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Coconut Oil and Palm kernel Oil
U. R. Sahasranamam (U.R.S)
Coconut and Palm kernel oils
• Applications of nuts• Application of crude oil• Application of refined oils• Qualities issues with CNO and PKO• Production and price trends• Oil Extraction methods• Fractionation methods• Lauric specialty fats
Coconut palm
Applications of Nuts
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Oriental food
Desiccated Coconut
Coconut Milk
Spray dried powder
Oil Extraction
Activated Carbon
Applications of Nuts -continued
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Offering in Hindu temples to invoke gods blessing – India, Malaysia, Singapore etc
Applications of Crude Oil
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Frying Oil -Oriental food – Cochin grade
Hair oil
Sun tan Oil
Oleo chemicals
Fractionation
Refined oil
Applications of Refined Oil
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Edible oil for - Frying
Sun tan Oil/Hair Oil
Spl fat fractionation
Oleo Chemicals
Ice-cream Industry
Hydrogenation
Industrial applications – Oleo Chemicals
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
C- 8 / C-10 feed stock – MCT feed stock
Oleic Acid –Feed stock
Applications of Fractions and Hydrogenated Oils and Fractions
Applications Coconut Palm Kernel
Hydrogenated Fat Non diary creamer, Ice-cream
Coating fat for confectionary
Non Hyd -Stearin fraction
Center filling Trans free non Hydro Coating fat
Hyd- Stearin fraction Cocoa butter substitute
Hyd Olein Fraction Creaming fat , wafer center fat
Non Hyd –Olein fraction
Ice-cream coating
Quality and other issues of Crude oils
Issues Coconut Palm Kernel
High color
High FFA
High PAH – Due to smoke drying (poly aromatic hydrocarbons)
High SAFA
Price Volatility –( Prone
to storm damage)
Growth Stagnation
Year wise production of CNO,PK Oil in Million MT ( source - Oil world)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
92/93 98/99 00/01 '02/03 '04/05 '06/07
PK OILCNO
Price trend 1999 - 2007 - Coconut Oil Vs. Palm Kernel O
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
-
1
1
1
Normal Premium
CNO/PKO Cif Rott Spread, USD/MT
300
400
500
600
700
800
3
4
5
6
7
8PKO Cif, USD/MT
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
3
4
5
6
7
8
9CNO Cif, USD/MT
Processing of Nuts
Processing type Coconut Palm Kernel
Full Pressing Very Common Very Common – Yield 44.5 to 45%
Pre pressing followed by solvent extraction
Very Common – Crude oil color and FFA high
Not practiced due to high hexane loss
Caustic refining Some times especially for high Colored oil to cut the
color
Generally not practiced due to high refining loss
Physical refining Common- RF 1.5% due to high short chain acids
Common – RF 1.35%
Direct extraction Not Common Practiced by 2 to 3 companies in the world –
Yield 48 - 48.5%
Solid fat Profile – Cocoa butter Vs Milk fat
0
20
40
60
80
10 20 30 40Temperature (C)
Solid
Fat
Con
tent
(%) COCOA BUTTER
MILK FAT
Fractionation – methods for PKO
• Static cooling in stationary trays and hydraulic pressing – High Labor cost
• Cooling in moving trays and hydraulic pressing – High Labor costs• Cooling in moving trays and HP membrane pressing – Low labor
costs – Increased capital cost• Cooling in membrane press type enclosures and HP pressing – min
labor cost but high capital cost• Cooling in High pressure press cavity followed by HP pressing in the
same press – Very high capital cost
Quality
General Specific
Safety Identity Application Sensory
Contaminants
MicrobiologyPesticidesInsecticidesHeavy metalsPAH
Processes
Refraction
Iodine value
Chromatography
Melting curve
Solidification curve
Pilot tests
FFA
Peroxyde value
Rancimat
Taste
Shelf life
Typical quality for Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil and Coconut Oil
Palm OilPALM KERNEL
OILCOCONUT
OIL
Saturated Fatty Acids (SAFA) 50 80 91Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) 40 17 8Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) 10 3 1Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) <1 <1 <1
Typical quality for Palm kernel oil and coconut oil- Fatty Acid Composition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
C6:0 C8:0 C10:0 C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0
(%)
PALM KERNEL OIL COCONUT OIL
Typical quality for Palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil- Fatty Acid Composition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
C6:0 C8:0 C10:0 C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0
(%)
PALM OIL PALM KERNEL OIL COCONUT OIL
Palm Kernel Oil and its fractions
PALM KERNEL OIL
PALM KERNEL OLEIN
PALM KERNEL STEARIN
Slip Melting Point (oC) 27.5 23.5 32
Solid Fat Content (%)
10 oC 71.3 55.5 94
20 oC 42.4 15.5 85.2
25 oC 16.0 0.4 70.5
30 oC 0.5 0 32.5
35 oC 0 0 0
40 oC 0 0 0
Solid Fat Content Profile of Hydrogenated Lauric oils
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Temperature OC
Solid Fat Content (%)
Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil
95.2 93.4 88.1 67.5 35.9 14.0 5.6
Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin
97.0 96.8 96.5 89.0 47.0 3.0 0.0
Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Olein
95.0 90.2 80.5 60.5 37.5 21.2 0
Fully Hydrogenated Coconut Oil
91.2 81.0 60.9 19.0 5.8 2.0 0.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Solid Fat Content Profile of hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin comparing with Cocoa Butter and Milk Fat
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Temperature (OC)
Solid Fat Content (%)
Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin 97.0 96.8 96.5 89.0 47.0 3.0 0.0
Cocoa Butter 88.4 86.5 81.5 70.6 46.4 2.2 0.0
MILK FAT 47.8 24.0 16.0 7.4 2.3 0.0 0.0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Palm
Gift from mother nature to the human kind
Relatively new crop
Marketing Strategy by the nature ??
Take one free one( two different type oils packed into one)
Thank You
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