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Chartwell International, Inc.
“Adhesion Promotion for Waterborne and Solventborne Inks, Coatings, Adhesives &
Powder Coatings”
Presented by:
Adrian Thomas
Chemicalia Pty Ltd
2
Definition:
Wa = F ∆ x
The energy or work required when an external stress is applied to two, separate joined materials.
Adhesion
3
Wc1: cohesive strength of adherend (substrate) 1
Wc2: cohesive strength of adherend (substrate) 2
Wa1: adhesive strength (energy required to separate the adhesive from adherend (substrate) 1)
Wa2: adhesive strength (energy required to separate the adhesive from adherend (substrate) 2)
Wa1 > Wc1
and
Wa2 > Wc2
The Importance of Adhesion
4
Adhesive and Cohesive Failure
5
Physical Adsorption Theory
Chemical Bonding Theory
Diffusion Theory
Electrostatic Theory
Mechanical Interlocking Theory
Weak Boundary Layer Theory
Theories of Adhesion
6
E + - = z1z2e2
4πε0εrrwhere:
E + - = Potential Energy of two ions of charge z1e and z2e separated by distance r
ε r = Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of the medium
ε r air = 1.00054
ε r water = 80.1 at 20°C
Chemical Bonding Theory
7
Studied the specific phenomena of corrosion on coated metals.
Concluded that wet adhesion is the most important factor for corrosion
protection of metal surfaces.
Although the coating film serves as a barrier, retarding access of water and oxygen to the metal surface, all
films have capillaries and pores through which water, oxygen, and
salts will pass, driven by a concentration gradient.
WJ Funke (Stuttgart University)
8
Flexural Strength (Mpa) Retention with Selected Silane Coupling Agents
(Adhesion Promoters) on Glass FibreReinforced Polyester
Treatment Dry Wet % Retention
None 386 240 62.2
Ethyltrichlorosilane 238 179 75.2
Allyltriethoxysilane 399 402 100.7
Methyacryalto chrome 502 427 85.1
9
Effect of Silane Coupling Agents (Adhesion Promoters) on the Adhesion of
Glass Fibres to an Epoxide Resin
Silane Change (%) in interfacial shear strength
Silane 1% solution
5% solution
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAMS)
62 -14
3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APMS) 17 -20
10
1. Primer
2. Incorporated into binding polymer
Use of Coupling Agents or Adhesion Promoters
11
Reaction of APMS with the Surface of Glass
1. Hydrolysis of –Si(OCH3)3 (Trimethoxy) to –Si(OH)3 (Trisilanol) – fast. 2. Condensation polymerization of Trisilanol and surface –OH groups to produce polysiloxane network covalently bonded to surface - slow.
12
Aqueous Stability of Chartwell B-515.4W
v. Dow Corning Z-6020
Upper left: Fresh 2% aqueoussolution of B-515.4W
Upper right: Fresh 2% aqueoussolution of DC Z-6020
Lower left: 2% aqueous solution of B-515.4W aged 8 months
Lower right: 2% aqueous solution of DC Z-6020 aged 8 months
CONCLUSION: Chartwell B-515.4W is indefinitely stable.
Silane monomer has polymerized, resulting in opacity of the water solution. Performance depends on concentration of silane monomer.
13
Chemical DescriptionUnique compositions based upon proprietary organofunctional metal organics supplied as solutions in water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or dipropyleneglycol. Compatible and stable in water-borne and solvent-borne systems.
ApplicationsCOATINGS
Commercially used in all industrial solvent-borne, water-borne andpowder coatings
Improves wet adhesion to metals, concrete, plastics, wood, etc.
