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Computational Design + Fabrication
Jonathan Bachrach
EECS UC Berkeley
August 27, 2015
Today 1
introductionthing compilerdemoscourse info
Traditional Architectural Design 2
Parametric Design 3
parametersconstraints
Traditional Robot Design 4
Trouble with Traditional 3D Design 5
manually intensivehard to keep in syncdifficult to learnbrittle – hard to parameterizedisconnected from fabrication
Traditional Fabrication 6
Traditional Fabrication / Manufacturing 7
is manually intensiveis difficult/dangerous/slow to toolshas a distribution bottleneck
What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 8
What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 9
make hardware more like software?automating design + fabricationnew computer based fabrication machinesusing software techniques
Why is it so important? 10
1/4 economy based on manufacturing of physical goodsmany people do repetitive / dull jobstremendous latent creativity
Industrial Revolutions 11
set of technogies that vastly amplify productivity of peoplefewer people in society needed for bare essentials:
food, clothing, sheltermore time spent on
ideas, invention, learning, politics, the arts, and creativity
Previous Industrial Revolutions 12
1 1700s – textiles – invention of invention2 1850s – steel + transportation + assembly line
Third Revolution 13
hardware as softwarejust in time manufacturing
The Economist
Rise of the Artisan 14
affordable JIT manufacturingrise of the artisanincreases entrepreneurshipmass customization
HW as SW + Information 15
designs as information – file formatsnetwork effect – sharingremix culture – rip, mod, fabmanufacture local or global
Design + Fabrication Loop 16
designcompilationevaluationfabrication
design compile
eval fab
3D Printing 17
additive manufacturing many diffent kinds
The ten principles of 3D printing ** 18
1 complexity is free2 variety is free3 no assembly required4 zero lead time5 unlimited design space6 zero skill manufacturing7 compact, portable manufacturing8 less waste by-product9 infinite shades of materials
10 precise physical replication
** Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman
What are 3DP challenges? 19
3d designlimited materials, scalemulti-materialbig datasimulation + evaluationinadmissible inputs
Practical CNC Machines 20
cutterslaservinylwater jet
mills3 axis5 axis
miscellaneouswire bender
What are CNC challenges? 21
softwareclunkyambiguous inputsometimes manualnot WYSIWYGno nesting
assemblystill manual
Traditional Design for Manufacturing 22
design twicelabor intensive
New Design for Manufacturing 23
design onceall design manufacturableall problems shown up front in design
human out of the loop
Declarative Design 24
what not howgoals + constraintsoptimization
Computational Design of Mechanical Characters – Disney Research
Constructive Solid Geometry 25
primitives + operations + transformations
CSG + Programming Language 26
abstraction -> reusereplication etc
Generators 27
thing functionsparameters sweep spacewhat are parameters?
=>
Example Shape Generator 28
Shape Grammars 29
Example L-system Uses 30
Emergence 31
Pattern Formation 32
Thing Languages 33
specificationtransformationexample skeleton + skinning
Software Compilers 34
human-readable source into machine-executable object codeintermediate representation + passesfront-end, optimizer, back-end
Compiler Basics 35
Thing Compilers 36
high-level conceptual design text inputfabrication machine code outputtowards an architecture compiler
Slicer 37
3d mesh into slicesslotslabelslayoutinstructions
Compiler Toolkits 38
modularize compiler into librarycompiler is set of passescan write new passesexplosion in languages and backends
Design Space Exploration 39
combination of DSE + compilersoptimization techniquevisualization
Future Design 40
healinggrowingprogrammable shapes
Future Fabrication 41
robotic constructionfeedback loop with materials
ETH University + Gramazio Kohler Research
References 42
Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, MelbaKurmanMakers: The New Industrial Revolution, by Chris AndersonMakers, by Cory DoctorowThe Third Industrial Revolution, The Economist
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