the results

Answers Ch. 24 Sec. 41. More tanks, more men, more supplies,

etc. and NO HITLER telling the U.S. Generals what to do.

2. The development and dropping of the A-bomb on Japan convinced them to surrender.

3. 6 million Jews and countless millions of other were murdered by the Nazis.

4. What happened to war criminals

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