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Course Evaluations
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Drivers of Climate ChangeIPAT and more
The IntersectionBetween
Risk, Poverty, Resilience, Culture, and Technology(An IWAC vs. IPAT discussion)
• Different Cultures will have differential impacts due to what they value• Sociological pressures dictate a great deal about consumption• Ability to mitigate one’s ecological impact is the same as resilience• The risk/poverty nexus is the lack of resilience and ability to adapt• Our current system drives more and more people into poverty in post-
industrial countries• People are unable to mitigate their ecological impact due to not having the
resources to create alternative means to meet their needs.• Poverty creates environmental destruction, but affluence without
meaningful alternatives does as well
James Clark
What Determines the CO2 Levels of a Person in Different Countries?
3 Groups to compare to the USA– Austria & Norway – Poland & Romania– Ethiopia & India
Does switching to jobs in the service sector decrease CO2? What about industry & ag?
Does urbanization increase CO2? How far North? Human Development Index
Kathy Fioretti
The effects of education on climate change.
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.00.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
CO2 Per capita as a function of education attainment
Percemtage of Population with Bachelors Degree or Higher
CO2
Out
put i
n M
etric
Ton
s
Rick Arndt
IPAT model to balance globalization Impacts.
• [(CO2 from external dirty industry jobs.) + (US CO2)] – (Technology Gains) = (Environmental Impact)
• To more evenly share the burden of CO2 the ratio of consumer spending needs to be considered.
• This means that the CO2 output lies heaviest on those with higher education levels.
Rick Arndt
The effects of education on climate change.
• If we want to lower emissions we must begin by teaching students at the most basic levels of education.
• Urban centers can use community gardens to prevent environmental detachment.
• Social policies in other countries geared towards retaining their newly educated can help the technological bottleneck.
• Sustainable ideologies can be implemented at institutions. • Climate change topics in college courses help reduce
consumption rates.
Rick Arndt
CO2/Capita
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
CO2 Emissions Per Person
KentuckyMississippiNorth CarolinaVirginiaAverage all states
Year
CO2
by M
etri
c To
ns
Percent Absolute
-30-25-20-15-10
-50
Change in CO2 Emissions Per Person
KentuckyMississippiNorth CarolinaVirginiaAverage all states
Am
ount
of C
hang
e
Independent Variables Driving Impacts: Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia
Jack Marder
Technology
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011200.00300.00400.00500.00600.00700.00800.00900.00
1,000.001,100.001,200.00
Technology- CO2/GDP
KentuckyMississippiNorth CarolinaVirginiaAverage all states
YearMet
ric
Tons
of C
O2/
Mill
ion
$ G
DP
Independent Variables Driving Impacts: Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia
Jack Marder
19841985
19861987
19881989
19901991
19921993
19941995
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20100
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
Total of CO2 emissions – South America Countries
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Uruguay
Venezuela, RB
kt
Hugo Rafael Chavez
Income, Emissions, GDP, and Population: China vs India
Total Population
Category China's Growth Rate India's Growth RateTotal CO2 Emissions 1074% 1029%
CO2 Emissions (kg per 2005 US$ of GDP)CO2/person (metric tons per capita)
CO2 Emissions (kt)/gdp per capitaGDP (constant 2005 US$)
Income (GDP/person)217%
30%657%49%
3572%2185%163%
126%474%273%820%378%
Tucker Billman
Kristina Nesterenko
Kristina Nesterenko
Climate Change ImpactsAnd Vulnerability
Sea Level Rise- Bangladesh
Clayton Coyne
What makes a community vulnerable?
• Factors of Vulnerability • Factors of Adaptive Capacity • Real-World Application
Dalton Fusco
What determines vulnerability? A case study of Bangladesh and Switzerland
• Regional factors • Coastal vs inland• Arid vs Wet Climates
• Sociocultural• Adaptive capacity• Demography• Organization
• Economic• Rich vs poor
Ashleigh Angel
Is Colonialism a Determinant of Climate Change Vulnerability?
Climate Change Vulnerability
DARA 2012
Dependent Variable: Climate Change Vulnerability
Independent Variables: Social Indicators of Vulnerability 1) Affluence 2) Human Health Sensitivity 3) Infrastructure 4) Institutions
DARA 2012
Vulnerability Breakdown
Chloe Talbert
Renewable Energy and Climate Change
Renewable Energy• Why Renewable Energy?• What is Renewable Energy?• Examples• Cost• Window of Opportunity
Daulton Hanks
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Adoption Rates based on Government Incentive Programs.United States. Up to $7500 tax credit per vehicle, limit 200,000 vehicles bought on or after 2010. Credit is based on battery size.
