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Chapter 4Atmospheric and Oceanic
Circulation Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. ChristophersonCharles E. Thomsen
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
Wind Essentials
Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion
Oceanic Currents
Wind EssentialsAir Pressure and Its Measurement
Wind: Description and Measurement
Global Winds
Barometers
Figure 4.2
Air Pressure Readings
Figure 4.3
Wind Vane and Anemometer
Figure 4.4
Wind Portrait of the Pacific Ocean
Figure 4.6
Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere
Pressure Gradient Force
Coriolis Force
Friction Force
Pressure Gradient
Figure 4.7
Pressure + Coriolis + Friction =Wind
Figure 4.8
Coriolis Force
Figure 4.9
500-mb Pressure Map
Figure 4.10
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Upper Atmospheric Circulation
Multi-year Oscillations in Global Circulation
Local Winds Monsoonal winds
Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 4.11a
Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 4.11b
Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough
Polar High-Pressure Cells
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Subpolar Low-Pressure Cells
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Westerlies
Bermuda High
Azores High
Pacific High
Figure 4.14
General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 4.13a
General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 4.13b
Rossby Waves
Figure 4.16
Jet Streams
Figure 4.17
Local WindsLand-Sea Breezes
Mountain-Valley Breezes
Katabatic Winds
Land-Sea Breezes
Figure 4.18
Mountain-Valley Breezes
Figure 4.19
The Asian Monsoon
Figure 4.20
Oceanic CurrentsSurface Currents
Upwelling and Downwelling Flows
Thermohaline Circulation―The Deep Currents
Major Ocean Currents
Figure 4.21
Pacific Ocean Currents
Figure 4.3.1
ThermohalineCirculation
Figure 4.22
End of Chapter 4
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie Thomsen
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