Coming to America!

Coming to America!

Do Now

Today is a Day of Opportunity

• What are the objectives of today’s lesson?• Why do you think these objectives are

important?

Physical Features of U.S.

• With a partner, complete the CHALLENGE

• Once complete, place this on page 8 of your INB

Roanoke: The Lost Colony

• Sir Walter Raleigh (English explorer) – first sees Roanoke in 1584– Brings 2 natives back with him– Queen Elizabeth so impressed, grants open

ticket to claim all lands around Roanoke

Roanoke: The Lost Colony• 1585: Sends 100 men to settle Roanoke

– They arrive late in season = little food supply– Leader of settlement = Ralph Lane

• He is a military man, runs a tight ship

– Dissatisfaction is high, men choose to leave when can

• Sir Francis Drake takes them home

Roanoke: The Lost Colony

Let’s try this again: Trip #2 (1587)• John White = Leader

– Men, women, and children– First English settler born in New World =

Virginia Dare

Roanoke: The Lost Colony

• White called back to England– Plans to return to Roanoke immediately– Gets stuck in England for THREE YEARS!!

• Returns to find no one…•http://www.history.com/videos/in-search-of-history-lost-colony-of-roanoke#in-search-of-history-lost-colony-of-roanoke

Power in England Shifts

• March 1603: Elizabeth I dies; James I becomes king

The Virginia Company• A joint stock company tasked with settling

the colony of Virginia– Charter created the company in 1606 (King

James I)

• What is a joint stock company?– A group of investors who believed they could

make money [find gold] by moving people to America.

Disney’s Portrayal

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfNRRVSndA4

Do Now

• Which English explorer was highly intrigued by Roanoke and pushed for settlement?

• What is the Virginia Company?

Charters of Virginia• 1st Charter (1606)

– King of England gives permission for companies to settle in North America

• 2nd Charter (1609)– Allows the joint stock company to enforce the laws of

England

• 3rd Charter (1612)– Establishes additional laws for those living in America

English Settlements

• Council (governing body) chosen by the Virginia Company (in Britain)– Did not open documents until landed

Jamestown (1607)

Jamestown

• First PERMANENT English colony• Leader: John Smith (not known until land)• Pros: Strategic locations, not inhabited by

Native Americans• Cons: On marshland, mosquitoes, lack of

fresh water

Jamestown: DRAMA!• 144 men landed in Jamestown.

– What were these men looking for?

• Didn’t know how to farm or raise livestock.• Many refused to do manual labor.• By end of first year only 1/3 remained

– Starvation, disease

John Smith and Jamestown

• “He who does not work, will not eat”

• December 1607: Smith captured by Powhatans– Pocahontas: Relationship aided Jamestown

Jamestown: STARVING!1609-1610

• October 1609: John Smith to England– Native American relations deteriorate– Trade lacking

• 440 of 500 die• Survivors seek to abandon colony

– Intercepted by new governor

John (#2) and Jamestown

• John Rolfe – Commercialization of tobacco– Marries Pocahontas

Plymouth (1620)The Pilgrims!

• 2nd permanent colony• The Pilgrims or Puritans (Protestant

Separatists) leave Europe in September of 1620.

• 102 passengers aboard the Mayflower.

Plymouth

• Would not have survived if not for Squanto, a member of the Wampanoag tribe.– Taught farming, fishing, and translated

We have settlements….Where go from here?

• Full on COLONIES!!!• What, what?! We are here to STAY!!

• Each of the original 13 was settled for a unique reason

Do Now

List the colonies that are a part of:

1. The Southern region

2. The Middle region

3. `The New England region

Do Now

• How are the economies of New England, the Middle region, and the Southern region different from one another?

New England Colonies• Why they came…

– Religious freedom

Puritans and Pilgrims: Didn’t want to have the King as leader of church

Religious Groups in Colonies• Pilgrims: Fleeing

persecution in England– Sought to separate from

Church of England– Mayflower Plymouth– Idea of religious freedom:

To separate from Church of England

• Puritans: Advocated strict religious discipline; sought to “purify” their church– John Winthrop

Massachusetts Bay Colony

– Idea of religious freedom: They worship to serve God in way they saw fit

Middle Colonies

• Why they came…

– Religious freedom

Quakers (tolerant, peaceful)

– Economic opportunity

Shipping, trading, farming, fishing

Religious Groups Cont’d

• Quakers: Reject formal ministry and formal ways of worship– William Penn Pennsylvania: Most tolerant of

various religions

Southern Colonies

• Why they came…

– Economic opportunity

Cavaliers: Noblemen who receive land grants

Plantations: large scale farms

Which religious group would you have preferred to be a part of?

Why?

Government, represent!

• Magna Carta (1215)– King John grants rights to all “freemen of our

kingdom” limits his own power• Established concept of “no taxation without

representation”• Established Parliament

Mayflower Compact (1620): The Deets

• The FIRST written framework for self-government– Trying to keep people inline, not setup permanent

gov’t

• Mayflower passengers agreed:– To live in an organized gov’t and obey laws

Mayflower Compact (1620)

• Sets foundation for covenant communities– Community bound together by commitment to

a governing document

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• Considered 1st Constitution written in colonies• Aims to set up permanent gov’t that involves the people

How are the Mayflower Compact and Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut different from one another? How are they similar?

Other Acts of Self-Government

• New England: Town meetings People discussed and solved local issues

• Virginia: House of Burgesses (1619)– 1st elected legislature in colonies– 12 other colonies followed suit

How does the establishment of the House of Burgesses affect your life

today?

Stirring of Rights

• Zenger Trial: Right to express yourself– 1734: Speak poorly about gov’t Go to jail– Zenger (a printer) does just that– His lawyer argues that public should have right to

protest against abuses of power

Wake-up, Colonies

• The Great Awakening: A religious revival that encouraged people to question authority– Thought truth in Bible, not man-made laws

What is going to be the impact of the Great Awakening?

Posters!• You are to create an advertisement for one of the

original 13 colonies. • You must include:

– The name of your colony– The region your colony is in– Economic, social, and political factors that would

make someone want to live there.

NOT GUILTY!!

• Zenger Trial promotes idea that press should have right to print truth EVEN if that means saying something bad about gov’t

Albany Plan of Union

• Ben Franklin: The colonies should ban together for self defense• …We should be like the Iroquois and have a

confederation

• Parliament: Uh…we don’t think so.– We don’t want to have our authority threatened

Tolerance (?)

• Act of Religious Toleration (1649)– Maryland passes

• Catholics and Protestants had not been getting along

– No Christian could be “troubled” because s/he is practicing own religion

– Did NOT apply to non-Christians

House of Burgesses

• Main order of business was to make laws and oversee taxes

• Has operated non-stop since 1619– Today it is known as the VA General Assembly