CIT 380 Securing Computer Systems

CIT 380: Securing Computer Systems Slide #1

CIT 380 Securing Computer Systems

Threats

Vocabulary

• CIA Triad– Confidentiality– Integrity– Availability

• States of Information– Storage– Processing– Transmission

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Vocabulary

• Security Measures– Technology– Policies and practices– Education, Training, and awareness

• Threats, Attacks, Assets

• Prevention, Detection, Recovery, Survivability

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Vocabulary

• Risk

• Security trade-offs

• Cost-Benefit Analysis

• Script Kiddies

• Security Researchers

• Hacker , Cracker, Attacker

• Black Hat, White Hat

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What are threats?

• What threats can you think of to your home?

• To your money (including bank accounts, checks, credit and debit cards)?

• To your home computer?

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Digital Threats: More of the Same

• Theft

• Vandalism

• Extortion

• Con Games

• Fraud

• Stalking

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Digital Threats: What’s Different

Automation– Salami Attack from Office Space.

Action at a Distance– Volodya Levin, from St. Petersburg, Russia, stole

over $10million from US Citibank. Arrested in London.

– Operators of CA BBS tried and convicted in TN court because TN had d/led pornography f/ CA.

Digital Threats: What’s Different

Technique Propagation– Criminals share techniques rapidly and globally.

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Next Slide

• The percentage of respondents answering that their organization experienced unauthorized use of computer systems in the last 12 months

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Survival Time

Survival Time

• The main issue here is of course that the time to download critical patches will exceed this survival time.

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Current Threat Information

• SANS Internet Storm Center– http://isc.sans.edu/index.html

• Bugtraq– http://www.securityfocus.com/– http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1

• CERT– http://www.cert.org/

Current Threat Information

• Packet Storm– http://packetstormsecurity.org/

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Who are the Attackers?

• Hackers vs Crackers

• Levels of attackers– Developer

• Finds new security vulnerabilities

• Writes tools and exploits

– User• Understands tools; modifies tools/exploits

– Script Kiddie

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Who are the Attackers?Criminals.

– 1993: Thieves installed bogus ATM at Manchester Mall. Saved account#s + PINs.

Organized crime.– 2000: Mafia-led organization members arrested for

attempt to steal $680million from Bank of Sicily.

Malicious insiders.– 2001: Mike Ventimiglia deletes files of his employer,

GTE. $200,000 damage.

Industrial espionage.– 2001: Verdicts in Cadence Design Systems vs. Avant

against 7 employees incl CEO. 5 sentenced to jail.

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Who are the Attackers?Press.

– 1998: Cincinnati Enquirer reporter Michael Gallagher breaks into Chiquita Fruits voicemail to expose illegal activities.

Police.– 1997: LAPD illegal wiretapping scandal.

Terrorists.– 1999: DOS attacks and web defacements against NATO

country computers during Kosovo bombings.National Intelligence.

– 2000: Former CIA Directory Woolsey admitted to using ECHELON information to help US companies win foreign contracts.

Scary Internet Stuff: Underground

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYWYvJ__Dxk&feature=related

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What Are Our Defenses?

• Firewalls • Virus Scanners • Spyware Scanners• Intrusion Detection

Systems (IDS/IPS) • Patches • Backups

Prevent

Detect

Respond

Recover

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What Are The Attacks?

• Phishing

• Malware

• Ransomware

• Spyware

• Botnets

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Phishing E-mail

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Phishing Site

Scary Internet Stuff: Phishing

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao20tAS3x3I&feature=related

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Malware

• Trojan Horses • Viruses • Worms

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Ransomware

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Spyware and Adware

Most Trojan Horses, some infect directly.

– Browser hijacking – Pop-up advertisements – Keystroke and network logging – Steal confidential data from email and files

Spyware and Adware

89% of PCs are infected with spyware

(2006Q2 Webroot .) – http://www.webroot.com/resources/

stateofspyware/excerpt.html

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Rootkits

• Execution Redirection• File Hiding• Process Hiding• Network Hiding

User Program

Rootkit

OS

Rootkits Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcqnG4-NkZ4

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Botnets

Worm or direct attack usurps control of PC, then installs control software to listen for instructions. Instructions can include:

• Attempt to infect other PCs • Send spam message • Launch DOS attack • Upgrade attack and control software • Virus writers sell botnets to spammers for

$0.10/compromised PC

Scary Internet Stuff: Botnets

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRhauoXpNSs

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Wikipedia: Botnet

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botnet – Historical list of botnets

• Kraken botnet– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_botnet

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Key Points• Computer crimes same as pre-computer crimes.• Differences in digital threats

– Automation– Action at a distance– Technique propagation

• Digital threats– Phishing – Malware – Ransomware – Spyware

– Botnets

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References1. Alexander Gostev et. al., “Malware Evolution: January – March 2006,” Virus List,

http://www.viruslist.com/en/analysis?pubid=184012401, April 12, 2006.2. The Honeynet Project, Know Your Enemy, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 2004. 3. John Leyden, "The illicit trade in compromised PCs," The Register, Apr 30 2004. 4. Stuart McClure, Joel Scambray, and George Kurtz, Hacking Exposed, 5th edition,

McGraw-Hill, 2005. 5. Rachna Dhamija and J. D. Tygar, "The Battle Against Phishing: Dynamic Security

Skins," Proceedings of the Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS), July 2005.

6. SANS Internet Storm Center, http://isc.sans.org/survivalhistory.php7. Schneier, Bruce, Beyond Fear, Copernicus Books, 2003.8. Ed Skoudis, Counter Hack Reloaded, Prentice Hall, 2006 9. Stuart Staniford, Vern Paxson, and Nicholas Weaver, "How to 0wn the Internet in Your

Spare Time," Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium, 2002. 10. Richard Stiennon, "Spyware: 2004 Was Only the Beginning," CIO Update, Jan 26

2005. 11. Thompson, Ken, “Reflections on Trusting Trust”, Communication of the ACM, Vol.

27, No. 8, August 1984, pp. 761-763 (http://www.acm.org/classics/sep95/)