Cisco Router IOS M Clements. 20-Jan-16 IOS Version - choice and deployment 2 This week …… Cisco...

Cisco Router IOS

M Clements

3 May 2023IOS Version - choice and

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This week ……

Cisco IOS versions IOS Features Choosing an IOS IOS upgrade Practical work

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Internetworking Operating System

Multifunction operating system on most Cisco routers and switches

Generally meant for CLI usage Different versions have different features Need correct feature set for proposed usage Not easy to work out necessary features

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Why might I need an upgrade?

Your router may have a corrupt IOS Your router may not be able to perform the

actions that you want it to carry out You may be planning an network upgrade

and the current IOS does not contain the features that you desire for the future

Perhaps your router does not support VLANS

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Find an IOS to support VLANs

Cisco IOS Software Selector http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/

servlet/index#

Allows search of IOS by feature and platform Can see DRAM and FLASH requirements These are important – why?

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Try it out ………

Go to: http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/servlet/index#

Click ‘Search by Feature’ Use ‘Search by full or partial feature name’ Type VLAN then click ‘Search’ Narrowed results appear below

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Narrowed results

Add IEEE 802.1Q ISL VLAN Mapping and click ‘Add’ then Continue

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Results of search

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Next Step ………….

What platform are you using? This will be necessary to ensure that the IOS

you need is available for your particular router (or switch)

Assume you are working with a 2610 router What choices do you see in the ‘Quick Pick’? What is the difference between GD and LD

release?

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Release Designations Defined

Early Deployment (ED) Software releases that provide new features and new platform support in addition to bug fixes. Cisco IOS CTED, STED, SMED, and XED are variations of ED software releases.

General Deployment (GD) Date at which this software release reached the "General Deployment" milestone in its lifecycle. A Major Release of Cisco IOS software reaches the "General Deployment" milestone when Cisco feels it is suitable for deployment anywhere in customer networks where the features and functionality of the release are required. Criteria for reaching the "General Deployment" milestone are based on, but not limited to, customer feedback surveys from production and test networks using the releases, CE bug reports, and reported field experience. Only Major Releases are candidates to reach the General Deployment milestone.

Limited Deployment (LD) A Major Release of Cisco IOS software is said to be in the "Limited Deployment" phase of its lifecycle during the period between initial FCS and the General Deployment (GD) milestones.

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Download the IOS

For this you will need a Cisco account Your company will have one if it is using

Cisco devices University of Greenwich has an account – we

cannot use it for student work We will assume we have downloaded a new

IOS version

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IOS upgrade method

Put IOS onto a TFTP server Upload from TFTP server Trivial File Transfer Protocol – not good for public

usage – no passwords etc See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tftp It uses UDP port 69 as its transport protocol It

cannot list directory contents. It has no authentication or encryption mechanisms. It is used to read files from, or write files to, a remote

server.

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Open Packet Tracer

You will need as a minimum Server PT Router – choose 1841 Switch – any PC with any Ethernet interface

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Connections

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Connection Details

Use copper straight through between server and switch and also between switch and router

Use lowest numbered interfaces on all devices for Cat 5 cabling

Use console cable between PC and router Connects to console ports on router and

RS232 port on the PC

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Connecting to router from the PC

Go to PC Desktop then Terminal Make sure settings are as shown below Click OK

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Setup of Router

Give the router a /24 IP address on an Ethernet interface

Work this address out before you continue Change the router’s name to my_new_router

You can do this yourself or follow the instructions on the following slides

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Router Initial Setup

At Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: type n, Return

Now type the following commands Router>enable Router#configure terminal Router(config)#interface ? This displays the available interfaces Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

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Router Setup Continued

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#hostname my_new_router

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Router Setup Continued

my_new_router(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

my_new_router#write Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration...[OK]my_new_router#

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Configuring the Router

Visit the CLI and ascertain the IOS version that is currently running

Use the ‘show version’ command to do this IOS is not the same as System Bootstrap! Note the values for NVRAM, DRAM and

FLASH Where are these values written?

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Noting the IOS currently in use

The IOS is displayed prefixed by its location on the router

Make a note of the location and the FULL name of the IOS

Note the value of the Configuration Register This tells the router where to look at boot for its

IOS

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Configuring Server

Open server properties by clicking on it Under Config, Services turn off all services

except TFTP Notice the IOS versions already

‘downloaded’ to the TFTP server Set a /24 address and subnet mask from the

router’s FastEthernet network range

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Check Connectivity

Make sure that your network has connectivity between the server and router before continuing

Use a ping from either the router or the server to make sure of this

Copy the results of the ping Carry out diagnostics if the ping fails

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Boot Router to ROMMON

The ROM monitor (also called the bootstrap program) is the firmware that runs when you power on Cisco routers

During normal operation, the ROM monitor helps to initialize the processor hardware and boot the operating system software

Accomplished by changing the configuration register to either 0x2100 or 0x0

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From the PC ……….

my_new_router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

my_new_router(config)#config-register 0x2100

my_new_router(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

my_new_router#reloadProceed with reload? [confirm]

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Router boots into ROMMON

Press Enter Type ? Note the response Now look at files in FLASH memoryrommon 8 > dir flash: File size Checksum File name

13832032 bytes (0xd30f60) 0x1033 c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin

Now reboot the router (reset)

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Choosing the new IOS from the TFTP server

Choose the IOS image on the TFTP server that you do not currently have in the router’s FLASH – note the COMPLETE name

Enter Priv Exec mode on your router

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Enter the relevant details

my_new_router#copy tftp flash:Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2Source filename []? c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.binDestination filename [c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin]? Accessing tftp://192.168.1.2/c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin....Loading c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin from

192.168.1.2: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OK - 16599160 bytes]

16599160 bytes copied in 30.097 secs (123409 bytes/sec)

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Check file is in FLASH then boot it

my_new_router#dir flash:Directory of flash:/ (read the output) Now re-enter ROMMONrommon 1 > boot flash:c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin

Observe the boot process and verify that the router has booted the new IOS using the ‘show version’ command

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Delete the old IOS

my_new_router#delete flash: c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin

Delete filename [c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin]?

Delete flash:/ c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin? [confirm]

my_new_router#dir flash:Directory of flash:/

2 -rw- 16599160 <no date> c1841-ipbasek9-mz.124-12.bin

32514048 bytes total (15914888 bytes free)

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Reboot and reset config register

Reload the IOS Router boots to rommon again – rommon 2 > confreg 0x2102rommon 3 > reset Once router reboots, verify that the IOS is

now the new version – use show version

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Saving config file to TFTP

my_new_router#copy running-config tftpAddress or name of remote host []?

192.168.1.2Destination filename [my_new_router-confg]? .!![OK - 352 bytes]

352 bytes copied in 3.184 secs (0 bytes/sec)

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Check TFTP server

Look in the TFTP server for the config file that you copied

This can be useful as a backup in case of router failure

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Summary

IOS contains commands for routers and switches

Can be upgraded over network using TFTP ROMMON can be used as basic boot option TFTP server accessed by router to copy the

IOS TFTP server can also be used to save or

upload a config file

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Extra Resources

Free TFTP server – see engweb.info/apps

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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/ISTMAIN/servlet/index# http://www.roadkillnetworks.com/cisco/

tftp_rom_monitor_appendc.htm