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Community-based Renewable Energy towards Sustainable
Grassroots Communities
Engr. Nazario R. CacayanExecutive Director
Yamog Renewable Energy Development Group, Inc.
Renewable Energy Summit 2011SM City Cebu, Mandaue City
March 8, 2011
Mindanao
More than 10% of barangays in Mindanao are unenergized ( 2008)
Degradation of forest lands and major watershed
Abundance of water resources that can be harnessed for micro hydro power generation
Lack of access to basic social services
High poverty incidence ( rural areas)
No electricity: 4 in every 10 poor familiesIn 2002, among poorest 40% of families, as
much as four in every 10 families did not have electricity at home.
Regions with a bigger proportion (than national average) of poorest families not having electricity:
Southern Mindanao (incldg Southwestern Mda) (45.7%)
Caraga (45.7%)Western Mindanao (62.8%)Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (69.7%)
Phils. R.E. Resources
• Geothermal Resource – 1,200 MW• Hydropower - 10,500 MW • Wind resources – 76,600 MW • Micro-hydro – untapped vast potentials• Solar Energy – untapped vast potential
as a tropical country• Ocean energy - 170,000 MW• Biomass (bagasse) total potential of
235.7 MW
Yamog Renewable Energy Development Group, Inc. (an NGO, established in 1993)
1. COMMUNITY-BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY AND WATER
2. ENVIRONMENT/RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Community Development
1. Social preparations/Community capacity Building
Consultations on renewable energy Technical (Operation and maintenance, basic
electricity, etc. Organizational development (program mgt.,
finance, tariff setting, energy audit, bookkeeping, conflict resolution, decision making, etc.)
Technology development • Pre-feasibility/
Feasibility( social, technical and financial)
• System Installation
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Training on Operation
and Maintenance
Environment/Resource Management
• Watershed Resource Management
Nursery Establishment ( indigenous species and fruit trees)
Outplanting
Monitoring and Evaluation
IMPLEMENTED COMMUNITY-BASED MICRO HYDROPOWER
Mabini, Tubajon, Surigao del Norte (5kW)
Megkawayan, Calinan, Davao City (3kW)
Saloy, Calinan Dist., Davao City (10kW)
Polocon, Lamanan, Calinan, Davao City (6kW)
Marahan. Marilog Dist., Davao City (20kW)Maglahus, Cateel, Davao
Oriental (15kW)
Sangab, Caraga, Davao Oriental (10kW)
Chua, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat (12kW)
Lam - alis, Colombio, Sultan Kudarat (10kW)
Dumalaguing, Impasugong, Bukidnon (20kW)
Karim/Minabay, Buldon, Shariff Kabunsuan (38kW)
Sapad, Matanog, Shariff Kabunsuan (45kW)
Micolabo, Picong, Lanao del Sur (40kW)
Kirongdong, Magpet, North Cotabato (20kW)
Malumpeny, Makilala, North Cotabato (15kW)
Tablo, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato (12kW)
Upper, Sepaka, Suralla, South Cotabato (40kW)
Legend:
IP Communities
Muslim Communities
Christian
Micro hydropower projects
Installed about 21 community-based microhydro power systems in Mindanao and Visayas
total power generating capacities of 363 kW
( 6 -45 kW) ; average cost = P 150,000-250,000/kW
electricity and other productive end uses: milling
2,480 households ( 12,000 population)
bundling them together, an estimated total
of 1,645 metric tonnes CO2 annually being avoided
0
50
100
150
200
250
Polocon,Calinan, Davao
City
Tuamnding,Arakan, North
Cotabato
Chua,Bagumbayan,
Sultan Kudarat
Dumalaguing,Bukidnon
Lake Sebu,South
Cotabato
Brgy. Balea,Negros
O ccidental
Brgy. Sapad,Shariff
Kabungsuan
Areas with Micro Hydropwer
Power Capacity in kW No. of Households
MHP Projects
Yamog Inc.
Financing Strategies:
Community counterpart: 10-15 % -sweat equity
and household wirings
LGU Counterpart : 5-10% food for work and
other materials
Grants: 80%
Yamog, Inc.
Financial SustainabilityTariff structure:
• capital replacement fund• operations and maintenance• community development fund• watershed protection fund
Project Impacts
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS:• Households with access to quality lighting and
milling.
Change in energy use pattern from kerosene to electricity.
Increased Income – savings from transportation
in milling, weaving production of traditional loom weaving, etc.
School children’s quality study at night enhancement.
• Community solidarity enhanced, peace and order conditions improved.
Yamog, Inc.An indigenous T’boli woman doing traditional loom weaving. Before the electricity comes (12 kW), she does the loom weaving during daytime. But now with the electricity from the hydro, she can weave and be more productive during night time. (Tablo, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato)
Project Impacts
Environmental Sustainability:
Watershed management and protection enhance ecosystem services (water, biodiversity,
etc.)
Climate change mitigation (displacement of carbon dioxide thus reducing
greenhouse gases) ex: 10 kilowatts micro hydropower displaced 67
tonnes Carbon dioxide annually
environmental governance
eco-efficiency
Success Factors
1. Financially self-sustaining projects have cash generating (usually day time) and increase the use of plant factor (load factor).
2. The income generated helps community development projects, maintains the system, and enhances watershed management and protection.
Success Factors
3.Local capacities to fabricate,manage, operate and maintain micro hydro projects.
4.Effective lobbying with the LGUs for the allocation of resources and formulation of favorable policies for MHP devt and watershed protection.
5. Well-prepared community and active community participation with strong sense of community ownership
Success Factors
6. Multi stakeholders partnership (community, PO, NGO, LGU, private sector and other civil society)
7. Watershed management and rehabilitation through replanting of indigenous tree species and fruit trees.
Challenges 1. Project funds for community-based
renewable energy systems are limited and difficult to access.
2. Sustainability of some MHP primarily for household electricity and without productive end-uses like agricultural processing.
3. The emerging climate change has already created adverse impacts as regards rainfall patterns and river flows
Moving Forward
Replication and scaling-up of micro hydro power systems entail multi sectoral partnership, political and financial support for an energy corridor approach.
Enhanced community capacity building ( including enterprise development, pool of trained technicians and managers)
Diversification of productive end-uses ( income generating activities) towards sustainability and promotion of local economy.
Need for an integrated development approach including watershed management and enhancement of local environment as a climate change adaptation strategy
Moving Forward
ConclusionsCommunity-based micro hydropower as an integrated rural development strategy promotes electrification, social benefits, local economy and environmental protection.Off –grid communities with micro hydropower resources can access electricity with policy support from the LGU’s and multi stakeholders partnerships.RE Law needs to address the issue on rural electrification to reduce poverty and promote environmental protection in off grid communities.
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