Use on metals increases corrosion resistance and salt fog resistance; generally by two fold
Reduces creep at the scribe
Easy post add to water-borne coatings
Competition: Silanes (and other adhesion promoters)
INKSCommercially used to markedly improve adhesion of WB inks (acrylic &
PUD)to plastic films
Competition: Silanes
ADHESIVESCommercially used in all water-borne and 2K epoxy or 2K urethane
adhesives
Substantial increase in adhesion to metals, plastics and elastomers
Major competition: OSi A-1100, Dow Corning Z-6020, Z-6040
Chartwell Adhesion Promoters:
An Overview
14
RUBBERExcellent adhesion of formed rubber articles to metal, rubber andsynthetics, i.e. PVC, etc.
Improved abrasion resistance
Improved tensile and tear strengths
Commercially used in SBR, EPDM, nitrile rubbers
Major competition: Degussa Si-69*, A-189
OTHERMetal Pretreats: Treating metals with dilute aqueous solutions providemarked increase in adhesion of varied coatings
Abrasives: Improves wear resistance and durability
Plastics: Improved physical strength properties of both thermosets andthermoplastics
Competition: Silanes, chromates (metal pretreats)
Chartwell Advantages:Cost is less than 50% of a competitive silane and is used as a 1:1 replacement
Products are hydrolytically stable. Improvements in adhesionmeasured at time of coating, ink or adhesive preparation DO NOTdecrease after 60 days or more of aging
Customer-oriented and dedicated supplier. All sample requests and orders shipped promptly.
Chartwell Adhesion Promoters: An Overview
15
Chartwell Adhesion Promoters
Recommended for Improved Adhesion to:
CRS, Galvanized Steel, Phosphated Steel, Aluminum, Copper, Brass
SBR, Nitrile, Natural Rubbers
ABS, PVC, Polyester Film
Concrete, wood, ceramics
Treated PP, PE (>35 dynes/ cm)
Not Recommended for Adhesion to:
Untreated PP/ PE
Fiberglass (or glass substrates)
Recommended for Improved Dispersion of:
Carbon black, phthalo blue/ green
Magnetic ferrites
Zinc anti-corrosive pigments
All mineral fillers (including calcium carbonate)
Alumina and other abrasives
16
Silanes in Water
(i) (RO)3 SiR’X + 3H20 (HO)3 SiR’X + 3 ROH
OR OR
(ii) (H0)3 SiR’X XR’ Si -O-Si R’X + H20
OR OR
X= amine, epoxy, mercapto, methacryloxy, etc.
(i) Rapid hydrolysis of silane in the presence of any moisture to form silanol with release of alcohol
(ii) Condensation of silanol groups to siloxane linkages
Performance α[silane monomer]
17
Product Definition
All products are defined by three variables:
1. Single metal type or combination of two different metals [M]
2. Organofunctional group {X}
3. Solvent carrier (see below)
[M] = proprietary metal(s); simplified representation
{HO} - [M] - (CH2)n - {X}*
{substrate reactive} Organoreactive group
Ethylene Glycol Products (B-)
B-505.1, B-505.6, B-515.1, B-515.1/ 2H, B-515.4, B-515.4HR, B-515.71 (HR, 1.5H), B-516.5, B-517.4, B-525.1, B-545.1
Dipropylene Glycol Products (D-) Propylene Glycol Products (C-)
D-525.3, D-531.1, D-535.1 C-505.1/ 2H, C-515.71HR, C-515.71/ 1.5H, C-523.2, C-523.2H, C-531.1
Ethylene Glycol/ Butyl Ether Water Products (B-XXX.W)
of Ethylene Glycol (B-)
B-535.1, B-600B-515.1W, B-515.4W, B-515.5W, B-
515.71W, B-516.5W, B-523.2W, B-523.6W, B-523.6WH
18
OrganoreactiveGroups
-(CH2)XSH, x < 6 B-505.1, B-505.6, C-505.2, E-505.2
-CH(NH2) – (CH2)xSH, x= 1-2 B-511.1
-(CH2)XNH2, x < 4 B-515.1, B-515.4, B-515.4W, B-515.5W,E-515.2, B-515.71, B-515.71W
-CH(NH2) – (CH2)x – NH2, x-4-6 B-516.5, B-516.5W
-(CH2)X B-517.4, B-517.4W
-CH(OH) – CH(OH) – COOH C-523.2, B-523.2W, B-523.6W
-(CH2)XCOOH, x = 4-6 B-525.1, B-525.3, D-525.3
-(CH2)XCOOH, x >10 B-531.1, C-531.1, D-531.1
-(CH2)X, x > 13 B-535.1, C-535.1, D-535.1
-C(CH3) – CH2 B-545.1
-(CH2)X – S – S – (CH2)Y COOH B-600
NH
19
1. “W” Products Supplied as water solutions – ZERO VOC
2. Solvent Carriers (B, C, D Types)All non-water Chartwell products are supplied as adhesionpromoter solutions in:
B = Ethylene Glycol D = Dipropylene Glycol
C = Propylene Glycol
3. “H”, “1.5H”, and “2H” ProductsHigher active matter versions of the non- “H” analogs; more cost effective.
