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Ben Bond Joseph Bishop
Department of Geography, Masters in Geographic Information Systems
(MGIS), The Pennsylvania audience State University, University Park, PA 16802
• Introduction • Background About Lake Erie
• Study Area
• Watershed Assessment
• Goals and Objectives
• Methods • IBI Calculation
• Sample Regions
• Workflow
• Analysis
• Results
• Discussion
Western Basin of Lake Erie Historic Problems with
Algal Blooms
Increased Blooms in Recent History
Ecological Shift
Water Processing
Study Area Maumee River Basin
Largest Watershed in Great Lakes
Major Contributor to Lake Erie
Land Cover Dominantly Agriculture
Fertile land from Great Black Swamp
Limited Riparian Vegetation
Watershed Assessment Health Metrics
Chemistry Short Term
Biological Long Term
Ohio Bioassessment Very well supported
Large Database, records since 1974
Ohio Credible data program
Goals and Objectives Goal
to support management efforts and to preserve freshwater in the Western Basin of Lake Erie
Objectives
Quantifying watershed health
Analyzing land use within sample site zones
Performing multiple regression analysis to determine impact of land use on IBI ratings
Methods Delineate Catchment Basins, Riparian buffer zones
and local (1 km circle buffer)
Calculate IBI values
Summarize land use according to each sample point extraction zones
Perform stepwise multiple regression to determine significant factors
Sample Points 20 Years 10 Years
IBI Calculation Calculated according to
12 Ohio EPA metrics
Ranked on a score of 5-60
Attainment classes
Catchment Basins and Buffer zones 3 Zones examined
Catchment
Riparian Buffer
Local 1km Buffer
All water flowing into sample point across landscape
Calculated based on DEM processing
NHDplus DEM FDR & FAC
Workflow
Analysis Determine impact of land use within catchment basins
compared to IBI
Exploratory ANOVA to examine variance
Correlation Assessment
Stepwise Multiple Regression
Results Min 1st Quartile Mean 2nd Quartile Max
IBI 0 26 31.16 38 58
Water % 0 0.10 0.51 0.71 25.00
Dev % 0 7.12 14.24 12.40 100.00
Barren % 0 0.00 0.27 0.11 100.00
Forest % 0 4.20 6.76 8.30 58.00
Shrub % 0 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.53
Herb % 0 0.57 1.10 1.58 9.02
Ag % 0 70.92 74.51 84.54 100.00
Wetld % 0 0.06 2.07 2.35 100.00
20% 0 94.66 92.69 98.07 100.00
40% 0 1.18 3.13 2.60 100.00
60% 0 0.33 2.34 1.53 100.00
80% 0 0.10 0.69 0.64 15.32
100% 0 0.06 0.65 0.51 13.60
ANOVA Exploratory
ANOVA to examine variance.
Performed on catchment basins and riparian buffer zones.
Catchment Riparian Buffer
F Value P Value F Value P Value
Water% -- -- 10.717 0.01
Dev % 104.159 0.001 66.138 0.001
Herb % 5.196 0.05 10.126 0.01
Ag % 18.232 0.001 -- --
Wetld % 3.061 0.1 46.433 0.001
20% 84.531 0.001 50.283 0.001
40% -- -- 3.475 0.1
60% 3.780 0.1 5.349 0.05
Correlation Assessment
Stepwise Multiple Regression Catchment Basins
𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 40%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 +𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 80%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠
Riparian Buffer Zone
𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 +𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑏 + 20% 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 40%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠
Local Buffer Zone
𝐼𝐵𝐼~ 100%𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 + 𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛 +𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙
Discussion Developed land within catchment basin strongest negative
influence on IBI scores
For both catchment and riparian buffer
Unlikely in local buffer
Wetland strongest positive influence on IBI scores
Highly significant at all levels
Possibly less disturbance
Agriculture not identified as significantly impacting IBI
Possibly hidden due to overwhelming majority
Additional stream interactions may be hidden.
Further Studies Further Research
Addition elements
Stronger Predictive Models
Preservation of Lake Erie
Acknowledgements Joe Bishop
Richard Boulder
Leanne Greenlee
Nate Tessler
Molly Morris and the Morris Lab
Kristina Bond
Questions? Ben Bond
bmb296@psu.edu
Joe Bishop jab190@psu.edu
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