Civics Review

Civics Review

• The term meaning a 2/3 vote can end a filibuster

• Cloture

• What is the term for an appellate court sending a case back to a lower court for further action.

• Remand

• What is the term meaning the senate has the ability to approve a presidential appointment?

• Senatorial courtesy

• Which courts use witnesses during trial?

• District courts

• How does one become a federal judge?

• Appointment

• Term that means a majority of evidence supports a decision by jury in a civil case (majority rule, rather than unanimous decision).

• Preponderance of Evidence

• One reason for objection in a court – statement based on what one has heard, rather than on any solid evidence.

• Hearsay

• In a court, a motion made against a testimony or evidence.

• Objection

• What is jurisdiction?

• Authority or dominion over a case

• Action in which an executive can remove the parts of a bill.

• Line-item veto

• Which court in the United States is the highest authority?

• Supreme Court

• What is the term for the ability of the Supreme Court to review bills for constitutionality?

• Judicial Review

• During what Supreme Court case did the court gain the ability of judicial review?

• Marbury v. Madison

• Which federal court has original jurisdiction?

• District court

• What is the role of a court in a criminal case?

• Determine guilt/innocence

• What type of decisions are made in an appellate court?

• Reviews of lower courts

• Committee action in which a bill is put off to the side, ignored, and likely to die.

• Pigeon-hole

• What types of civil cases are handled by the federal court?

• Private parties• Private parties v. Govt• US v. state/local government

• A judge who is often in a lower court. Often appointed by federal judges.

• Magistrate

• How many state court systems are in America?

• 50

• How many district courts are in the US?

• At least one per state. (89; 94 including territories)

• What does a judge in a federal court base their opinions on?

• precedent

• What is the tenure of a federal judge?

• Life

• Of which branch of government are the US Marshals a part?

• Executive

• What is the duty of a US Marshal

• Serve as enforcement agency within judicial branch

• What is the term that means to take legal action?

• Litigation

• When a court orders a party to do/not do something.

• injunction

• A document used pre-trial as a means of stating an argument.

• Brief

• What type of decisions are made by an appellate court?

• Review

• When discussing a federal court, what is an “opinion”?

• A decision

• When a decision in a legal dispute has been made outside the court.

• Arbitration

• In a civil dispute, when should a person choose to take a case to trial?

• AS A LAST RESORT!

• Action in which a member of the senate speaks ad nauseam as a means of keeping a bill from passing.

• filibuster

• Jurisdiction in which multiple courts are able to decide on a matter within the same territory.

• Concurrent jurisdiction

• During an examination, when a witness is given a chance to address points made during a cross-examination.

• redress

• Governing whether, how, when, and for what purpose evidence is to be used.

• Rule of evidence

• A legal document calling a person into court.

• Subpoena

• This refers to the sole power of a court to adjudicate a case.

• Exclusive jurisdiction

• To solve a dispute through use of a third party.

• mediation

• Who is the only president to have ever served as a Supreme Court Chief Justice?

• William Howard Taft

• How many justices are in the Supreme Court?

• 1 Chief Justice + 8 Associate Justices

• Who was the first black Supreme Court Justice?

• Thurgood Marshall

• Who is our current Supreme Court Chief Justice?

• John Roberts

• Who is the first female member of the Supreme Court?

• Sandra Day O’Connor

• In what types of cases does the Supreme Court have final authority?

• Constitution• Acts of Congress• Treaties with other nations

• Who approves the budget set by the OMD?

• Congress

• In what situations does Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?

• Diplomats from foreign countries• Disputes between states

• What are the powers of the Supreme Court?

• Judicial Review• Interpreting Laws• Review any federal, state, or local law/action for constitutionality• Nullify or cancel laws found unconstitutional

• How does someone become a member of the Supreme Court?

• Appointment by President

• How long is the term of a Supreme Court justice?

• Life.

• What are some reasons for this lifelong term?

• Kept free from political influence

• What are some reasons a person may be rejected from a Supreme Court position?

• Qualifications• Political philosophies

• What does the 25th Amendment do?

• Line of presidential succession.

• Who is the only president to have ignored a Supreme Court ruling?

• Andrew Jackson

• Which president served more than 2 terms?

• FDR

With what were presidential terms limited?

• 22nd Amendment

• What 3 qualifications are necessary to become president?

• 35 years old• 14 years residency• Natural born citizen

• What is the system by which the government is run, including non-elected officials.

• Bureaucracy

• List in order, the first 5 people in the line of presidential succession.

• President• Vice-President• Speaker of the House• President Pro-Tempore• Secretary of State

• Power granted to the president to execute a proclamation with full force of the law

• Executive orders

• Who is the Commander in Chief?

• President

• What are the duties of the Commander in Chief?

• Leader of armed forces

• How often is the State of the Union address made?

• annually

• Who gives the State of the Union address?

• President

• What is the system by which a president appoints their supporters to positions in the government?

• Patronage System

• What is a type of pardon, often given before a person even goes to trial, often for political offenses?

• Amnesty

• What is the title of the position of the President’s assistant?

• Chief of Staff

• What is the OMB?

• Office of Management and Budget

How many departments are in the executive branch?

• 15

• The secretaries of each of these departments make up what group?

• cabinet

• Which department collects taxes?

• Treasury Department (IRS)

• Which department has 3 branches which protect our nation?

• Department of Defense (Army, Navy/Marines, Air Force)

• Which department handles the National Parks?

• Interior Department

• Which department deals with soil conservation?

• Department of Agriculture

• Which department handles passports?

• State department

• Which department handles Race to the Top?

• Department of Education

• Which department includes the Secret Service?

• Department of Homeland Security

• What is the money used for collateral in a criminal case when a person is released from jail to await trial?

• Bail

• What is it called when an accused person in a trial agrees to a lesser charge in order to forego trial?

• Plea bargain

• Where are cases involving minors typically held?

• Juvenile courts

• Who decides if formal charges will be filed in a case?

• Grand jury

• What happens in a criminal case when a jury is unable to reach a unanimous decision?

• Hung jury/mistrial.