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CILIWUNG RIVER IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA,

Della Permata –08R12105 YSEP 2008YSEP 2008

Civil Engineering DepartmentTokyo Institute of Technology

INDONESIA Government

Official name : Republic of Indonesia Capital: Jakarta Capital: Jakarta Form of government : Presidential, unitary form

• Geography– Location : south eastern Asia, archipelago between the indian ocean and

the pacific oceanp– Total area : 1,919,440 sq km (5x Japan)– Archipelago of more than 17,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles

Equatorq– Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

• People• People– Population: 237,512,352 (July 2008 est.)– Religions: Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%,

B ddhi t 1% th 1%Buddhist 1%, other 1%– Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English,

Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese

JAKARTAA h i l i d l i f I d iAs the capital city and largest city of Indonesia,

Jakarta has a greater population than anyh i i S h A iother city in Southeast Asia.

Jakarta has an area of 750.28 square kilometres and a population of 8,489,910 people(2008 census).

Jakarta is the twelfth-largest city in the world;the metropolitan area, called Jabodetabek, isp , ,the sixth-largest in the world.

Jakarta is located on the northwestern coast ofJakarta is located on the northwestern coast ofJava, at the mouth of the Ciliwung River onJakarta Bay, which is an inlet of the Java Sea.Jakarta Bay, which is an inlet of the Java Sea.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESISSUES

WaterWaterpollutionAirpollutionEnvironmen pollutionSolid waste

Environmental problems

disposal

Soil pollution

WATER POLLUTION

Sea

RiRiver

LakeWater

pollution

a e

Groundwater

Bay

etc

RIVER CONDITION IN JAKARTAJAKARTA

RIVER POLLUTION IN JAKARTAJAKARTA

Approximately is about 64 rivers from 470 Approximately is about 64 rivers from 470 rivers in Indonesia has critical condition. A d i d i i iAnd it spreads in many cities.

There are about 13 rivers flowing gthrough Jakarta, mostly flowing from the hilly southern parts of the city the hilly southern parts of the city northwards towards the Java Sea. All of th h b t i t d them have been contaminated.

One of the rivers that is very popular is CILIWUNG RIVER.

CILIWUNG RIVERCILIWUNG RIVERCiliwung is a river that passes through g p g

Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from its source near Puncak on the from its source near Puncak on the highlands of West Java to the Jakarta BayBay.

Ciliwung River divides the city into the t d t i i litiwestern and eastern principalities.

Ciliwung River is used as the main source of the water supply system for municipal water system in Jakarta.y

WHY CILIWUNG RIVER BECOMES POPULAR??

Every year this river get flooding Every year this river get flooding The Water Quality Index of the

river decreased 33% in the 12 years between 1993 and 2005between 1993 and 2005

WATER QUALITY DATA OF CILIWUNG RIVER

Data (2007)

Parameter Limit averageParameter Limit average

BOD 10 mg/L 8.97 mg/L

COD 20 mg/L 35.22 mg/L

E-coli 10,000 cells/100 cc 1,600,000-3,000,000 cells/100 cccells/100 cc

Fecal coli 2000 cells/100 cc 280,000-1,600,000 cells/100 cc

E coli: Escherichia coli (大腸菌群)Fecal coli: Fecal coliform (糞便性大腸菌)

THE CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY’S DECREASE DECREASE

In Kampung Jawa, South Jakarta, residents dispose their garbage along the river banks. p g g gAlmost 6000 residents dump their garbage daily at this site. y

THE CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY’S DECREASE DECREASE Hundreds of small and medium scale industries

d i th i ffl t i t th Cili are dumping their effluents into the Ciliwung and Cipinang rivers.

THE CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY’S DECREASE DECREASE The Ciliwung River waters from upstream to downstream

are heavily polluted by gray water from households are heavily polluted by gray water from households, commercial buildings, together with discharges from industries, pesticide and fertilizer run-off from pagricultural land, solid waste, and fecal matter from overflowing or leaking septic tanks.

THE CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY’S DECREASE DECREASE The changes of the land use without taking note

of the Area Planning or Regional Planning will of the Area Planning or Regional Planning will change the land function and increasingly the quality and quantity of waste entering to the quality and quantity of waste entering to the river.

THE CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY’S DECREASE QUALITY’S DECREASE

Table 1. source of river pollution in Jakarta

S P tSource Percentage

Municipal/Domestic Municipal/Domestic activity (wastewater

and garbage)75 %

and garbage)

Industrial activity 10 %Commercial area

activity 15 %activity

THE EFFECTSAll the effects must be negative effects, such as :Blooming effect

It caused the death of native organisms (fish, g ( ,plant, etc)

Habitat extinctionHabitat extinctionWater Intrusion seepage

It d th d t t i tiIt caused the groundwater contaminationNo source for water supply system anymore Increase many diseases in human (typhus,

cholera,etc)

RECOMMENDATIONS“need to increase cooperativeness

b t t i d t dbetween government, industry, andhuman society.”

government

coopera

industtion

Human industry

Human society

RECOMMENDATIONSFor governmentFor government

Government must act firmly toI d t d h i tIndustry and human society.

For industryIndustry who wants to throw awaytheir waste should process/treat theirtheir waste should process/treat theirwaste before dispose it to environment.

For human/peopleFor human/peoplePeople should increase their

i iconsciousness to environment.

REFERENCES http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/jakarta/2007/0

3/20/brk,20070320-95839,id.html, , http://www.suarakarya-

online.com/news.html?id=138892 http://jawaban.com/news/news/detail.php?id_news

=071121182722 http://www.kapanlagi.com/h/0000151068.html http://www.beritajakarta.com/V_Ind/berita_detail.

?id il 0& N Id 18077asp?idwil=0&nNewsId=18077 http://digilib-

ampl net/detail/detail php?row=0&tp=kliping&ktgampl.net/detail/detail.php?row=0&tp=kliping&ktg=airlimbah&kode=392

http://www2 kompas com/kompas- http://www2.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0108/13/METRO/penc18.htm