View
9
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
CLASS RESERVATION MOBILE
APPLICATION
NURNAJMI FARHA BINTI
WAHAB
FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND
COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN
ZAINAL ABIDIN
CLASS RESERVATION MOBILE
APPLICATION
NURNAJMI FARHA BINTI
WAHAB
BACHELOR OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (INFORMATICS
MEDIA)
FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND
COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN
ZAINAL ABIDIN
DECEMBER 2018
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declared that this project report is based on my own efforts with helps getting
information from the sources that I have in confession. I also declare my works was
never produced by any degree in UniSZA.
Signature :
Name : Nurnajmi Farha binti Wahab
Date :
ii
CONFIRMATION
I have read the report of the project and the view of my project report eligible to be
awarded a Bachelor of Informatics Technology.
Signature :
Supervisor’s Name : Dato’ PM Dr. MOhd Hafiz Yusof
Date :
iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
In the Name of Allah, The most Gracious, The most Merciful, the
class reservation mobile application for Final Year Project is able to develop. I take
this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my supervisor,
Dato’ PM Dr. Mohd Hafiz Yusof for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this final year project.
I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to
lecturers of Faculty Informatics and Computing for cordial support, valuable
information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various
stages. Lastly, thanks to all my friends that helped and encouraged me during this
project development.
iv
ABSTRACT
The Class Reservation Mobile Application is a mobile application
and is all about to reserve a class. Currently, University Sultan Zainal Abidin does not
have any of class reservation system. The students and staffs needs to fill the form
manually for class reservation. This manual process is not efficient and time
consuming. The project proposed will computerize the existing manual system using
four processes such as searching, matching, reservation and approval. PHP and
MySQL approach was applied in implementation phase. This technique was choose
because of an easy implementation and suitable for mobile application system. In this
project, the contribution is mobile application to replace current manually system. In
result, the reservation process become fast and efficient to existing approach.
v
ABSTRAK
Aplikasi Mudah Alih Kelas Tempahan adalah aplikasi mudah alih
khas untuk membuat tempahan kelas. Pada masa ini, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
tidak mempunyai sistem tempahan kelas. Para pelajar dan kakitangan perlu mengisi
borang secara manual untuk membuat tempahan kelas. Proses manual ini tidak cekap
dan memakan masa. Projek yang dicadangkan ini akan menggunakan sistem komputer
yang merangkumi empat proses seperti carian, padanan, tempahan dan kelulusan.
Dalam proses pembangunan system pula, PHP dan MySQL digunakan kerana sesuai
untuk sistem aplikasi mudah alih. Dalam projek ini, sumbangan untuk sistem aplikasi
mudah alih ini ialah untuk menggantikan sistem secara manual. Hasilnya, proses
tempahan menjadi cepat dan efisien berbanding sistem sedia ada.
vi
CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
FRONT PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF APPENDIX x
ABBREVIATION xi
1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem statement 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope 3
1.5 Gantt chart 4
vii
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Operational Definition 6
2.2.1 Computer Reservation System (CRS) 6
2.2.2 Mobile application 7
2.2.3 Animation in mobile apps 8
2.3 Research/Analysis/Model 9
2.4 Research Comparison 10-11
2.5 Conclusion 12
3 METHODOLOGY 13
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 Project Methodology 15
3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase 15
3.2.2 Planning Phase 15
3.2.3 Requirement Phase 16
3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase 16
3.2.4.1 System Design 16
3.2.4.2 Interface Design 16
3.2.5 Implementation Phase 16
3.2.6 Testing Phase 17
3.2.7 Evaluation Phase 17
3.2.8 Deployment Phase 17
3.3 System Requirement
3.3.1 Software Requirement
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement
18
18
19
3.4 System Design and Modelling
3.4.1 Context Diagram (CD)
3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0
3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1
3.4.3.1 Make Reservation
20
20
21
23
23
viii
3.4.3.2 Update Reservation
3.4.3.3 Reservation Report
3.4.3.4 Manage Class
3.4.3.5 Reservation Report
24
25
26
27
3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 28
3.6 Conclusion 29
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
NO FIGURE TITLE PAGE
3.1 Iterative and Incremental Model 14
3.2 Context Diagram 20
3.3 DFD Level 0 21
3.4 DFD Level 1 for Process 2.0 23
3.5 DFD Level 1 for Process 3.0 24
3.6 DFD Level 1 for Process 4.0 25
3.7 DFD Level 1 for Process 5.0 26
3.8 DFD Level 1 for Process 6.0 27
3.9 Entity Relationship Diagram
(ERD)
28
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A Gantt Chart 4
xi
ABBREVIATION
CD Context Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
SDLC Software development Life Cycle
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Class reservation is the process where the students or lecturers need to do
before make the class replacement or used the class that is not in their time table.
