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Earth’s StructureChapter 4
Earth’s Interior
0Made up of 3 major compositional zones and 5 structural zones.
Layers of the Earth
Compositional Zones
0Crust: outermost layer0Makes up 1% of Earth’s mass0Oceanic (5-10km) & continental
(15-80km)0Moho: lowest layer of crust
Compositional Zone
0Mantle: denser than crust02,900 km thick (2/3 of Earth’s
mass)0Core: center of the Earth0Made of iron and nickel
Structural Zones
03 compositional zones are divided into 5 structural zones.
0Lithosphere: Part of the mantle & crust above it.0Cool & brittle
0Asthenosphere: Solid rock is able to flow. 0Very hot and has high pressure
0Mesosphere: Layer of solid mantle rock0Outer core (liquid)0Inner core (solid)
Earth as a Magnet
0Has 2 magnetic poles0Motions in the core
produce electric currents that create magnetic field.0Shaped by solar
winds
Earth’s Rotation
0The spinning of Earth around its axis is called rotation.
01 full rotation = 24 hours0 Evidence
0Foucault Pendulum – Large pendulum that shifts 11 every ̊�hour in a clockwise direction.
0Coriolis Effect – Winds are deflected to the right in N. Hemisphere and to the left in the S. Hemisphere.
Effects of Rotation
0Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west.0Standard Time Zones
0 Based upon the rate in which the sun appears to move across the sky.
0 Starting point for the standard time zone is the prime meridian.
0 Passes through Greenwich, England (longitude 0 ) ̊�0 International Date Line
0 Longitude where the date changes.0 180th meridian
Standard Time Zones
Every 15 degrees of longitude equals one hour of time
International Date Line
Moving from left to right…subtract one day
Moving from right to left…add one day
Earth’s Revolution
0The Earth’s orbit around the sun.0It takes about 365 days to complete one
full revolution.
Ellipse
0The shape the earth’s orbit takes around the Sun is called an ellipse; an elongated closed curve
0The sun is not in the center of the ellipse0Thus, the distance between the sun and earth
changes.
Ellipse
The Northern Hemisphere’s summer The Northern Hemisphere’s winter
Equinox
0When the sun is directly above the Earth’s equator.0Daylight = night time in both hemispheres.0Spring equinox and Autumnal equinox
Solstice
0The sun’s direct rays reach their greatest distance north or south of the equator.023.5 N and 23.5 S. ̊� ̊�0Winter and Summer solstice
Credits
0 Spaulding, Namowitz (2003). Earth Science. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell Inc.
0 Photos0 http://www.theozonehole.com/coriolis.htm0 http://
oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05galapagos/logs/dec22/media/magfield_600.html
0 http://oceansjsu.com/105d/exped_commotion/5.html0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pendule_de_Foucault.jpg0 http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth-lighting-equinox_EN.png
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