Creating a New Nation Fourth Grade History. King George III George Washington
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- Creating a New Nation Fourth Grade History
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- King George III George Washington
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- Benjamin Franklin urged colonists to fight with the British
against the French and Native Americans by publishing this
cartoon.
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- American colonists were loyal subjects to the King of England
and were supportive of the decisions of Parliament. American
colonists fought with British soldiers against the French and
Native American alliance. Colonists felt threatened by French and
Native American forces and wanted protection, so they sided with
the British. Most of the battles were fought in the Ohio River
Valley, the land between the Mississippi River, the Appalachian
Mountains and the Great Lakes. At the time, this geographic region
was also known as the Northwest Territory. England won the war and
France forfeited all lands in this region to England at the Treaty
of Paris (1763).
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- French and Spanish forces cede large amounts of land to
England. Colonists living in North America cannot settle lands west
of the Appalachian Mountains. British troops will remain in the
western territory to monitor French and Native American activity
and to protect the colonists. British troops will maintain forts
and supply chains in this territory.
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- After the French and Indian War, England kept large forces of
soldiers and supplies in the Northwest Territory. In order to
maintain the forts, pay the soldiers, and supply them with
provisions, Parliament passed the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act taxed
colonists on all paper products, including playing cards, posters,
and legal documents. Many colonists disagreed with this act because
they were paying for soldiers to live in a place where they were
not permitted to settle.
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- After the Stamp Act, Parliament issued new taxes on glass,
lead, paint, paper, and tea. Again, this tax was an attempt to
raise revenue so that England could pay for its military forces in
the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes region. After the French and
Indian War, England accrued a lot of debt and this act was another
attempt to pay off some of that debt. Colonial frustration towards
England begins to grow.
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- In order to keep the colonists calm, loyal, and obedient,
England sends warships loaded with cannons and troops to Boston.
Many colonists did not appreciate the imposing force that invaded
Boston. Tensions start to rise.
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- Two Perspectives of the Boston Massacre (Point of View)
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- Four colonists were killed in the Boston Massacre, including
Crispus Attucks (left). The newspaper (right) published an
political cartoon of their coffins.
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- As tensions rise in the colonies, especially in Massachusetts,
so do British attempts to quiet the anti-loyalist movement. The
Boston Massacre enraged many colonists, who were beginning to
express their anger in newspaper articles, protests in the streets,
and secret meetings. These actions increased pressures on
Parliament to do something about the conflict in the colonies.
Parliament issued the Tea Act, taxing the most popular drink at the
time.
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- I had the pleasure to receive your letter...and am greatly
obliged to you for your kind remembrance of me, and the pains you
have taken to get me appointed for the disposal of the stamps in
this province [Nova Scotia].... There is a violent spirit of
opposition raised on the continent against the execution of the
Stamp Act, the mob in Boston have carried it very high against the
Secre[tar]y [Andrew Oliver]...for his acceptance of an office in
consequence of that Act. They have even proceeded to sow violence,
and burnt him in effigy. They threaten to pull down & burn the
stamp office row building; and that they will hold every man as
infamous that shall presume to carry the Stamp Act into execution,
so it is thought Mr. Oliver will resign. I don't find any such
turbulent spirit to prevail among us, if it should, the means are
in our Hands to prevent any tumults or Insults; what the
consequences may be in the colonies who have no military force to
keep the rabble in order, I cannot pretend. Letter from Archibald
Hinschelwood, 1765 Source:
www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=258www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=258
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- The QUARTERING ACT stated that Colonial Authorities had to
furnish British troops with sleeping quarters and supplies and
included public places, abandoned buildings, and then private
residences. The BOSTON PORT BILL said that the port of Boston was
closed to all colonists until the damages from the Boston Tea Party
were paid. The ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT stated that British
officials could not be tried in the colonies for any crimes they
committed. The MASSACHUSETTS GOVERNMENT ACT said that colonists no
longer had any control over local political decisions. The QUEBEC
ACT extended the Canadian border into the colonies of
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Virginia.
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- Every colony except Georgia sends delegates to Philadelphia to
discuss possible solutions to the British occupation in the
colonies. All delegates are either elected or appointed by the
Committees of Correspondence. They cannot compromise on a course of
action and many delegates remain loyal to the crown. The delegates
agree to meet again in one year to discuss further options.
Carpenters Hall, Philadelphia, PA
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- Patrick Henry, an anti-loyalist from Virginia, is one of the
most quoted leaders of the movement for independence in the
colonies. He also famously said, If this be treason, make the most
of it! Often called a radical for his views, it wasnt long before
most colonists shared his views, opinions, and ideas.
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- The Shot Heard Round the World British General Gage planned to
capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams and steal gunpowder. Anti-
loyalist spies, like Paul Revere, discovered the plan and alerted
the minutemen. These battles are often called the first battles of
the American Revolution.
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- In order to protect the citizens of Boston, Ethan Allen and the
Green Mountain Boys seized huge stashes of British artillery from
their fort in New York. Then they hauled in hundreds of miles
through rough terrain to defend the city. It was a legendary
trek.
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- Held at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, PA. George
Washington selected as the supreme commanded of the Continental
Army. Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III.
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- July 4, 1776