Currently, most students are having difficulties to reserve a class because they
need to do it manually and it is time-consuming for the students to make the
reservation. It is also hard for the staff to book any classes for faculty events as
they need to check for the availability of the classes needed manually so that it
would not redundant with any of the student ’s schedule.
Therefore, the mobile application for classroom reservation is developed to
ease the students and staffs to reserve a class by lessening the time taken to make a
reservation. In addition, a customer can check the availability of the bus ticket
before they reserve the ticket. The main purpose of this system is to avoid
redundancy of occupying the same class for more than just one programme at one
time.
2
1.2 Problem statement
In University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), there is no online system for the
class reservation system. The current system only used the paper form provided by
faculty. Thus, students or staff that wants to make the class reservation need to take
the paper form at their faculty and fill the required information.
Besides, the students or staffs are needed to find the class on their own. They
need to choose the class that is available at a certain time. This will make the process
reservation more complicated and time-consuming as it is hard to find the available
class that fulfils the needs. For example, the student may want to reserve a class that
can afford 40-50 students and has the LCD projector. However, not all class in
UniSZA have the features as needed by that student and not all class available at a
certain time. Thus, there is a need to develop a new system that can automatically
assign the suitable class.
3
1.3 Objective
The objectives of developing a mobile application for classroom reservation are as
follow:
i. To design the Classroom reservation mobile application that is user-friendly and
easy to navigate.
ii. To develop Classroom reservation mobile application that can ease user to
manage bookings and to reserve class more easily.
iii. To test the functionalities of the system so that it meets the user’s requirements.
1.4 Scope
Several scopes have been outlined in order to achieve the objective of the
project. The main scope of this project is to develop a mobile application for
classroom reservation and reservation management system.
The other scopes of this project are the main user of this project is BPA, staff,
and student of Besut campus of UniSZA .Academic Division Administrator (BPA) are
able to register new information regarding the facilities at the faculty. Besides, they
also able to manage class timetable by updating any changes to the class’ timetables.
Next, they able to generate a report such as booking report to oversee the booking
made by the student or staff.
The second user which is staff and student able to make the class reservation in
the mobile application. They also are able to manage their booking by cancelling or
making any changes regarding their booking.
4
1.5 Gantt chart
NO ACTIVITIES WEEK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1 Topic Discussion
and Determination
with supervisor
2 Submit project title
and brief description
of the proposed project
3 Proposal Writing Chapter 1-
Introduction
4 Proposal Writing Chapter 2-
Literature Review
5 Proposal Progress
Presentation & Evaluation
6 Discussion ,
Correction Proposal
& Proposed Solution
Methodology
7 Proposed Solution Methodology
a) Problem Identification
b) Design
8 Proposed Solution –
Methodology (Continued)
a) Method – Formula,
b) Algorithm, or Technique
9 Proof of Concept
a) Develop a proof
of concept
to demonstrate
the feasibility
of your proposed project.
10 Submission draft Report
of the Proposal to the
supervisor to check
and suggest correction
11 Edit report
12 Submission draft
report to supervisor
13 Presentation of the
project proposal
to the panels
14 Correction Report
15 Final Report Submission
5
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter will provide the literature review for the system that will be
developed. Firstly, we need to understand what literature review is. A literature review
is a process of reading, analysing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials
about a specific topic. It is a guideline to develop a new system to provide a better and
more functional system than the existing one. The discussion about the new system is
done based on the literature review guidelines.
6
2.2 Operational Definition
An operational definition is the articulation of operationalization (or statement
of procedures) used in defining the terms of a process (or set of validation tests)
needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon (avariable, term, or object)
and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical
composition, etc.
2.2.1 Computer Reservation System (CRS)
A computer reservation system or central reservation system (CRS) is a
computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions
related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or other activities. Originally designed and
operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Global
distribution systems (GDS) book and sell tickets for multiple airlines. Most airlines
have outsourced their CRSs to GDS companies, which also enable consumer access
through Internet gateways. Modern GDS’s typically allow users to book hotel rooms,
rental cars, airline tickets as well as other activities and tours. They also provide
access to railway reservation an bus reservation in some markets, although these are
not always integrated with the main system. These are also used to relay computerized
information for users in the hotel industry, making reservation and ensuring that the
hotel is not overbooked.
