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Cracking the Free Response in AP Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
Patricia BrazillCo-Chair, Macro Test DevelopmentIrondequoit High SchoolRochester, NY Patti_Brazill@westiron.monroe.edu
Sandra WrightMicro Test DevelopmentAdlai Stevenson High SchoolLincolnshire, IL swright@d125.org
Emphasize the concepts and skills so they know how to drive the AP Econ Car and read the Map (FRQ Questions) so that no matter what question is asked they can rely on their knowledge of how to drive and read the map to go where ever the question asks…
How to help students move beyond prescribed questions or previously asked FRQs…
The FRQ in both exams is worth 1/3 of the test Grade
2010 Macro
53% 3 or above
Each Exam cut score changes
Students scores can improve with FRQ scores -
You want your students FRQs to exceed average scores!
Instructional planning report
When answering the Macroeconomics or Microeconomics free response questions, a student should respond clearly and concisely. Including paragraphs or even full-sentence responses is not always necessary; however, it is important to address the verb prompts appropriately (as explained below). A written response that presents conflicting answers is likely to lead to the loss of points.
Advice from Chief Reader
“SHOW” means use a diagram (graph). Correct labels are critical!
“EXPLAIN” means to take the reader through all the steps or linkages in the line of reasoning. Often a formula or graph will work.
“IDENTIFY” means provide a specific answer, a list, a point on a graph, without explanation
“CALCULATE” means use math to determine a specific numerical answer and show work
Verbs: What do students need to do?
Correctly drawn and labeled AD/AS models
Correctly drawn Production Possibilities model
Showing a recession on a PPF
Good news from 2012 Macro
Content Areas: Foreign Exchange Market Fiscal Policy Effect on AD
Good news from Macro 2011
Content Areas: The Mechanics of Money Creation Categories of Unemployment Classical Adjustment to Recession
Bad News from 2011Less than ~25% of Students Correctly
Answered
General Content Areas:Money and BankingReal vs. Nominal Distinction International Economics
Bad News from 2012 Macro
Determining Pe and Qe on a Monopoly graph
Firm Graph in PC market Price ceiling on a PC market graph Finding Allocative Efficienct Quantity when an externality exists
Good News from Micro 2011
Elasticity Consumer surplus when price discrimination
PC Labor market graphs finding DWL when externality exists
Bad News from Micro 2011
Good news from Micro 2012 Monopoly Graph
◦ Marginal Revenue and Demand Curves◦ Profit Max Quantity where MR = MC◦ Price on Demand Curve above Q*
Finding Total Utility by Summing MU
Identifying Domestic Production Level in Situation with Imports and a Tariff
Micro Trouble Spots9. Optimal Consumption
Rule
7. Effect of Subsidy on Quantity Produced
6. Effect of Lump-Sum Subsidy on Deadweight Loss
5. Tariff Revenue4. Value of Consumer
Surplus3. Cross-price Elasticity2. Effect of Price Increase
on Total Revenue1. Surplus-maximizing
Tariff
Special Mention: Labels!
What you can do to help your students… Ask students to show their work for calculation
problems. They should include both the formula used and the
numbers used in their calculations. This will help you find the errors in their thinking
GO BACK TO THE BASICS AT THE END OF THE COURSE Use the notes from the Chief Reader (Scoring plus
Samples and Commentary Use your Instructional Planning Report from College
Board Teach the VERBAGE GRAPH GRAPH GRAPH!!!!! Score FRQs from a grid
Take frequent timed FRQ TESTS - Short FRQs are 12 minute questions Teach students to grade from rubric Mini white boards – look at their models!
Sidewalk chalk – muscle memory Presentations of Macro and Micro 1 to class
What should students do?
Production Possibilities Supply and Demand Aggregate Supply and Demand with vertical
Long Run Aggregate Supply Phillips Curve Money Market Model Loanable funds Currency market with simple
Supply/Demand
Macro models students must know
Production Possibilities Supply and Demand – Include tariffs, tax
incidence, and world prices in your analysis Perfect Competition side-by-side graphs Monopoly Monopolistic Competition Payoff matrix in Game Theory Labor market – side by side graphs Monopsony
