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Dr. Krishna NemaliAssistant Professor, Controlled Environment Agriculture
Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue University
Visit us: www.purdue.edu/hla/sites/cea
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA)
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA)• integrates both science- and engineering-based approaches• involves growing crops under managed environments• improves productivity and optimizes resource use
Vegetables and ornamentals are major crops in CEA
CEA Vegetable Production & Local Food Movement
• Freshness• Safety• Improves local economy• Produce more in less area• Year-round availability of unique
varieties• Knowing where your food is coming
from!
Gothamgreens.com
Smithsonian.org
• Lettuce• Basil• Spinach• Microgreens• Tomatoes• Peppers• Melons• Sweet corn
Commonly grown vegetables in CEA
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
CEA establishments in the U.S.
Source: www.IBISWORLD.com
CEA Industry in the U.S.
1 billion
High Tunnels Greenhouses Vertical Farms
Engineering Technology Increases
CEA includes multiple platforms
Greenhouse based production
Greenhouse based production
Indoor or Vertical Farming
More is produced in less space
Positive impact on environment• Low water use (~80 to 90% reduction)• Less pollution from reduced pesticides and fertilizers runoff• Reduced soil erosion
Human welfare• Focus is on nutritious and high value crops like vegetables, greens and herbs• Increase in locally produced vegetables leading to increased consumption• Access to fresh vegetables
Impacts large population• Urban farms provide employment in local communities• Small business model, opportunities for unemployed youth• Produce is sold locally reduces the need for middlemen….this can lower prices for consumers
Vertical Farming: Benefits
• On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture
• Electrical energy costs for lighting can be 25 to 30% of operational costs
Electrical energy use in indoor agriculture
High yieldHigh Energy ConsumptionMedium Nutrients
Low yieldLow Energy ConsumptionHigh Nutrients
High yieldLow Energy ConsumptionMedium Nutrients
Bedding Plants Cut flowers Potted Plants
Perennials Foliage/Tropicals Succulents
CEA and Ornamentals
The art of floral arrangement also falls under floriculture
Source: USDA
Whole-sale value by crop in the US
California and Florida rank as top two states
Many career paths exist for floriculture majors
• Research• Education• Production management• Writing & communication• Sales & Marketing• Parks & gardens• Owner & entrepreneur
You get to travel !!
Floriculture is served by many large companies
Photoperiod modification to produce colored bracts in poinsettias
Is there a market for poinsettias after Christmas?
Controlling temperature to target Easter lily for the market
Supplemental lighting to produce year-round
Marketing….chain/mass merchandising stores
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