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8/3/2019 Codes for Vessels(46-51)
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CODES FOR VESSELS/HEAT
EXCHANGERS
Avinash Nayak. (46)
Shrikantkumar Padhy (47)
Jitendra Patil (48)
Manoj Patil (49)
Ganeshprasad Pavaskar (51)
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History of pressure vessel codes
Boiler explosion on March 20, 1905 in Brockton,
Massachusetts. 58 killed and 117 injured.
Need of legislative rules and regulation for
construction of boilers. The first Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was
published in 1915.
Necessary changes made and new sections addedas need arose.
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What is a Code?
A code is a standard that has been adopted by
one or more governmental bodies and has the
force of law, or when it has been incorporatedinto a business contract.
Codes specify requirements of design,
fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure
vessels.
Number of national codes have been developedfor pressure vessels by different countries.
In India, the code for pressure vessels is IS-2825
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WHAT ARE ASME CODES?
It is a standard that provides rules for the
design, fabrication, and inspection of boilersand pressure.
This establishes and maintains design,construction and inspection standards
providing for maximum protection of life and
property.
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ASME Codes - Manufacturer A manufacturer obtains permission to use one of the
stamps through the ASME conformity assessment process.
The manufacturers quality control system is reviewed byan ASME team.
If it meets ASME requirements and the manufacturersuccessfully demonstrates implementation of the program,the manufacturer is accredited by ASME.
The manufacturer then may certify the product as meetingASME standards and apply the stamp to the product.
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Why follow ASME codes?
Excessive elastic deformation including elastic
instability Excessive plastic deformation
Brittle fracture
Stress rupture or creep deformation (inelastic)
Plastic instability and incremental collapse
High strain and low cycle fatigue
Stress corrosion
Corrosion fatigue
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ASME Codes - User
ASME Publications Catalog,
The ANSI Catalog of American National
Standards,
the US governments OSHA General IndustryStandards,
contact a standards organization directly.
http://www.asme.org/catalog
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ASME Codes User
Insurance
Replacement
Proper Compliance
- Size specific
- Jurisdiction
Proper ASME stamps
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The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is
as follows:1. Section I: Power Boilers
2. Section II: Material Specification:
i. Ferrous Material Specifications Part Aii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications Part B
iii. Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Part C
iv. Properties Part D
3. Section III Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1
and Division 2
i. Section III Division 1:
a. Subsection NA: General Requirements
b. Subsection NB: Class 1 Components
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Subsection NC: Class 2 Components
d. Subsection ND: Class 3 Components
e. Subsection NE: Class MC Components
f. Subsection NF: Component Supportsg. Subsection NG: Core Support Structures
h. Appendices: Code Case N-47 Class 1:
Components in Elevated Temperature Service Section III, Division 2: Codes for Concrete Reactor
Vessel and Containment
Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers
Section V: Nondestructive Examinations
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Section VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and
Operation of
Heating Boilers
Section VII: Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power
Boilers
Section VIII
i. Division 1: Pressure Vessels Rules for
Construction
ii. Division 2: Pressure Vessels Alternative Rules
Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications
Section X: Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
Section XI: Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear
Power Plant Components
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Stamps
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Nomenclature
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Example
A heat exchanger qualifies as a UM stamped
pressure vessel if:
- Design pressure < 15psig
- Internal volume < 1.5 cubic ft. for 150
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Example
A heat exchanger qualifies as a U stamped
pressure vessel if:
- Design pressure > 600 psig
- Internal volume > 1.5 cubic ft. for 150
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Comparison of pressure vessels
Item IS-2825 ASME Code
Section VIII
BS-5500 AD-
Merkblatter
Scope Unfired fusion
welded pressure
vessels
Pressure < 20
N/mm2
Do/Di < 1.5
Di > 150 mm
Water capacity >
50 litres
Welded, riveted,
forged and brazed
vessels
Water capacity>120
gal
Operating pressure >
15 psi
Di>6
Unfired fusion
welded pressure
vessels
Medium and
high pressure
storage vessels
Excludes
transportable
vessels.
Do/Di < 1.7
Vessels and
vessel parts
predominantly
under static
load.
materials Carbon and low
alloy steels, highalloy steel, Cu and
Cu alloys, Al and
alloys, bolting and
casting alloys
Same as IS-2825
Cast iron, linedmaterial cast iron,
ferritic steel
Carbon, ferritic
alloy(low andhigh) and
austenitic steels
All metallic
materials andgraphite, glass.
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Comparison of pressure vesselsItem IS-2825 ASME Code
Section VIII
BS-5500 AD-
Merkblatter
Designpressure
Maximum workingpressure including
static head + 5%
maximum working
pressure.
Maximumpressure at most
severe conditions
Maximumpressure at
most severe
conditions
Based onpermissible
service pressure
Designtempera
-ture
Highest metaltemperature
expected under
operating conditions
Actual metaltemperature
expected under
operating
conditions
Actual metaltemperature
expected
under
operating
conditions +
margin for
uncertainties
Highest walltemperature
expected under
working
conditions
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Comparion of pressure vessels
National code U.T.S Yield strength Sr(rupture
stress)
Creep stress
ASME: VIII
Div: 1
4 1.6 - 1
ASME: VIII
Div-2
3 1.5 - -
BS-1515 4 - - -
BS-1515Part II
2.5 1.5 1.5 1
BS-5500 2.35 1.5 1.3 1
ANCC - 1.5 1.5 -
IS-2825 3 1.5 1.5 1
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Explosions
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In spite of some of the most rigorous, well-
conceived safety rules and procedures ever put
together, boiler and pressure vessel accidents
continue to occur.
In 1980, for example, the National Board of Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Inspectors reported:
- 1972 boiler and pressure vessel accidents, 108injuries and 22 deaths.
The pressure vessel explosions are of course rare
nowadays and are often caused by incorrectoperation or poorly monitored corrosion.
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Safety in boiler and pressure vessels can be
achieved by:
Proper design and construction
Proper maintenance and inspection
Proper operator performance and vessel operation
Recommended