Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Conceptual Physical...

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Conceptual PhysicalScience

5th Edition

Chapter 10:

Waves andSound

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A wiggle in time is a

A. vibration.

B. wave.

C. both of these.

D. neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A wiggle in time is a

A. vibration.

B. wave.

C. both of these.

D. neither of these.

Comment:

And a wiggle in time that transports energy from one place to another is a wave.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When we consider how frequently a pendulum swings to and fro, we’re talking about its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When we consider how frequently a pendulum swings to and fro, we’re talking about its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Comment:

And when we talk about the time that occurs for one complete vibration, we’re talking about its period.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The speed of sound in air at room temperature is about

A. 300,000,000 m/s.

B. 340 m/s.

C. 100 m/s.

D. 1000 m/s.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The speed of sound in air at room temperature is about

A. 300,000,000 m/s.

B. 340 m/s.

C. 100 m/s.

D. 1000 m/s.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Explanation:

Note the inverse relationship: = 1/T, T = 1/. So, we can also say the period of a wave is the inverse of its frequency.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its

A. frequency.

B. period.

C. wavelength.

D. amplitude.

Explanation:

The wavelength of a transverse wave is also the distance between adjacent troughs, or between any adjacent identical parts of the waveform.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second. The frequency of these vibrations is

A. 50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

B. 1/50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.

C. 50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.

D. 1/50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

In Europe, an electric razor completes 50 vibrations within 1 second. The frequency of these vibrations is

A. 50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

B. 1/50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.

C. 50 Hz with a period of 50 seconds.

D. 1/50 Hz with a period of 1/50 second.

Explanation:

Note when = 50 Hz, T = 1/ = 1/(50 Hz) = 1/50 second.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Compared with the speed of a sound wave, a radio wave travels

A. most often, faster.B. faster always in all conditions.C. about the same speed as a sound wave in the same temperature

air.D. slower under some conditions.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Compared with the speed of a sound wave, a radio wave travels

A. most often, faster.B. faster always in all conditions.C. about the same speed as a sound wave in the same temperature

air.D. slower under some conditions.

Explanation:A radio wave is electromagnetic, and travels at the speed of light!

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you dip your finger repeatedly onto the surface of still water, you produce waves. The more frequently you dip your finger, the

A. lower the wave frequency and the longer the wavelengths.

B. higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.

C. Strangely, both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you dip your finger repeatedly onto the surface of still water, you produce waves. The more frequently you dip your finger, the

A. lower the wave frequency and the longer the wavelengths.

B. higher the wave frequency and the shorter the wavelengths.

C. Strangely, both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction

A. along the wave.

B. perpendicular to the wave.

C. Both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction

A. along the wave.

B. perpendicular to the wave.

C. Both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Comment:

And the vibrations along a transverse wave are at right angles to the direction of wave travel.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A common example of a longitudinal wave is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A common example of a longitudinal wave is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Comment:

And a common example of a transverse wave is light.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The kind of wave produced by a vibrating source is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The kind of wave produced by a vibrating source is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. Neither of the above.

Comment:

The source of all waves is a vibrating source.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The kind of wave whose speed is given by the equationspeed = frequency wavelength is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The kind of wave whose speed is given by the equationspeed = frequency wavelength is

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The reflection of a sound wave is known as its

A. pitch.

B. harmony.

C. echo.

D. virtual image.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The reflection of a sound wave is known as its

A. pitch.

B. harmony.

C. echo.

D. virtual image.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Low-pitched sounds have

A. low frequencies.

B. long periods.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Low-pitched sounds have

A. low frequencies.

B. long periods.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Explanation:

A low frequency has a long period. If you missed this, be careful in answering too quickly.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The speed of sound varies with

A. amplitude.

B. frequency.

C. temperature.

D. All of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The speed of sound varies with

A. amplitude.

B. frequency.

C. temperature.

D. All of the above.

Explanation:

Although loudness varies with amplitude, and pitch varies with frequency, speed is not influenced by amplitude and frequency. If it were, sitting in the back row at a concert would be quite confusing.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When an object is set vibrating by a wave that has a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the object, what occurs is

A. forced vibration.

B. resonance.

C. refraction.

D. diffraction.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When an object is set vibrating by a wave that has a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the object, what occurs is

A. forced vibration.

B. resonance.

C. refraction.

D. diffraction.

Comment:

Resonance occurs when you tune a radio to an incoming radio signal.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The law of reflection applies to

A. light.

B. sound.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The law of reflection applies to

A. light.

B. sound.

C. Both of the above.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Compared with a dry road, seeing is difficult when driving at night on a wet road. Why?

