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Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Nearly all have a cell wall
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Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Nearly all have a cell wall
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Nearly all have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan rather than cellulose or chitin.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining uses a purple dye and then a red dye
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining uses a purple dye and then a red dye.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell membranecell wall
Gram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell membranecell wall
Gram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell wallGram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell wallGram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell wall
Gram-positive.
Gram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
cell membrane
cell wall
outer membraneGram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining
outer membrane
cell wall
cell membrane
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining
outer membrane
cell wall
cell membrane
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining
outer membrane
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Gram-negative.
Gram stainingouter membrane
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Gram staining
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Lipopolysaccharides.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Bacteria stick to their substrates or
to one another with fimbriae and pili.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Taxis
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Taxis is movement toward or away from a stimulus
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Taxis is movement toward or away from a stimulus.
Bacteria move with flagella.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:Bacteria have
infoldings of the cell membrane, like mitochondrial christae or the thylakoid membranes.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
The bacterial chromosome is a single loop concentrated in the nucleoid region.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesStructural features:
Bacteria can survive harsh conditions for long periods by producing endospores.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMetabolic adaptations:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMetabolic adaptations:•Photoautotrophs•Chemoautotrophs•Photoheterotrophs•Chemoheterotrophs
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMetabolic adaptations:•Photo auto trophs•Chemo auto trophs•Photo hetero trophs•Chemo hetero trophs.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMetabolic adaptations:•Obligate aerobes•Facultative anaerobes•Obligate anaerobes
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMetabolic adaptations:•Obligate aerobes•Facultative anaerobes•Obligate anaerobes•Nitrogen fixation
2N2 + 6H2O → 4NH3 + 3O2.
Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Universal ancestor
Bacteria Archaea EukaryaPhylogeny:
Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Universal ancestor
Bacteria Archaea EukaryaBased on phenotypic criteria:
Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Universal ancestor
Bacteria Archaea EukaryaBased on molecular data:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMany Archaea are extremophiles:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMany Archaea are extremophiles:•Thermophiles•Halophiles•Methanogens
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesMany Archaea are extremophiles:•Thermophiles•Halophiles•Methanogens
CO2 + 2H2 → CH4 + O2.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesEcological roles:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesEcological roles:•Decomposers•Symbiotic relationships
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesEcological roles:•Decomposers•Symbiotic relationships•mutualism•commensalism•parasitism.
Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesPathogens:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesPathogens:•Exotoxins
•Endotoxins
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesPathogens:•Exotoxins• Cholera bacteria secrete chloride
ions into the gut. •Endotoxins • Lipopolysacccharides in the outer
membrane become toxic when Gram negative bacteria die and breaks down.
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesBeneficial uses:
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesBeneficial uses:• Fermentation
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesBeneficial uses:• Fermentation• Bioremediation
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesBeneficial uses:• Fermentation• Bioremediation• Leaching of metal ores
Chapter 27 - ProkaryotesBeneficial uses:• Fermentation• Bioremediation• Leaching of metal ores• Genetic engineering to produce useful organic products.
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