H = 1.38x non-H solids
1.5H = 1.5x non-H solids
2H = 2x non-H solids
4. HR ProductsProducts in which the organoreactive portion of the moleculehas been increased 2x (higher reactivity at the polymer reactive end)
5. Chartsil Solid Adhesion PromotersFor use in powder coating and rubber only
Understanding ChartwellAdhesion Promoter Choices
20
Chartwell B-515.71 Family ofAminofunctional Products
Variables:
1. Solvent Carrier B = Ethylene GlycolC = Propylene GlycolW = Water
2. Active Matter content
non-H: Standard solids1.5H: Has 1.5x solids of non-H. Use level is 0.7x non-H use level
3. Organofunctionality content
non-HR: Equivalent weight of 1500 based upon amine contentHR: 2x amine. Equivalent weight of 750
4. Heat Activated Amine “M”
5. Product options:
• B-515.71 Ethylene Glycol, standard solids, standard amine
• B-515.71/ 1.5H Ethylene Glycol, 1.5x solids, standard amine
• C-515.71/ 1.5H Propylene Glycol, 1.5x solids, standard amine
• B-515.71W Water, conventional solids
• B-515.71HR Ethylene Glycol, standard solids, 2x amine
• C-515.71HR Propylene Glycol, standard solids, 2x amine
• B-515.71M Amine weakly complexed with Zinc (for 1K epoxy)
21
Silane Cross Reference Guide
Revised 8/01
ORGANOGROUP Osi (UCC) DOW
CORNING HULS CHARTWELL PRODUCT
Amino A-1100 - - - AMEO C-515.71/ 1.5H, C-515.71HRAlso, B-515.71/ 1.5H, B-515.4HR
Diamino A-1120 Z-6020 DAMO C-515.71/ 1.5H, C-515.71HRAlso, B-515.71/ 1.5H, B-515.4HR
Carboxy - - - - - - - - - D-525.3, C-531.1*, D-531.1
Carboxy/ Hydroxy - - - - - - - - - C-523.2H*
Epoxy A-187A-186
Z-6040Z-6052
GLYMOCE 6250
C-515.71/ 1.5H, C-515.71HRAlso, B-515.4HR, E-515.2H
Mercapto A-189 Z-6062 MTMO B-505.1*, B-505.6, C-505.1/ 2H
Methacrylato A-174 Z-6030 MEMO B-545.1, C-515.71HR
Vinyl A-172 - - - - - - C-515.71HR
Sulfido - - - - - - - - - B-600*, B-600.6(Degussa Si69)
* Available in both liquid and solid (Chartsil) forms
Many products also available as water solutions - See Chartwell Adhesion Promoters: General Properties
22
Recommendations by PolymerALKYDSolvent-borne: C-515.4HR, C-523.2H,C-515.71HR; D-525.3, D-531.1Uses: Coatings for various metals.Water-Borne: B-523.6WH, B-515.71/1.5H;B-515.4, B-515.5W, B-516.5, B-516.5W
ACRYLICSolvent-borne: C-523.2H, D-531.1Water-Borne: B-515.71/1.5H, B-515.71HR, B-523.6WH; B-515.5W, B-515.71W, B-516.5W, B-515.4HRUses: Coatings for various metals.INKS: B-515.71W for applications to metallized film. ADHESIVES: tape manuf. etc.