Norway. Exemptions for electric vehicles: 25% purchase tax, road tax, parking, tolls, and can use bus lanes for electric. Plug-in Hybrid get less exemptions because taxes are assets by vehicle weight.
Jake Kennedy
Correlation Between Political Party and Renewable Energy Policies.
Republican v. Democratic States in the 2012 Presidential Election States that have RPS goals/policies.
Nicholas Sanchez
'90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '120.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Emissions/Person Index
KentuckyTennesseeNorth Carolina (RPS)West Virginia (RPS)
Do Renewable Portfolio Standards Make A Difference?
North Carolina adopted RPS in 2007
West Virginia adopted RPS in 2009
State RPS Political Party GDP (millions) GDP/Capita PopulationKentucky no Republican $177,967 $33,519 4,395,295Tennessee no Republican $280,485 $37,254 6,495,978West Virginia Standard Republican $69,711 $30,389 1,854,304North Carolina Standard Republican $452,350 $40,289 9,848,060
Criteria for Chosen States
Nicole Walbridge
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Percent Renewable Consumption
Arkansas (no RPS) Kentucky (no RPS) West Virginia (Standards) Ohio (Standards) Oklahoma (Goals) Indiana (Goals)
Research Question: Are RPS standards or goals a more successful policy for reducing CO2 emissions? Dependent Variable: Type or structure of policy Independent Variable: Success of policy
Marla Waters
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainable Energy Alternatives in Southeast Asia
• Current environmental technology and energy sources utilized in Southeast Asia are unsustainable and harmful to the environment
• Urbanization and outsourcing of emissions to southeast Asia are also responsible for growing emissions
• IPAT equation in regard to Southeast Asia (specifically Indonesia– Energy alternatives need to be introduced to lower emissions and provide a
framework for a more environmentally friendly agenda for this region– Cleaner energy alternatives, better environmental policy, and adopting new
technology can pave the way for a more sustainable future– Examples of countries in the region that have shown progress: Singapore,
Malaysia, etc.
Isabella Shaulis
Cap and Trade vs a Carbon Tax• Comparing the two by price, amount of emissions
reduction, and likeliness of implication. • Price: Carbon tax in Washington start out at $10/tCO2,
increases by $5/tCO2, cpas at $30/tCO2. For cap and trade it depends on the market, can be big shifts in price depending on demand.
• Emissions reduction: Carbon tax will bring about an 8.4% decrease by 2035. Cap and trade will lead to a 60 million ton reduction by 2020.
• Likeliness of implication: Carbon taxes are much more simple than cap and trade.
Emma Rubottom
Climate Change PolicyLocal to Global
Argument
• corporations want to change the law because they are resource and profit dependent .because they are dependent on profit so they try to change the law. when the law is changed the pollution rate will go even higher the more they produce the more profit they will make.
• IV: corporate Lobbying is when corporations use their money to gain power to change the environmental law
• DV: Is looking at the pollution rate. the pollution rate will increase the more companies are lobbying. Increase in lobbying equals a decrease in Env. protection rates pollution rates go up
Elgin Cook
Better mitigation method – carbon tax or cap-and-trade?• What is key is a cap
• Everything can be put into place (i.e. high regulatory standards, tax regulations) and emissions will still grow
• Why?• A cap acts as a roof, sets a guaranteed
limit• Also pushes what’s not ‘under the roof,
out’ and forces what is ‘under the roof’ to do more
• However, a hybrid system will work the best
• Allows for best of both methods to work• A cap to produce a ‘roof’ and a tax to
provide a ‘floor”
Durning, A. 2009. “Cap and trade 101: a federal climate policy primer. Seattle, WA: Sightline Institute.”
Spencer Smith
Government Institutions and Climate ChangeAre democratic or authoritarian regimes better suited to combat climate change?
• I=PAT Equation to measure total impact.
• Compared across multiple democratic and authoritarian regimes in regards to each variable
• Conclusion: • Both democratic and authoritarian regimes have advantages and disadvantages
with respect to each variable in addressing climate change.
Why is this important?• Policy implications• International negotiations
Adam Gould
Climate Change Unilateralism among cities: A question of Realized Co-benefits
Durban vs. Khara Hais and George in South Africa
Miles Gordon
European Union and United States Environmental Action
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
5
10
15
20
25
CO2 Per Capita
Germany UK France SpainItaly Turkey US
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
50000000
100000000
150000000
200000000
250000000
300000000
350000000
Population Totals
Germany UK France SpainItaly Turkey US Big 5
Travis Bilyeu
(http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/climatechangechap7.pdf)
Climate Change has an impact on the environment and directly effects people’s health. The main question here is what countries are most vulnerable to these kinds of health issues and diseases?
Malaria
Clayton Crum
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