A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.

B. Wet road usually means a wet windshield.

C. Wet road usually means more vapor in the air.

D. There is no reason—that’s just the way it is.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Compared with a dry road, seeing is difficult when driving at night on a wet road. Why?

A. Wet surface is smooth with less diffuse reflection, part of which would otherwise reach the driver’s eyes.

B. Wet road usually means a wet windshield.

C. Wet road usually means more vapor in the air.

D. There is no reason—that’s just the way it is.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Refraction occurs when a wave travels from

A. air to water.

B. water to air.

C. a dense part of a medium to a less dense part, air for example.

D. All of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Refraction occurs when a wave travels from

A. air to water.

B. water to air.

C. a dense part of a medium to a less dense part, air for example.

D. All of the above.

Explanation:

Refraction occurs when the speed of wave travel changes.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

An object’s natural frequency depends on its

A. elasticity.

B. shape.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

An object’s natural frequency depends on its

A. elasticity.

B. shape.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Explanation:

In order for an object to vibrate, it needs to have enough force to pull itself back to its starting position as well as enough energy to maintain its vibration.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Interference is a property of

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Interference is a property of

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Explanation:

See Figure 10.22 to see illustrations of both light and sound interference. Interestingly, the presence of interference tells a physicist whether something is wavelike or not. All types of waves can interfere.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When a fire engine approaches you, the

A. speed of its sound increases.

B. frequency of sound increases.

C. wavelength of its sound increases.

D. All increase.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When a fire engine approaches you, the

A. speed of its sound increases.

B. frequency of sound increases.

C. wavelength of its sound increases.

D. All increase.

Comment:

Be sure you distinguish between sound, speed, and sound frequency.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Doppler effect occurs for

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Doppler effect occurs for

A. sound.

B. light.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Explanation:

The Doppler effect occurs for sound (Figure 10.32) and for light, the red and blue shifts discussed in Section 10.8.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

What does NOT occur with the Doppler effect are changes in

A. frequency due to motion.

B. the speed of sound due to motion.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

What does NOT occur with the Doppler effect are changes in

A. frequency due to motion.

B. the speed of sound due to motion.

C. Both of these.

D. Neither of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The regions of a standing wave with zero amplitude are known as

A. overtones.

B. antinodes.

C. troughs.

D. nodes.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The regions of a standing wave with zero amplitude are known as

A. overtones.

B. antinodes.

C. troughs.

D. nodes.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Sound waves can be cancelled by the process of

A. multiple reflections.

B. double refraction.

C. resonance.

D. None of these.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Sound waves can be cancelled by the process of

A. multiple reflections.

B. double refraction.

C. resonance.

D. None of these.

Comment:

Waves in general can be cancelled by interference.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together, one will hear

A. louder sound.

B. fainter sound.

C. a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.

D. two simultaneous sounds at the same time.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

When two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together, one will hear

A. louder sound.

B. fainter sound.

C. a succession of alternating loud and faint sounds.

D. two simultaneous sounds at the same time.

Comment:

One hears beats.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The lowest frequency of vibration in a musical instrument is known as the

A. fundamental frequency.

B. beat.

C. second harmonic.

D. last harmonic.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The lowest frequency of vibration in a musical instrument is known as the

A. fundamental frequency.

B. beat.

C. second harmonic.

D. last harmonic.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The source of a sonic boom

A. must itself be an emitter of sound.

B. is not an emitter of sound.

C. may or may not be an emitter of sound.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The source of a sonic boom

A. must itself be an emitter of sound.

B. is not an emitter of sound.

C. may or may not be an emitter of sound.

D. None of the above.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A sonic boom is the result of wave

A. interference.

B. resonance.

C. superposition.

D. reflection and refraction.

Conceptual Physical Science 5e — Chapter 10

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

A sonic boom is the result of wave

A. interference.

B. resonance.

C. superposition.

D. reflection and refraction.