EPDMSulfur-Cured: B-505.1; B-505.6Uses: Roof membranes, general automotiveMetal Oxide Cured: B-515.1/ 2H,
C-515.71/ 1.5H; B-516.5
EPOXY2K: C-515.71HR*, C-515.71/ 1.5H*,
B-515.1/ 2H; B-517.4 *Preferred recommendationWater-Borne: B-515.5W, B-515.71/ 1.5H,
B-515.71HR; B-516.5WUses: Metal primers, adhesives, electronicencapsulants, flooring
METHACRYLATEB-515.4HR, B-545.1; B-515.1/ 2H,B-516.5
NATURAL RUBBERB-505.1, C-505.1/ 2H; B-505.6Uses: Shoe Soles
NEOPRENERubber: B-515.1/ 2H, C-515.71/ 1.5HB-516.5, C-515.71HRUses: Adhesives, molded rubber articlesSolvent-Borne: C-515.71/ 1.5H, B-516.5 B-515.1/ 2H, Water-Borne: B-600.6, B-515.71/ 1.5H
NITRILE RUBBERB-505.1, B-505.6, C-505.1/ 2H;B-600, B-600.6Uses: Industrial process rolls, shoe soles
PHENOLICB-515.1/ 2H, C-515.71HR, C-515.71/ 1.5HUses: Industrial abrasive wheels
POLYESTER/ MELAMINED-525.3, D-525.31, D-531.1Uses: Coil coatings, general metal finishing
Highly recommended / Also recommended
23
Recommendations by Polymer (2)
POLYESTERUnsaturated: B-545.1, C-515.71HR;D-531.1, D-535.1Pigment dispersions: B-535.1, D-535.1SMC/ BMC: D-531.1, B-545.1 for improved physical properties
POLYOLEFINSB-535.1, D-535.1 For pigment dispersions & mineral filler treatment
POLYURETHANE2K: D-525.3, C-515.71HR, C-515.71/1.5H;B-515.4HR, B-516.5Add to polyol side (B) at 1-2 phr based upon total Side A + Side BWB: B-515.71W, C-515.71/ 1.5H, C-515.71HR, B-516.5W; B-515.4W, B-515.5W, B-516.5Uses: Metal primers
POLYVINYL ACETATEB-515.1W, B-523.2W, B-515.71W; B-523.2WXUses: Adhesives, sealants, WB coatings
POLYVINYLIDENE ChlorideB-515.1W, B-523.2W; B-523.2WXAnti-corrosive primers
SBRRubber: B-505.1, C-505.1/ 2H;B-505.6, B-600Uses: Shoe soles, rubber adhesivesLatex: C-515.71HR, B-505.6, B-600.6
STYRENATED ACRYLICB-515.71/ 1.5H, B-515.4HR, B-523.6WH;B-515.5W, B-516.5; B-516.5WUses: Primers, DTM coatings. B-515.71W useful for adhesion to EPDM roof membrane
24
General PropertiesChartwell pH, 2% Wt % Active Sp. g Metals1 Organic group
B-505.1 4.15 25.6 1.23 2 mercapto
B-505.6 6.40* 31.5* 1.36* 2 mercapto
B-515.1 4.5 25.6 1.23 2 pri amine
B-515.1W 4.8 21.5 1.09 2 pri amine
B-515.4 7.2 39.6 1.23 1 pri amine
B-515.4HR 6.9 42 1.25 1 pri amine
B-515.4W 7.7 33.4 1.2 1 pri amine
B-515.5W 7.6 30.3 1.19 1 pri amine
B-516.5 6.8 41.6 1.26 1 2 pri amines
B-516.5W 7.3 36.6 1.2 1 2 pri amines
B-515.71 7.5 39 1.26 1 pri amine
B-515.71W 7.3 33 1.19 1 pri amine
B-517.4 6.6 39.6 1.25 1 cyclic amine
B-523.2W 5.3 31.2 1.19 1 hydroxy/ carboxy
B-523.6W 7.2 29.7 1.2 2 hydroxy/ carboxy
C-523.2 3.40* 22 1.15 2 hydroxy/ carboxy