7
2.2.2 Mobile application
A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is type of
application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or
tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar
services to those accessed on PCs. Apps were originally intended for productivity
assistance such as Email, calendar, and contact databases, but the public demand for
apps caused rapid expansion into other areas such as mobile games, factory
automation, GPS and location-based services, order-tracking, and ticket purchases, so
that there are now millions of apps available. Apps are generally downloaded from
application distribution platforms which are operated by the owner of the mobile
operating system, such as the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store.
A mobile application also may be known as an app, web app, online app,
iPhone app or smartphone app. Mobile applications are a move away from the
integrated software system generally found on PCs. Instead, each app provides limited
and isolated functionality such as a game, calculator or mobile web browsing.
Although applications may have avoided multitasking because of the limited hardware
resources of the early mobile devices, their specificity is now part of their desirability
because they allow consumers to hand-pick what their devices are able to do.
8
2.2.3 Animation in Mobile Apps
In UX design, app animations present the area for endless creative search as
well as one of the objects for hot debates. As everything integrated into an interface,
app animations must be a functional element rather than decor. Motion elements
should be considered from the very start of planning a user journey. Advantages and
utility of motion in the interaction process have to be obvious and outweigh possible
pitfalls. There are benefits and pitfalls of UI animation that Applying animation
in mobile app, designers should analyze both positive and negative impact they may
have on app interactions. Among the advantages of motion for mobile apps, we could
mention it saved screen space. It also can increased usability, convenient and easy
interaction. Ability to fulfil several functions simultaneously and providing clear
feedback to the user. On the other hand, among the disadvantage designers have to
consider the loading time, distraction factor and time and effort-consuming technical
realization when using animation in mobile application.
9
2.3 Research/Analysis/Model
The current class reservation system in UniSZA used the paper form that is
needed to be filling by the applicant (students and staffs). The complete form then will
need the approval by staff from Academic Division Administrator. This traditional
method cause a lot of problem to the users as discussed in chapter 1.
The proposed system is Classroom Reservation Mobile Application. This
mobile application allows user to make classroom reservation ease and faster.
Research had been done to compare the current reservation system technique used and
the end result of each technique. It is to help us choose the suitable technique through
comparison based on our problem statement.
10
2.4 Research Comparison
Title / Author Description Advantage Disadvantage
“We Tried Every
Travel App Out
There So You Don’t
Have To”
(Booking.com )
Meisha Bochicchio
August 25,2017
Booking.com is a
travel fare aggregator
website and travel
metasearch engine
for lodging
reservations.
-Easy to use and
navigate
-lots of cool features
-Many screens were
loaded with
information
-Booking process
was a bit bulky
“Which Discount
Dining App In
M'sia Is Better?
Eatigo VS Tableapp
VS Offpeak” (Table
App)
Su Mei Lee
May 03,2017
Reserve the best
restaurants in
Malaysia instantly
anytime, anywhere,
with instant
confirmation and no
additional cost.
-Users are able to see
who you’re speaking
to with a picture
preview.
-Table app’s
homepage has
limited features
11
“3 bus booking sites
and apps in
Malaysia you
should know” (Easy
Book )
Alanna Rebecca
September 25,2016
Book Bus, Train,
Ferry, Car Rental and
Tour
-easy to use -Has a very slight lag
when it comes to the
booking
-Options for pick-up,
drop-off and bus
operators are a
plenty.
12
2.5 Conclusion
In this chapter, a few literature reviews had been done through past researches
and existing system to gain knowledge for better understanding the flow of a
reservation system. The literature review acts as guidance to help us to understand the
various techniques that had been used in existing system.
13
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
In this chapter, we will discuss about the methodology that will be used in
developing the system. The methodology is an important element because it acts as a
guide throughout the system development in order to produce a complete and
functioning system. There are several methodology models that can be used such as
Waterfall Model, Spiral Model and V Model. The system development life cycle
(SDLC) that will be used for this project is Iterative and Incremental Model. The
advantages if Iterative and Incremental Model are some working functionality can be
developed quickly, parallel development can be planned, progress can be measured
and less costly to change scope or requirements.
