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Chapter 8
Online reference tools
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Dictionaries and thesaurusesDictionaries
1. Pocket-sized bilingual dictionaries in book form
2. Hand-held electronic dictionaries with audio recordings ---Often inaccurate?
3. Mouse-over dictionary
*We need to use both traditional and electronic dictionaries.
The Free Dictionary….good for words and idioms (ex) separate the men from the boys
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Thesauruses
1. What is a thesaurus? Definition: a book that is like a dictionary, but in which the words
are arranged in groups that have similar meanings (OALD, 2005)
2. Its functions
(1) Help students with their use of a variety of words/expressions
(2) Help students to analyze their writing products critically
3. Exercise on pages 104 and 105: Let us do it!
Thesaurus.com “fear” “disappointment”
4. Use Thesaurus.com for your writing!3
Concordancers and corpuses for language analysis
1. What is a concordancer2. --A small program necessary to use a language database called “corpus”.
Usually it works behind a corpus and is invisible.3. What is a corpus?4. (1) A language database5. (2) A collection of written or spoken text
(ex) British National Corpus, limit of 50 results
(ex) The Collins Wordbanks Online English corpus sampler , up to 999 sentences (This may not be working well, as of June 24, 2010)
(ex) Web Concordancer (English), a new site not mentioned in the textbook Select corpus: Choose “Brown Corpus”
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7. Other uses of corpuses
(ex) I enjoy to play baseball. Use “National British Corpus”
“enjoy to play”
“enjoyed playing”
8. You can do the same thing in “Google”
uncertain expressions
difficult words
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6. Collection of free or online or downloadable corpuses David Lee's City University of Hong Kong collection (p. 107) (2009.6.11, not found) Corpus Concordance English (=LexTutor online concordancer, page 107)
Includes: *1,007,000 words of the written British National Corpus *965,000 words of the spoken British National Corpus *1,000,000 words of the Brown Corpus of Standard American English *a variety of other, smaller corpuses
Use in class 1. Can be used with low levels as well as higher levels
2. Specific ways to use corpuses
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(1)cloze exercises “remember” from Brown Corpus
(original sentences)All your wishful thinking won't change that. Remember what you used to say in the Army? You can't run a war with ninety-nine generals and one private"! Cady walked the block to the mailbox, almost ashamed of himself for arguing with Anne.
(Cloze test)All your wishful thinking won't change ( ). Remember what you used to say ( ) the Army? You can't run a ( ) with the generals and one private"! ( ) walked the block to the mailbox, ( ) ashamed of himself for arguing with ( ).
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(2) Can be used as exam materials
(3) Investigation of language use (ex) What the difference between “glisten” and “glitter”?
(ex) See two examples on pages 108 and 109
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(ANOTHER EXAMPLE)*Faulkner is recording actuality in the South and XXXXX is following a long-established literary * of F. Scott Fitzgerald, living or dead, and XXXXX I do not suppose that, even if you had*any tangent to Q has a unique image and XXXXX this image is the same for all planes *simulated textures as well as of typography; and XXXXX, he had already begun to broaden and *peace" ("Solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant".). XXXXX, the law of the land is not irrevocable; *agent over that city. Biological agents are, XXXXX, suitable for delivery through enemy *with not much else, against a blank background. XXXXX, all three representations must be *certainly alter it, and definitely for the better. XXXXX, the salubrious effects would not be excl*cities will support only so many big branches. XXXXX, the cost of operations is always high in*styles in private brand merchandise as in branded. XXXXX, the larger and more aggressive mass
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Translators for language analysis
1. Translation software is still in its infancy.
2. Caveat: We should know that it includes mistakes.
Translation software: TheBabel Fish ( Alta Vista)
Translate: “Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.” =Groucho Marx ’s (comedian, 1890-1977) one liner
Result: 「光陰矢の如し。 バナナのようなミバエ。」
See the translation on page 111.
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Encyclopedias for research and project work
1. Changes in encyclopedias
In book form (volumes) ……CD-ROMs…….Online
2. Online encyclopedias (reliable sites) Encyclopedia Britanica
Encarta (Microsoft)
encyclopedia.com (not usable? 2009.7.4)
Columbia encyclopedia (not found, 2009.6.19)
(user-produced site—reliability?)
Wikipedia
3. Helpful for project work, biographies, and other fact-based lessons
4. See an example activity on page 112
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