B-525.1 4.3 27.4 1.23 2 carboxy
D-525.3 4.25 25.5 1.14 2 carboxy
C-531.1 4.3 25.1* 1.08 2 C-10 carboxy
D-531.1 4.00* 25.1* 1.24* 2 C-10 carboxy
B-535.1 4.05 24.2 1.06 2 C-14 hydrocarbon
D-535.1 4.00* 24.2* 1.10* 2 C-14 hydrocarbon
B-545.1 4.35 25.6 1.23 2 methacrylato
B-600 4.4 22.5 1.09 2 sulfido
1 Denotes number of different metals
* Specifications are tentative
25
Chartwell pH, 2% Wt % Active Sp. g Metals1 Organic group
B-505.1/ 2H 4.4 50.26 1.35 2 mercapto
B-515.1/ 2H 4.55 50.5 1.35 2 pri amine
B-515.1WH 4.6 31.5 1.22 2 pri amine
E-515.2H 4.85 33 1.27 2 pri amine
B-515.4WH 6.9 44 1.27 1 pri amine (1.5x)
C-515.71HR 7.80** 43.5 1.23 1 pri amine
C-515.71/ 1.5H 7.7 51.3 1.31 1 pri amine
B-515.5WH 6.9 41.1 1.26 1 pri amine
B-516.5WH 6.85 42.4 1.24 1 2 pri amines
B-523.6WH 7.35 40.5 1.3 2 hydroxy/ carboxy
C-523.2H 3.4 30.3 1.22 2 hydroxy/ carboxy
B-525.1H 4.3 36.9 1.29 2 carboxy
C-531.1H 3.9 38 1.17 2 C-10 carboxy
B-535.1H 4.16 32.9 1.11 2 C-14 hydrocarbon
C-535.1H 4.22 33.9 1.15 2 C-14 hydrocarbon
General Properties for Higher Solid “H” Products
All Chartsil products also available as “H” grades1 Denotes number of different metals
* Specifications are tentative
** Denotes pH 1%
26
Chartsil:Solid Performance
Chartsil functionality Application
B-505.1 (2H)** mercapto All sufur cured rubber (SBR, etc)*Epoxy, Urethane powder coating*
B-515.1 (2H)** amino Epoxy powder coating*C-515.71HR EPDM, Nylon, urethane
C-523.2 (H)** carboxy/ hydroxy TGIC Polyester powder coating*
B-525.1 carboxy Polyester powder coating
C-531.1 C-10 carboxy Acrylic, TGIC and Primid polyesterpowder
B-600 sulfido All sulfur cured rubberImproved abrasion resistance
Organoreactive groups
-(CH2)xSH2, X<6 B-505.1/ 2H
-(CH2)xNH2, x<4 B-515.1/ 2H, C-515.71HR
-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH C-523.2 (H)
-(CH2)xCOOH, X=4-6 B-525.1
-(CH2)xCOOH, X>10 C-531.1
CHARTWELL (liquid)/ 72% + HiSil ABS Precip Silica/ 28% = CHARTSIL (Solid)
*Improved corrosion resistance, reduced creep at the scribe
** Recommend increased active matter grades designated “H” or “2H”
27
Chartsil:Physical Structure
28
Water-Borne Solid Stain Applied to Exterior Deck
After 6 months exposure (1)
WB Acrylic stain
with 1.0 phr Chartwell B-515.71 (post added)
180 Days Exposure
WB Acrylic stain
180 days exposure
(1) Applied April 2001; Boston, Mass. area. Any peeling/ loose stain scraped and removed. Deck washed thoroughly and allowed to air dry 48 hours. Stain pad applied. Temperature varied from 28 F to 98 F during period of 180 day exposure.
