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Comparison of Techniques for Isolating Equatorial Rossby Waves in Synoptic Studies
Carl J. Schreck, III Department of Earth and Atmospheric
SciencesUniversity at Albany, SUNY
Introduction
● This study investigates Equatorial Rossby (ER) wave activity in the Central Pacific during the September-November 1997, the peak of a very strong El Nino.
● These waves might be associated with three events of twin tropical cyclogenesis.
● Waves are examined using three methods:– Unfiltered data– 15-40 day band-pass time filter– Space-time filter
Space-time Filters● Wheeler and Kiladis (1999; hereafter WK99)
– n = 1 ER wave filter that is bounded by the dispersion curves for U = 0 and 8 m < h < 90 m
– Separates data into symmetric and antisymmetric components about the equator
● Roundy and Frank (2004) – ER wave filter expands beyond dispersion curves– Enforces no symmetry constraints
● Yang et al. (2003)– Data are broadly filtered into eastward and westward
propagating components– Each component is then projected onto the meridional
structure from shallow water modes– Allows for U ≠ 0
Unfiltered Hovmöller
•850 hPa u contoured every 3 m s-1, with westerlies in red and easterlies in blue, averaged 2.5°S-2.5°N
•Tb below 290 K shaded in 25 K intervals, averaged 10°S-10°N
•Locations of tropical cyclogenesis within 10.5° of equator, with open symbols for SH
15-40 Day Hovmöller
•850 hPa u contoured every 1 m s-1, with westerlies in red and easterlies in blue, averaged 2.5°S-2.5°N
•Tb shaded every 5 K, with negative anomalies in warm colors and positive anomalies in cool colors, averaged 10°S-10°N
•Locations of tropical cyclogenesis within 10.5° of equator, with open symbols for SH
WK99 ER band filtered Hovmöller•850 hPa u contoured every 0.5 m s-1, with westerlies in red and easterlies in blue, averaged 2.5°S-2.5°N
•Tb shaded every 2.5 K, with negative anomalies in warm colors and positive anomalies in cool colors, averaged 10°S-10°N
•Locations of tropical cyclogenesis within 10.5° of equator, with open symbols for SH
15-40 Day Hovmöller
•850 hPa u contoured every 1 m s-1, with easterly anomalies dashed
•Black line indicates objective wave tracks
15-40 Day Hovmöller
•850 hPa u contoured every 1 m s-1, with easterly anomalies dashed
•Black line indicates objective wave tracks
•Magenta line indicates linear best-fit of wave tracks
•Green numbers show best-fit phase speed (m s-1)
•Blue numbers show r2 values
-3.480.71
-4.820.89
-4.670.92
WK99 ER band filtered Hovmöller
•850 hPa u contoured every 1 m s-1, with easterly anomalies dashed
•Black line indicates objective wave tracks
•Magenta line indicates linear best-fit of wave tracks
•Green numbers show best-fit phase speed (m s-1)
•Blue numbers show r2 values
-5.400.99
-4.731.00
-4.531.00
Interaction with Background Convergence
Time-filtered variance
Background zonal wind
Background zonal divergence
Space-timefiltered variance
Unfiltered Map•850 hPa wind vectors
•850 hPa heights contoured every 10 m
•Tb below 290 K shaded in 25 K intervals
Time-Filtered Map•850 hPa wind anomaly vectors
•850 hPa height anomalies contoured every 3 m, with positive anomalies in red and negative anomalies in blue
•Tb shaded every 5 K, with negative anomalies in warm colors and positive anomalies in cool colors
Asymmetric Space-Time Filtered Map•850 hPa wind anomaly vectors
•850 hPa height anomalies contoured every 2 m, with positive anomalies in red and negative anomalies in blue
•Tb shaded every 2.5 K, with negative anomalies in warm colors and positive anomalies in cool colors
Symmetric Space-Time Filtered Map•850 hPa wind anomaly vectors
•850 hPa height anomalies contoured every 2 m, with positive anomalies in red and negative anomalies in blue
•Tb shaded every 2.5 K, with negative anomalies in warm colors and positive anomalies in cool colors
Summary
● Unfiltered Data– Strengths
● No concerns about artificial signals● Easy in real-time
– Weaknesses● Waves obscured by other features
Summary
● 15-40 Day Band-pass Filtered Data– Strengths
● Wave packet shows clearly in Hovmöller● Variance increases in a region of background zonal
convergence● Wind-height relationship resembles idealized mode
– Weaknesses● Difficult to determine phase speed
Summary
● WK99 Space-time Filter– Strengths
● Clearly separates each wave type● Smooth westward propagation● Waves can be clearly identified in maps, particularly
with symmetry constraints– Weaknesses
● Low amplitude● More difficult to examine the relationship between
filtered variance and zonal divergence
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