14
3.2 Project Methodology
For the development of Mobile Application of Class Reservation System, the
proposed approach is Iterative and Incremental Model. By using this approach, it
allows me to develop the system phase by phase and it is also possible to return to the
previous phase even though the deliverables had been done. The main advantage of
this model is that in case there is any changes request or enhancements come in
between any phase, changes can be implemented at a very little cost because of the
frequency of new increments that are produced. This method consists of several
phases approach which are initial planning, planning, requirements, analysis and
design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and deployment phase. For each iteration,
any additional features can be designed, developed, implemented and tested until the
system is fully functional and ready to be deployed.
Figure 3.1: Iterative and Incremental Model
15
3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase
In this phase, all the activities are plan according to a given period to complete
the system. This phase begins with the brainstorming with the supervisor to come up
with the idea and the title for the project. From the brainstorming session with the
supervisor, the project where were listed and lastly title have been decided which is
Mobile Application for Class Reservation System.
3.2.2 Planning Phase
After deciding the title of the project and the approach to be used, the
discussions continue on defining the problem statements, decide objectives and define
a scope for the system. In order to get a better understanding, existing systems are
reviewed, observed and the constraint and limitation are gathered. Discussion with the
Academic Division Administrator (BPA) was done to know what are the main issues
that they are facing with the manual system.
3.2.3 Requirement Phase
During this phase, existing systems are analyzed and all the requirement that
is needed to develop the new system are identified. In this phase, the information
regarding Class Reservation Mobile Application either in the form of journal, articles
or research papers is gathered and studied. All the requirements and constraints had
been identified. The information obtained about the booking system is crucial in
producing the end product and achieve the system objectives.
16
3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase
3.2.4.1 System Design
After getting the information required , the next step is design the
Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) level 0 and 1, Entity
Relationship Diagram (ERD), database are done for a better understanding
about the flow of the system.
3.2.4.2 Interface Design
Designing the System Interface includes two parts. One is to design the
User Interfaces and the other is to design the interfaces that interact with other
systems, which are integral to the functioning of the system that is being
designed.
3.2.5 Implementation Phase
At this phase, the step is to write the coding for every function that involve in
this system. The code writing will be do based on modules, sub-modules and followed
by user requirements involve in this system. This system is developed using PHP
programming.
17
3.2.6 Testing
In this phase upon completion of full implementation, the system is tested and
bugs is corrected to determine whether the system meets the specified requirements
and find any errors occur in the coding before the system can be used by the users.
Any errors must be fixed and the system testing must be carried out again. Testing is
essential to identify all the process functions correctly.
3.2.7 Evaluation Phase
During this phase, the effectiveness of program operations, implementation,
and service delivery were analyzed. The system is evaluated before deploying it to the
end user. The system is evaluated based on the functionalities of the system and
whether the system fulfills the user’s requirements. The system must fulfill all the
requirements before it is able to be deployed.
3.2.8 Deployment Phase
Once the evaluation is done, the system is released to the end users.
18
3.3 System Requirement
System requirement is the implementation that the system needed to make sure
the hardware or software can be run smoothly. Software and hardware tools are very
important and essential. If the system fails in fulling the requirement, the failure of
performance and installation may occur.
3.3.1 Software Requirement
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
XAMPP Server Local server to run and test system and
database connection.
Notepad++ A medium to write PHP coding to build
the system
Adobe Acrobat Reader Tool that is used to view documents,
journals, and research papers.
Microsoft Office 2010 Used for documentation and presentation
slides of the project.
Ionic A medium to build the mobile
application.
Google Chrome / Microsoft Edge A medium to gather information, to run
and view the system.
Table 3.1: Software Requirement
19
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Laptop ACER CPU:
Memory: 4GB RAM
OS: Windows 10
Used to develop the system.
Printer HP Deskjet 2520 Series Used to print all the documentation for the
project.
External Hard Disk To store all the data and acts as backup
for the project.
Table 3.2: Hardware Requirement
20
3.4 System Design and Modelling
The system design for Class Reservation Mobile Application such as context
diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagram (ERD) are
explained in detailed. Data modelling is required to facilitate the interaction between
system designer, programmer and end-user. Making an early modelling can help to
identify the needs, problem and possible solutions during the project.
3.4.1 Context Diagram (CD)
Figure 3.2: Context Diagram
Figure above shows the context diagram for Class Reservation Mobile
Application. The Class Reservation Mobile Application process is at the centre of the
diagram. The two entities (ADMIN and USER) are placed between the central
process. There are seven data flows that are involved in the interaction between the
central process and the entities. The ADMIN entity has two outgoing data flow which
are LOGIN and MANAGE CLASS but has one incoming data flows which are
RESERVATION REPORTS. Finally, USER entity has three outgoing data flow
21
which are LOGIN, MAKE RESERVATION and UPDATE RESERVATION but has
one incoming data flows which are RESERVATION REPORT.