29
Solid Color Acrylic Deck StainUse Level Calculation
Recommended range: 6.8 g – 13.6 g
Pigment content: TiO2, Iron oxide, unspecified organics, silica
Resin type: Acrylic copolymer
Wt./ litre 1.185 kg
Wt. % polymer solids 15.1%
Wt. polymer solids 0.676 kg
Wt. B-515.71 13.56 g
@ 2.0 phr
30
Benjamin Moore DTM Acrylic M29-08 on CRS
31
Waterborne DTM Acrylic on CRS
32
Adhesion of Polyester Baking Enamel on CRS
Reverse Impact TestConclusions:
1.Without adhesion promoter (control) >50% of coating removed in tape test.
2. Addition of ChartwellD-525.31 to the grind stage sharply reduces coating removal as follows:
Control 50%
2 phr <1%
3 phr 0%
3. Excellent humidity resistance and salt fog resistance
33
Anti-Corrosive Coating based onAlberdingk Boley AS 2688
Raw Materials Lbs/ 100 gal 100 Gal DescriptionGRIND:Alberdingk AS 2688 141.4 16.32 acrylic polymerWater 33.77 4.05 waterBYK 019 1.03 0.13 defoamerVXW-6208 30.11 3.43 polymeric sufactantBayferrox 120 ROX 60.81 1.46 red iron oxideVantalc 6H 47.53 2.07 TalcHuberbrite 1 40.61 1.12 barium sulfateHalox SZP 391 101.97 4.45 zinc phosphateBentone LT 2.03 0.1 bentonite clayWater 17.35 2.08 water
Grind with tooth disk to Hegman 3-4LETDOWN:Alberdingk AS 2688 451.61 52.13 acrylic polymer
Premix the following then add:Flash X 150 15.96 1.74 flash rust inhibitorButyl carbitol 62.66 7.78 solventWater 15.20 1.83 water
Add in the following order:BYK 024 2.53 0.29 defoamerChartwell B-515.71W 7.71 0.78 adhesion promoterDSX-1514 2.03 0.23 rheology modifier
TOTAL 1034.32 100
Paint Properties:
pH (1:10) =
Stormer Viscosity:
% solids (wt) = 46.43
% solids (vol) = 42.40
% PVC = 11.86
Pigment: Binder Ratio: 0.43/ 1
VOC (gr/ l) = 99.2
VOC (lb/ gal) = 0.83
Application technique: spray application
34
Adhesion of WB Urethane bonding Steel Substrates
Blank
Chartwell B-515.4W, 0.5%
Chartwell B-515.4W, 1.0%
2.0
1.0
0.0
Peel strength, kg
0.1
1.51.6 - 1.7
35
Chartwell Adhesion Promoters are Adhesion Promoters not Crosslinkers
36
WB Flexigraphic Inkon Metallized Film
WB Acrylic Ink w/ 2.5% Chartwell B-516.5W
WB Acrylic Ink w/o Chartwell B-516.5W
37
Metal Pretreat
Pull-Off Values for Epoxy Coating on Pretreated Metal(St2 panel preparation)
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0.10% 0.25% 1% 5%
wt % Adhesion Promoter in Aqueous Solution
Pull-
off v
alue
s, p
si
B-515.4HR
B-515.71
Z-6020
Control (no pretreat)
180 psi
38
Vinyl Butyral WashPrimer Adhesion
Adhesion % Coating RemovalPromoter Galvanized Al
E-515.2H 0 0
Other, 1% 25-50 <5
Other, 2% 10 >65
After 6 hrs soak at 160˚F in 10% NaCl
ASTM 3359 - 87 Tape Test
39
Bonding to Vinyl Flooring & Carpeting
40
Waterborne Acrylic Window Glazing Sealant
41
Success stories in Australia (so far)
Coil Coating:Chartwell B-525.3Chartwell D-525.3Chartwell C-515.71 HR
Adhesion on PVC:Chartwell C-515.71 HR(Styrene acrylate based texture
coating)
Hot Tyre Adhesion on concrete:Chartwell B-515.4W(Pure acrylate based coating)
42
Procedure and Use Level Recommendations
General CommentsGenerally 1.0 phr to 2.0 phr (0.5 - 1.4 phr for “H” products)* is recommended. The
presence of high surface area pigment (.ie. carbon black, fine organics, fumed silica) requires the use of 1.0 - 2.0% based upon combined resin solids plus pigment weight to achieve comparable results.
