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Chemistry is Hard
Why?
Bloom’s TaxonomyPsychologist who studied how people
thinkBroke thinking into levels of complexityEach level required using the
information belowThe lowest level is knowledge-
memorizing textbook definitions Easiest but least useful
Bloom’s TaxonomyUnderstanding- being able to put the
knowledge into you own wordsApplication- being able to use the
information in new situationsAnalysis- breaking the information into
meaningful piecesSynthesis- being able to put information
together to generate new learning
Bloom’s TaxonomyEvaluation- using all the information,
making and defending value judgments about the information.
Knowledge
Understanding
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
What does this have to do with chemistry?
In the past, many of your classes relied on memorization.
Knowledge levelChemistry focuses on the higher levels. I don’t ask you to memorize a lot of terms I ask you to learn processes and
techniques and then apply them to novel situations
EvaluationSynthesisAnalysisApplication
Understanding Knowledge
25%
50%
25%
Word Clues How hard do I have to think?Knowledge
– Who, what, where, when, tell, label, define, select, choose, identify, describe, recall
Comprehension– Show, explain, discuss, classify,
recognize, summarize, paraphrase
Word Clues Application
– Use, solve, teach, relate, explain, predict, compute, illustrate, simulate, demonstrate
Analysis– Probe, dissect, outline, compare,
organize, diagram, distinguish, investigate, categorize
Word Clues Synthesis
– Plan, make, invent, develop, design, propose, predict, assemble, formulate, hypothesize
Evaluation– Rate, judge, revise, critique, defend,
justify, assess, contrast, support, recommend, conclude, interpret
Information Processing Theory
Describes how we learn something new
Information Processing Theory
Filters what we know What we pay attention to moves on
SensoryRegisterLess thana second
Information Processing Theory
Room for 7 things (on average) Less than a minute
SensoryRegisterLess thana second
Short- termMemory
Information Processing Theory
If we process it further it stays with us To learn something requires practice
SensoryRegisterLess thana second
Short- termMemory
LongTermMemory
Memory TechniquesRehearsal- repetitionChunking- grouping the information into
meaningful categoriesRemembering general rules is easier
than every specific instanceWe learn best by connecting new
knowledge with old knowledgeROY G BIV
Another Reason Chemistry is hard
Requires math skills.Uses math to explainPrerequisiteAlgebra is used in this class regularly.Used to describe the world around us
What can you do?
LaboratorySafety Rules
While working in the science laboratory, you will have certain important ____________________ that do not apply to other classrooms. You will be working with materials and apparatus which, if handled carelessly or improperly, have the potential to cause __________________ or discomfort to someone else as well as yourself.
responsibilities
injury
A science laboratory can be a safe place in which to work if you, the student, are foresighted, alert, and cautious. Violating any of the following regulations will result in you being _______________ from class or ______________________ from the class. The following practices will be followed:
suspendedpermanently removed
1. An _________ must be present during the performance of all laboratory work.
2. Report any accident to the __________ immediately, no matter how_________, including reporting any burn, scratch, cut, or corrosive liquid on skin or clothing.
3. Prepare for each laboratory activity by ________ all instructions before coming to class. Follow all _________ implicitly and intelligently. Make note of any _________ in procedure given by the instructor.
instructor
teacherminor
readingdirections
modification
4. Any science project or individually planned experiment must be __________ by the teacher.
5. Use only those materials and equipment _________ by the instructor.6. Inform the teacher ____________ of any equipment not working properly.
7. Clean up any nonhazardous _______ on the floor or workspace ____________.
approved
authorized immediately
immediately spill
8. Wear appropriate ______________, as directed by the instructor, whenever you are working in the laboratory. Safety goggles must be worn during hazardous _________ involving caustic/corrosive chemicals, heating of liquids, and other activities that may injure the eyes.
eye protection
activities
9. Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of _____________. Therefore, students should preferably wear regular glasses (inside splash -proof goggles, when appropriate) during all class activities or purchase personal splash-proof goggles and wear them whenever exposure to chemicals or chemical fumes is possible.
10. Students with _________________ on hands must wear gloves or be excused from the laboratory activity.
contact lenses
open skin wounds
11. Never _______ hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a ______ of students.
12. Check ______ and equipment instructions carefully. Be sure correct items are _______ in the proper manner.
13. Be aware if the _________ being used are hazardous. Know where the material safety data sheet (_______) is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemicals you are using.
carrygroup
labels
usedchemicals
MSDS
14. Never ______ anything or touch chemicals with the hands, unless __________ instructed to do so.
taste
specifically
wavingdistance
laboratory not
15. Test for odor of chemicals only by ______ your hand above the container and sniffing cautiously from a _________.
16. Eating or drinking in the ____________ or from laboratory equipment is _____ permitted.
17. When heating material in a test tube, do not ______ into the tube or point it in the direction of any person during the process.
18. Never pour _________ back into bottles, exchange stoppers of bottles, or lay stoppers on the table.
19. When diluting _____, always pour acids into _______, never the reverse.
look
reagents
acidswater
20. Wash hands as necessary and wash thoroughly at the __________ of the laboratory period.
21. To treat a burn from an acid or alkali, wash the affected area ___________ with plenty of running water. If the eye is involved, irrigate it at the eyewash station without interruption for ___ minutes. Report the incident to your ___________ ______________.
immediately
conclusion
15instructor.
immediately
22. Know the _________ of the emergency shower, eyewash and facewash station, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, fire alarm box, and exits.
23. Know the proper fire and earthquake drill _____________.
24. Roll long sleeves above the _______. Long, hanging necklaces, bulky jewelry, and excessive and bulky clothing should not be _____ in the laboratory.
25. Confine long hair during a __________ activity.
location
procedures
wrist
laboratory
worn
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