Micro Models Students Must know
Frequently Tested Concepts in Macro FRQ’s 1995-2011Fiscal Policy, discretionary and automatic
1995 #12009 B#1
1995 #22010 #1auto
1997 #32010B #1
2000 #12011 #1
2001 #12011/B#1auto
2002 #1 2003 #1,2
2003B #3
2005#1 2005 #3
AD/AS Model
1995 #12003B-12010 B-1
1996 #12004 #12010B #3
1997 #32004B-12011 #1
1998 #12005 #12011B #1
1999 #12006 #12012 #3
2000 #12007#1
2001 #12006B #1
2002 #12007B #1
2002B #12009B#1
2003 #12010 #1
Money Market Model
1999 #12007B #1
2000 #32209 #1
2002 #12009 #3
2003 #12009B #2
2004 #12010 #2
2005B-12010B#2
2005 #12012#1
2006 #2 2007#1 2006B #2
Interest rate effects (on I or growth or 4-x)
1995 #12009#2
1997 #1,32009B #3
1999 #12010 #1
2003 #32011 #2
2001 #12012#1
2002 #1 2003B #1
2004 #1 2007#2 2007B #4
Monetary Policy 1996 #22005B-1
1997 #12007#2
1997 #32009 #1
1999 #12010 #2
2000 #32010B #2
2002 #12011 #1
2002B #12011 #3
2003 #1,22011B #2
2004 #12012#1
2004B #1
Crowding Out 1995 #2
Keynesian v. Classical thought
1995 #1 2004 #1 2007B #1
2010 #1 2011 #1 2011B#1
Inflation impact 1995 #1 1996 #1 2002B-1 2003 #1 2004B-1 2011B #3
Long run growth 1995 #1 2000 #1 2002 #2 2006 #3 2008 #1 2009 #2 2010 #1 2011 #1
4-X 1996 #22006 #1
1998 #32007#1
1999 #12006B #1
2000 #22007B #3
2001 #22012#3
2002 #32009 #2
2002B #32009B #3
2003B #12010 #3
2004 #22010B #2
2005B #32011 #2
Balance of Trade 1996 #22008 #2
1998 #32010 #3
1999 #12012#1
2001 #3 2002 #3 2002B-3 2003 #1,2
2003B-1 2004 #2 2005B #3
Multiple Expansion of $
1996 #3 2001 #3 2004 #3 2006#2 2009 #3 2009B #2
2011#3 2012#2
Elasticity 1997 #1
Loanable Funds 1997 #12010B #1
2002 #22011 #2
2003B-12011B 1
2004 #2 2006 #2 2007#2 2006B #2
2007B #2
2008 #1 2010 #1
Circular Flow 1997 #2 2003B-1
Nominal – real interest rates
1997 #12011B #3
1998 #12012#1,3
1999 #2 2005 #1 2005B-2 2006#2 2007#2 2006B #2
2009 #1 2010B #2
PPF/comp. adv. 2003 #2 2003B-2 2004B-3 2005B-2 2007B #2
2008#3 2010B #1
2102#1
Phillips Curve 1999 #12010B #1
2001 #12011 #1
2003B-32011B #1
2004B-1 2005B-1 2006 #3 2006B #3
2008 #1 2009 #1 2009B #1
GDP 2007 #3 2011B#3
Inf Expectations
2009 #1
Bond prices/rates
2010#2 2011 #3
Frequently Tested Concepts in Micro FRQ’s 1995- 2011
Supply and Demand Grapsh 1995 #12010 #1
1998 #!2010B #2
1999#1 2000 #3 2003#2 2004B#3 2004 #2 2005B#3 2005#2 2006B #3
Externalities 1995 #22011 #3
1992 #3 2001 #2 2002B #2 2002#2 2003 #1 2004 #1 2006 #3 2009 #1 2009 #2
Allocative (economic) efficiciency (MSC=MSB)
2004#1 2011 #3
2005 #1 2011B #2
2006 #3 2008#2 2009 #1 2009 #2 2009B#1 2010 #2 2010B #1 2011 #1
Relationship of P and MR 1995 #3 1996 #3 1999 #3 2003 #2 2010B #1 2011 #1
MR = MC rule 1995 #3 2004B#1
1996 #1,3 2004 #1,3
1997 #2 2005B #1,2
1998 #1,3 2005 #1
1999 #3 2006B #1
2000 #1 2006 #1
2001 #1 2007B #1
2002B #1 2008#1
2002 #1 2010 #1
2003B #3 2010B #1
2003 #1,2 2011 #1,22102 #1
Monopoly Model 1996#1 2006B#1
1997 #2Natural 2007A
1998 #3 2008 #2 natural
1999 #3 2009 #1
2000 #1 2010B #1
2003B #1 2011 #1
2003 #2 2012#1
2004B #1 2004#1 2005B #1 2006 #1
Price Discrimination 1998 #3 2011 #1
Elasticity/TR test*cross elasticity*Income elasticity
1996#2 1998 #3 2000 #3 2004B #1 2004B #2 2005B #3 2008 #1 2009B2* 2010B#3 2011 #1 2012#2
Perfect CompetitionProduct market and firm, side by side
1995 #3 2006B #2
1996 #1 2007 #2Labor
1999 #3 2008#1
2000 #1 2009 #1
2001 #1 2010 #1
2002B #2 2011 #2
2002 #1 2011B#1
2003B #1 2003 #1 2004 #1 2005B #2
Monopolistic Competition 2002B #1 2007B #1 2009B #1
Market power 1995 #1
Price Ceilings/Floors 1996 #2 1998 #1 2001 #1 2002B #3 2006B #2 2008#2 2011 #1 2011B #3
Labor MarketMRP=MRC rule
1997 #1 2006B#2
1998 #2 2007 #2
2000 #2 2010 #2
2001 #32010B #2
2002B #3 2011 #2
2002 #1 2003B#3 2003#3 2005B#1 2005#3 2005B #1
S & D analysis of tariff/world market
2000 #3 2003B #2 2004 #3 2004 #3 2004 #2 2012#3
Consumer/producer surplus 2002B#1 2003B#2 2003 #2 2004 #2 2006B #2 2009 #2 2010 #3 2012#3
Tax incidence 2004B #2 2005 #2 2009 #2
Deadweight loss 2003B #1 2005 #1 2010 #3 2011 #3 2012#1
Equimarginal principal 2002 #3 2003 2008#2 2009B#2 2012#2
Oligopoloy/game theory 2007B #2 2007 #3 2009 #3 2009B #3
Lump sum, Per unit tax/subsidy
2008#1 2009 #1 2009 #3 2009B #3 2011 #2 2012#1
Economies of scale 2009B #1
Income effect 2009B #2
Substitution effect 2009B #2
MONOPSONY 2011B3
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