*For “2H” products, multiply use levels by 0.5
Coatings, Adhesives, Inks
SOLVENT BORNE PRODUCTS: Addition to the grind stage with high shear mixing is strongly recommended.
WATER BORNE: Water-borne formulations will generally require 1.0 - 2.0 wt per cent based upon binder solids and organic pigment weight, anti-corrosive pigment weight, and carbon black (0.7 - 2.1 wt. per cent for “H” products). Post add or add to grind.
Rubber Compounds and Powder Coatings
It is recommended that the Chartwell product be added directly upon the silica (or other min-eral), and thereafter, the mix compounded in a Banbury/ Henschel as would be conventionally done. Evaluation at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 phr (0.7, 1.4, 2.1 phr for “H” products) is recommended for Chartwell (liquid) products. Evaluation at 1.5 and 3.0 phr (1.0 - 2.1 phr for “H” products) is recommended for Chartsil (solid) products. Torque and shear should be maximized.
Thermoplastics, Mineral Surface Treatment, & Other Applications
Consult the manufacturer for technical assistance.
43
Understanding Use Level /Performance Relationship
44
Critical ProceduresFor successful use of Chartwell Adhesion
Promoters in Solvent-Borne Systems
PROCEDURE:
1. Add the Chartwell additive directly to the grind stage resin before adding any solvent, pigment or other additives.
2. High shear mix for 15 minutes. This specifically means the use of a Cowles high speed disperser or similar. THE USE OF A MEDIA MILL ALONE IS NOT ACCEPTABLE.
3. Then proceed to add other grind stage components as normally done.
BACKGROUND THEORY:
All additives will perform optimally when they are solubilized in the coating system. Solubilized means that the additive exists as individual discrete molecules within the coating system. This is the objective which we strive to achieve with Chartwell additives.
In practice, however, Chartwell products will most generally NOT fully dissolve in solvent-borne coating systems since they are highly polar molecules being introduced to considerably less polar environments (the coating). Most simply, oil and water do not mix. So, we try to devise a procedure which will result in the smallest possible molecular cluster within the coating media. The use of a high speed disperser achieves this objective.
45
When to add Chartwell Productsin Solvent-Borne Systems
for Optimum IncorporationOBJECTIVE: To maximize shear rate (energy input) usedto homogenously and finely disperse Chartwell Adhesion Promoters.
Preferred point of addition is to the resin alone prior to addition of any further solvent. This is the point of maximum viscosity and maximum shear rate.
SO LVEN T
RESIN SO LVEN T M IX
R E S IN
V isco sity, η η m ax
Shea
r Rat
e
46
The Finish Line
Improved adhesion of Water-Borne, Solvent-Borne,2K Epoxy/ PU, and Powder Coatings
Effective on:Metals: CRS, aluminum, galvanized-
phosphatized stainless steelPlastics: Polyester film, treated PP/PE, ABS,
PVC etc.Elastomers: SBR, NBR, EPDMOthers: Wood/ concrete
Benefits- Substantial increase in salt fog resistance- Improved durability on metals and wood- Most cost effective- Insurance for poor or marginal substrates
Ease of Use1-2 phr in Water-borne: POST ADD1-2 phr in Solvent-borne: HIGH SHEAR mix with
Cowles ONLY
Recommended by Major Resin Suppliers
CONCLUSIONS
47
Many thanks for your attention!
Any questions
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