3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0
Figure 3.3: DFD Level 0
The DFD has two entities which are ADMIN and USER. There are six
processes involved in the system which are LOGIN, MAKE RESERVATION,
UPDATE RESERVATION REPORT, MANAGE CLASS and RESERVATION
22
REPORT. There are five data stores created in the system which are ADMIN, USER,
CLASS, and RESERVATION. The flow of the system is like below:
1. ADMIN enters login info to the LOGIN process which outputs admin info into
ADMIN data store.
2. ADMIN enters class info to MANAGE CLASS process which outputs class info
into CLASS data store and time info into TIME TABLE data store.
3. ADMIN enters admin info to RESERVATION REPORT process which outputs
user info are retrieved from USER data store, class info from CLASS data store and
reservation info from RESERVATION data store respectively to RESERVATION
REPORT process as well. Then, RESERVATION REPORT process gave report
details to ADMIN.
4. USER enters login info to the LOGIN process which outputs user info into USER
data store.
5. USER enters reservation info to MAKE RESERVATION process which outputs
class info are retrieved from CLASS data store and time info from TIME TABLE
data store respectively to MAKE RESERVATION process and outputs reservation
info into RESERVATION data store.
6. USER enters reservation info to UPDATE RESERVATION process which
outputs reservation info into RESERVATION data store.
7. USER enters user info to RESERVATION REPORT process which outputs
reservation info are retrieved from RESERVATION data store. Then,
RESERVATION REPORT process gives report details to the USER.
23
3.4.3 Data flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1
3.4.3.1 Make Reservation
Figure 3.4: DFD Level 1 for Process 2.0
Description:
1. USER inserts reservation info to MAKE RESERVATION process. The
process sends reservation info into ASSIGN CLASS PROCESS.
2. Class info is retrieved from CLASS data store, time info is retrieved from
TIME TABLE data store to ASSIGN CLASS process and the process sends
reservation info into RESERVATION data store.
24
3.4.3.2 Update Reservation
Figure 3.5: DFD Level 1 for process 3.0
Description:
1. USER inserts reservation info to VIEW RESERVATION LIST process. The
process sends reservation info into RESERVATION data store.
2. USER inserts reservation info to CANCEL RESERVATIONS process. The
process sends reservation info into RESERVATION data store.
3. USER inserts reservation info to UPDATE RESERVATION process.
Reservation info is retrieved from RESERVATION data store to UPDATE
RESERVATION process and the process sends updated reservation info into
RESERVATION data store.
25
3.4.3.3 Reservation Report
Figure 3.6: DFD Level 1 for process 4.0
Description:
1. USER inserts user info to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.
2. Reservation info is retrieved from RESERVATION data store to VIEW
RESERVATION REPORT process.
3. The process sends report details to the USER.
26
3.4.3.4 Manage class
Figure 3.7: DFD Level 1 for process 5.0
Description:
1. ADMIN inserts class info to INSERT CLASS DETAILS process. The
process sends class info into CLASS data store.
2. ADMIN inserts class info to UPDATE CLASS process. Class info is
retrieved from CLASS data store to UPDATE CLASS process and the
process sends updated class info into CLASS data store.
3. ADMIN inserts class info to DELETE CLASS process. The process
sends class info into CLASS data store.
27
3.4.3.5 Reservation report
Figure 3.8: DFD Level 1 for process 6.0
Description:
1. ADMIN inserts admin info to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.
2. User info is retrieved from USER data store, class info is retrieved from
CLASS data store and time info is retrieved from TIME TABLE data store
to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.
3. VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process sends report details to ADMIN.
28
3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Figure 3.9: ERD for Class Reservation Mobile Application
Figure 3.9 shows the entity relationship diagram of the system. This diagram
shows the database and their entity that involve in the process for the system. All the
updated data in the data store is self-updated by user.
29
3.6 Conclusion
In this chapter, we discussed about the methodology used which is Iterative
and Incremental model. The main advantage of this model is that in case there is any
changes request or enhancements come in between any phase, changes can be
implemented at a very little cost. It also helps me to develop the system by identifying
the hardware and software requirements, context diagram and data flow diagram.
Every phase in the system development follows the project methodology.
Recommended